人教版高一英语必修4学案之 互动课堂 ：Unit1　Women of achievement.doc

互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.achieve v.完成；达到；得到【典型例句】by working hard we can achieve anything.只要我们努力工作，任何事情都能成功。we have achieved success in the project.这个项目我们已经取得了成功。he hopes to achieve all his aims soon.他希望尽快达到他所有的目标。these plants achieved a 10 percent increase over 2004 last year.去年这些钢铁厂比2004年增产10%。we have achieved a lot in the exam.在这次考试中我们收获很多。【相关链接】achievement n. 成绩；成就achievable adj.可完成的；可达到的2.condition n.状况；状态（pl.）环境；条件【典型例句】the condition of my health prevents me from working.我的健康状况不允许我工作。you can keep the book for long on condition that you protect it well.只要你把书保存好，你就可以长时间借这本书。ability and effort are conditions of success.能力和努力是成功的条件。the miners there worked in dreadful conditions.那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作。whats the patients condition?病人的情况如何?【相关链接】be in（out of） condition 健康状况好（不好）on condition that 条件是；如果on no condition 决不；一点也不on this condition 在这个条件下make it a condition that.以为条件3.concern v. &n.涉及；影响；担心；挂念；关心【典型例句】the letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities.这封信主要是关于出口商品的。he is concerned for her safety.他担心她的安全。he was very concerned about her.他对她非常关心。thats no concern of mine.那不关我的事。as far as i am concerned,you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。【知识小结】concern 可作名词或动词，一般不用于进行时态，其过去分词形式可用在一些搭配中表示各种含义。 be concerned with sb./sth.与某人（某事）有关联；参与as far as.concerned就而言【相关链接】concerning 有关；涉及concerning adj.担心的；挂念的be concerned to do 一心想做be concerned that 渴望4.devote.to.致力于；献身于【典型例句】he devoted himself to writing.他专心于写作。he was still devoted to the study of chemistry.他仍专心致力于化学研究。he has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。he is determined to devote himself to his scientific research.他决心一生致力于科学研究。【知识小结】（1）devote oneself to （doing） sth.“致力于”，to为介词。（2）be devoted to.“专心致志于；献身于”,（to 为介词）。5.behave v.举止；表现【典型例句】the young lady behaved courageously in the face of danger.那位年轻女士面对危险表现得十分勇敢。how is the new machine behaving?新机器的性能怎样?the chemical can behave as an acid.这种化学制品能起酸的作用。behave yourself!规矩点!you should learn to behave.你应该学会举止得体。【相关链接】behave like a gentleman举止像绅士behave badly 行为不良behavior n.表现，举止rude behavior 粗鲁的6.observe v.看到；注意到；遵守；奉行；评说；评述【典型例句】he observed a stranger hanging around the store.他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。i observed him stop at the gate.我看到他在门口停下来。they carefully observed the behavior of deer.他们仔细观察了鹿的生活习性。this law must be strictly observed.这项法律必须严格遵守。he observed that it was a lovely day.他说天气真好。【相关链接】observation n.观察；注意observing adj.注意的；留心的observer n.观察者7.respect n.& v.尊敬；尊重；关系；方面；着眼点；关于；涉及【典型例句】n.uthey treated me with respect.他们对我很敬重。the two plans differ in one major respect.这两个计划在一个主要方面有所不同。c（pl.）give my respects to your parents.代我向你的父母亲致意。v.he is highly respected by everyone for his integrity.他因其正直而深受大家的尊敬。we must respect the laws of a country we are in.我们必须遵守所在国家的法律。【相关链接】in all respects 在各个方面in this respect 在这个方面in respect of/to 关于;就而言with respect to 关于一事show/have respect for 尊敬某人gain broad respect 受到广泛尊敬8.argue v.争论；争辩；说服【典型例句】he argued against the plan.他据理反对这个计划。we argued the matter over for hours.我们为这事辩论了几小时。columbus argued that the world was round.哥伦布认为地球是圆形的。