Engine Construction 发动机构造 (英汉对照).doc

Engine Construction 发动机构造 (英汉对照) Unit2Engine发动机2.1General概述The enginewhich iscalled the“heart”of avehicle isused tosupply powerfor an automobile.It includesthe fuel,lubricating,cooling,ignition andstarting systems.Generally,anautomobileis operatedby internal bustion engine.The internalbustion engineburns fuelwithin thecylinders andconverts theexpanding forceof thebustion or“explosion”into rotaryforce usedto propelthe vehicle.发动机是车辆的心脏，并为其提供动力。 发动机包含燃料系统、润滑系统、冷却系统、点火系统和起动系统。 车辆一般依靠内燃发动机驱动。 内燃发动机在气缸里燃烧燃料，并将燃烧所产生的膨胀力转变成旋转力，用以推动车辆前进。 The engineis aself-contained powerunit whichconverts theheat energyof fuelinto mechanicalenergy formoving thevehicle.Because fuelis burnedwithin theengine,it isknown asan internalbustion engine.In theinternalbustionengine,air/fuel mixtureis introducedinto aclosed cylinderwhere itis pressedand thenignited.The burningof thefuel causesa rapidrise incylinder pressurewhich isconverted touseful mechanicalenergy bythe pistonand crankshaft.The mostmon engineis thefour-stroke pistonengine.These fourstrokes areintake,pression stroke,power strokeand exhauststroke.发动机是独立的动力装置，并将燃料的热能转换成机械能，用以推动车辆前进。 由于燃15料在发动机内部燃烧，因此这种发动机被称为内燃机。 在内燃机里，可燃混合气被引入到封闭的气缸内，并在气缸内被压缩并点燃。 燃料燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升，并通过活塞和曲轴被转换成有用的机械能。 最常见的发动机是四冲程活塞式发动机。 四冲程包括进气、压缩、作功和排气冲程。 The reciprocatingengines canbe classifiedaording to:1.number ofcylinders:single-cylinder engineand multiple-cylinder engine;2.arrangement ofcylinders:in-line engine、vee engine、radial engineand opposed-cylinder engine;3.type ofcooling:air-cooled engineand liquid-cooled engine;4.number ofcycles:two-stroke engineand four-stroke engine;5.type ofignition.There aretwo types of engine:gasoline(also calleda spark-ignition engine)and diesel(also calleda pression-ignition engine).往复式发动机可以按以下几种情况分类1.按气缸的数量分类单缸发动机和多缸发动机；2.按气缸排列的方式分类直列发动机、V.型发动机、星型发动机和对置发动机；3.按冷却型式分类空气冷却式发动机和水冷却式发动机；4.按工作循环的行程数分类二冲程发动机和四冲程发动机；5.按点火方式分类。 有两种类型的发动机汽油机（也称为火花塞点火式发动机）和柴油机（也称为压燃式发动机）。 The single-cylinder engineprovides onlyone powerstroke duringevery twocrankshaft revolutionsor deliverspower onlyone-fourth of the time(four-stroke engine).To providea moreeven andcontinuous flowof power,vehicle haveengines withfour,six,or eightcylinders.These engineshave powerstrokes arrangedso asto followone anotherclosely oroverlap oneanother.单缸发动机在两个曲轴旋转周期内产生一个作功冲程或在四分之一时间内输出动力（四冲程发动机）。 为使动力传递变得更加平滑和连续，车辆上采用四缸、六缸甚至八缸发动机。 这种多缸发动机使各个作功冲程紧密相连或者彼此重叠。 The fundamentaldifference betweengasoline anddiesel enginesis thatin thegasoline engihe sourceoftheheat for igniting the charge,namely,an electricspark,is generatedoutside theengine,and istaken,as itwere,into thewaiting chargeat therequired instant.In thediesel engihe sourceof heatforignitingthechargeis createdwithin theengine bypressing pureair toa degreethat willinitiate bustionand theninjecting thefuel atright timein relationto themovement ofthe crankshaft.汽油发动机与柴油发动机的基本区别在于，在汽油机中点燃混和气的热源是电火花。 电火花是在发动机外面产生的。 按照实际情况来说，电火花总是在需要的瞬间进入等待燃烧的混和气中。 在柴油发动机中，使燃油点火的热源是靠将空气压缩到可以引燃的程度来产生的，16并在对应于曲轴转动的恰当时刻喷入燃料。 2.1.1Gasoline Engine汽油机 171、 31、33.sealing element密封件；2.connecting rodbearing cap连杆盖；3.nain bearingcap（曲轴）轴承盖；4.slide bearing轴瓦；5.crank shaft曲轴；6.crankshaft timingpulley曲轴定时带轮；7.cylinder block气缸体；8.crank pulley曲轴带轮；9.plug cock油塞；10.connecting rod连杆；11.piston pin活塞销；12.steady pin定位销