we argued her out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们说服她不要去作这样危险的旅行。we argued him into the adoption of the plan.我们说服他采纳这项计划。【知识小结】argue for/against 为赞成/反对而辩论argue with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人争论某事argue o doing sth.说服某人做某事argue sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事argue that 辩论说argument n.争辩an argument for/against 赞成/反对的理由9.support v.支持；养活；证实；支撑【典型例句】the old man entered the room supported by his grandson.老人由孙子扶着进了房间。they supported the democratic party.他们支持民主党。he has a large family to support.他要养活一大家人。can you give some examples to support your argument?你能举几个例子来证实你的论点吗?i promised to support him with 3000 yuan.我答应赞助他3000元。【相关链接】in support of 为了支持give support to sb.给某人支持support oneself自力更生10.strike v.&n.打；击（打/中）；罢工；钟敲（响）；划火柴【典型例句】he was struck by lightning.他被闪电击中。the snake struck the mans hand.蛇咬伤了那个男人的手。the clock struck twelve.钟表敲响了12点。the girl struck a match to light a cigarette.那女孩划火柴点燃一根烟。that play struck me as silly.那出戏我觉得很无聊。it struck me that there was no one at home.我突然想起家中没有人。the steel workers called a strike.钢铁厂的工人举行了罢工。【相关链接】call a strike 发动罢工go on strike 举行罢工strike on 突然想到strike off打落；删除11.explain v.解释；说明【典型例句】he explained that he had been cheated.他解释说他上当受骗了。please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。he made up a story to explain why he was absent.他编造了一个故事为他的缺席辩解。ive got to explain about it.我得解释一下此事。【相关链接】explain sth.to sb./explain to sb.sth.向某人解释某事explain（to sb.）+从句 向某人解释。explanation n.解释12.consideration n.c因素；报酬；需要考虑的事u体谅；顾及【典型例句】that matter is under consideration.那件事正在考虑之中。price and quality are the two chief considerations.价格和质量是两个主要考虑的问题。he showed no consideration for his wife.他不体贴他的妻子。cost was no consideration.费用无关紧要。【知识小结】under consideration 在考虑中【相关链接】in consider of 顾及；由于；体谅o consideration 考虑到，顾及on no consideration决不considerable adj.值得注意的considerate adj.考虑周到的consider v.考虑；认为；看作13.deliver v. 投递；传送；运送；发表；演讲；宣布；生（小孩）;解救；解脱；释放【典型例句】he delivered an important report at the meeting.他在会上作了重要报告。education delivered him from ignorance.教育把他从无知中解救出来。she delivered twins in the evening.晚上她生了一对双胞胎。would you deliver my message to your mother?你可以帮我传个口信给你母亲吗？【知识小结】deliver sb.from.救某人脱离【相关链接】delivery n.投递；交付14.mean v. （词语等）表示的意思；意指；打算；意味着；指定【典型例句】what does the phrase mean?这短语是什么意思?by “the cities” i mean the big cities in particular.我所说的“城市”主要是指大城市。do you mean to go without money?你想身无分文就走吗?to a certain extent,to raise wages means increasing purchasing power.在一定程度上,提高工资意味着增加购买力。the house is meant for you.这房子是准备给你的。【知识小结】（1）（言词等）表示的意思+（that）（2）意指；意谓+（that）+wh-（3）意欲；意图；打算+to-v.o1o2（4）意味着;有的意义+（that）+v.-ing（+to）（5）指定;预定（+for）+to-v.【相关链接】means n.方法；方式（单复数形式相同）meaning n.意义；意思by no means 决不by any means无论如何by means of 借助于手段by all means 当然可以；一定15.work out 解决；确定；产生结果；发展；成功；计算；（被）算出；想出；制订出；产生出；消耗完【典型例句】can you work out on the map where we are now?你能在地图上找到我们现在所在的位置吗?he never seems to be worked out.他好像永远都不知道疲倦似的。i worked the maths problem out at last although it was difficult.尽管这道数学题很难，我最后还是做出来了。they worked out a plan.他们制定出一个计划。the result worked out well.结果证明是好的。16.care for 喜欢；关心；照顾；愿意【典型例句】would you care for a drink?你想来点喝的吗?who will care for the house while the family is away?全家人都不在时,由谁照料这间房子呢?he doesnt care for what he eats.他对吃的东西并不计较。he cares for walking.他喜欢散步。17.discover v.发现；发觉；了解到【典型例句】scientists around the world are working to discover a cure of aids.全世界的科学家都在努力地寻找方法治疗艾滋病。e discovered this beach while sailing around the island.我们围绕这个海岛航行时，发现了这个海滩。 have just discovered hang gliding.我刚知道悬挂式滑翔运动。ho discovered the good place?谁发现了这个好地方？【知识小结】（1）discover sth.（2）discover+clause（3）discover+n.+adj.（4）discover+n.+doing【相关链接】discover指“发现（客观事物的存在）”；find 指“偶然发现；碰到”，后接名词、复合结构或that 从句；invent“发明”，指原来没有的东西被发明出来。二、句型剖析1.be of+名词【典型例句】sports and games can be of great value.体育运动是很有用的。they are of great help to learners of english.他们对学习英语的人来讲帮助很大。the two girls are of the same age.这两个女孩年龄一样大。you will find the book of great value.你会发现这本书很有价值。what you said was of no use.你说的没用。【知识小结】be+of+抽象名词等于be+very+（和这些名词意思相当的）形容词。2.spend.on/（in） doing sth.【典型例句】i spent $100 on the bike.我花了100美元买下那辆自行车。they spent three months touring europe.他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。he spent all his savings on a new house.他把所有的积蓄用来买了一幢新房子。my cousin will spend the weekend with us.我表兄要和我一起度周末。he spent all his whole life looking after the poor.他一生都在照顾穷人。【知识小结】（1）spend money on sth.花钱在上（2）spend.in doing sth.花（时间等）在上【相关链接】spend的主语是人，不是物；pay的主语也是人；cost 和take的主语是物，不是人。3.intend的用法【典型例句】his mother intends him to become an engineer.他妈妈打算让他成为一名工程师。i do not intend to stay long.我不打算久留。do you intend to seeing your teacher?你打算去看望你老师吗？the present was intended for you,but he took it away.这礼物是给你的，可是他拿走了。the meeting is intended to deal with some important problems.开会的目的是想处理一些重要问题。【知识小结】intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事be intended for.为而准备be intended to do/doing sth.打算干某事be intended as.目的是作为4.it seems that.好像；似乎【典型例句】it seems that someone is knocking on the door.我好像听到有人在敲门。it seems to me that it will rain tonight.我看今晚要下雨。she seems very happy with the new job.她对新工作好像很满意。【相关链接】seem to do 好像要_it seems as if.好像there seems to be.好像有5.it is.that/who.强调句型【典型例句】it was jack who helped me settle the problem.是杰克帮我解决这个问题的。it was in this shop that i bought this dress.我是在这家商店里买的这件衣服。it was at 8 that we arrived home.我们昨天是8点到家的。【知识小结】强调句的结构为：it is/was+被强调部分that/who+句子剩余部分。强调人用who/that,强调物用that。 5.it is.that/who.强调句型【典型例句】it was jack who helped me settle the problem.是杰克帮我解决这个问题的。it was in this shop that i bought this dress.我是在这家商店里买的这件衣服。it was at 8 that we arrived home.我们昨天是8点到家的。【知识小结】强调句的结构为:it is/was+被强调部分that/who+句子剩余部分。强调人用who/that,强调物用that。 三、难句透视1.watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.（p2 paragraph 1）我们当天的任务就是观察黑猩猩如何醒来。【剖析】本句是动名词词组“watching a family of chimps wake up”作主语。又如:seeing is believing.眼见为实。【归纳】（1）动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。（2）动名词有时有自己的逻辑主语。如:would you mind my coming late?我来晚了，你介意吗？2.it struck me like lightning how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when womens education was always placed second to mens.这个想法闪电般地划过我的脑海，在那久远的年代，当妇女的教育总是低于男性的时候，一个女子去学医一定是相当困难的。（p6 paragraph 3）【剖析】（1）struck 为strike 的过去式,意为“某种想法突然出现”。又如:an idea struck me.我突然有了一个想法。it struck me that i have to pick up my mother.我突然想起我得去接妈妈。（2）must have done 是对过去推测，用于肯定句,在疑问句和否定句中用can/could have done。如:he can not have done that kind of things.他不可能做那种事。3.why not study at medical college like lin qiaozhi and carry on her good work?（p6 paragraph 4）为什么不像林巧稚那样去医学院,继续事业呢?【剖析】“why not do.”表示提出建议，“为什么不干呢?” and 连接两个动词原形 study 和 carry。why not do.？=why dont you do.？why do sth.？=why do you do.？“为什么要干？”，表示谴责。（2）carry on “继续；继续下去”，后接with+n.或doing；如:he carried on with/doing his work.他继续做他的工作。carry out 实施；执行carry off 运走；带走carry forward 进展carry through 达到；渡过难关四、语法详解主谓一致一般说来，谓语动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。1.语法一致（1）不可数名词、动名词、不定式或从句作主语，谓语动词动词常用单数。（2）and连接主语时，注意以下几点:由and或both.and.连接两个单数名词，谓语动词用复数；但由and连接的两个词如果指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。凡由each.and each.，every.and every.,no.and no.,many a.and many a.连接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。凡由and连接两个带the（a或物主代词）的单数可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。如果只有前一个名词带the/a，则谓语动词用单数。what从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数；并列缩略式常用单数。what he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me.他的言论和思想都与我无关。what i say and do is my own affair.我的言行是我自己的事。由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则，谓语动词用单复数均可。（3）主语+介词（短语）:with,except,as well as,no less than,rather than,more than,over,besides, together with, like,including,in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语动词以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词的影响。（4）不定代词either,each,one another,anyone,anybody,somebody,anything,nothing, everything, everyone,neither等作主语时，谓语动词用单数；none做主语时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。（5）“many a+名词”和“more than one+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（6）在四则运算中，谓语动词用单、复数均可。（7）当kind of,pair of,type of等短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的kind,pair,type等保持一致。（8）当a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a great quantity of等短语作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词保持一致。（9）在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，如关系代词做主语引导定语从句时，谓语动词根据先行词来判断；若是one of结构，定语从句谓语动词用复数；若是the（only） one of结构，定语从句谓语动词用单数。（10）当分数或“百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词与后面的名词保持一致。（11）集合名词family,class,crowd,team,government,company,group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词动词用单数；如果强调个体，用复数形式。my family is a big one.我家是个大家庭。my family are all fond of sports.我的家人都喜欢体育。（12）当people,police,cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词动词往往用复数。（13）表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，如果被看作一个整体，谓语动词动词用单数。“two hours is enough for us,”he said.他说:“两个小时对我们来说足够了。”（14）当百分数或分数修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词动词用单数还是用复数由名词来定。（15）在正式的文体中，由not only.but also.,neither.nor.,either.or.,or等连接两具并列主语时，其谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。there be句式也是如此。not only the students but also the teacher hasnt come.学生和老师都没来。there is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。活学巧用1.单项填空（1）mans first walk on the moon was a stunning technological_.a.successb.achievementc.successiond.accomplishment提示：句意为:“人类首次登上月球是一个举世震惊的科技成就。”success指“成功”，succession 指“连续”，accomplishment“（按预订计划）完成”；achievement侧重指“成就”。答案：b（2） mr.green finally_success.a.completedb.achievedc.gotd.won提示：句意为:“格林先生终于取得了成功。”complete“完成”；got“得到”，后面一般不接抽象名词；won“赢得”，宾语多为比赛等。答案：b2.单项填空i am sure i would not do it if i were in your_.a.conditionb.positionc.locationd.environment提示：句意为:“如果我处在你的位子上，我敢肯定我不会做的。”condition表示“条件”；location表示“位置”；environment表示“环境”；均不合题意。答案：b完成句子（1）i have had no exercise for ages;i am really_（健康状况欠佳）.（2）i will come_（如果）peter is invited.（3）she managed to improve the_ （条件） of the prison.（4）_（决不能）can you tell him the news.答案：（1）out of condition（2）on condition that（3）conditions（4）on no condition3.单项填空（1）what_ the expert most is the increasing level of population in our cities.a.facesb.concernsc.boresd.relates提示：句意为:“使专家最关注的是。”concerns“关心；关注”；face“面临”； bore“厌烦”；relate“与有关”。答案：b（2） anything that_mr.green interests me.a.concernsb.mattersc.importanced.subjects提示：句意为:“任何有关于格林先生的事我都感兴趣。”答案：a（3） it is not necessary for you to be_ about others business.a.concernb.concern yourselfc.concerningd.concerned答案：d（4）_ english is concerned，he is the first in our class.a.asb.as soon as c.as far asd.now that提示：句意为:“就英语而言，他是我班最好的。”答案：c4.单项填空（1）although the working mother is very busy,she still_a lot of time to children.a.devotesb.spendsc.offersd.provides提示：句意为:“，她还是花了很多时间在孩子们身上。” devote.to.“致力于”。答案：a（2）_to his research,he spares no time to spend a weekend.a.devoting b.devotedc.caughtd.lost提示：be devoted to.“致力于”，caught 和lost与介词in 连用。答案：b5.完成句子（1）the child_（表现不良） at the party.（2）i told the child_（守规矩）.（3） the witness behaved herself_（保持冷静）.（4）you should pay attention to（你的举止）.答案：（1）behaved badly（2）to behave（3）with great calmness（4）your behavior单项填空did he_well while i was out?a.dob.behavec.listend.keep提示：句意为:“我出去时他表现得好吗？”答案：b6.使用observe翻译句子（1）我们看见他正从房间里走出来。_（2） 我们注意到天转阴了。_（3）她说我们工作做得很好。_（4） 我们严格遵守学校纪律。答案：（1）we observed him walking out of the room.（2）we observed that it had turned cloudy.（3）she observed that our work was well done.（4）we strictly observed the school rules.单句改错i observed him disappeared in the distance._答案：disappeareddisappear7.单项填空（1）no one imagined that the_man was a thief.a.respectfulb.respectivec.respectabled.respect提示：respectful指“（某人对他人的）恭敬”；respective指“各自的，各人的”；respectable指“受尊敬的，可敬的”；respect为名词。句意为:“没人会想到那个可敬的人是个小偷。”答案：（2）the two friends said goodbye and went to their_homes.a.individualb.each c.a and dd.respective提示：individual“单独的；个别的；个人的”；each不合题意，respective是形容词，意为“各自的；各个的”。答案：c翻译句子（1）不论从哪方面看，他都是一个有前途的学生。_（2）就钱来说，我并不认为它意味着一切。_答案：（1）he is a promising student in all respects.（2）in respect of money,i do not think it means everything.8.单项填空（1）he argued_smoking,and insistedthat it was_argument that smoking was harmful to health.a.for;beyondb.against;overc.for;overd.against;beyond提示：句意为:“他反对吸烟，坚持说吸烟有害于身体健康是不容置疑的。”beyond argument“不容置疑”。答案：d（2）sir,i have something to need to reportto you.do what you are told and do not_me.a.argue withb.argue forc.argue ond.argue over提示：argue with sb.为“与某人争吵”。答案：完成句子（1） we argue him（不熬夜）at night.（2）he（争辩说）he was not late.答案：（1）out of staying up（2）argued that9.单项填空（1）he was drunk and had to be_home.a.brought upb.raisedc.supportedd.made提示：句意为:“他喝醉了，别人不得不扶他回家。”答案：c（2）we went to the concert_my son,for he would perform there.a.in search ofb.in charge ofc.in honor ofd.in support of提示：in search of“为了寻找”；in honor of“为了纪念”；in charge of “掌管；负责”；in support of“为了支持”。答案：d完成句子（1）i can_（养活自己）afte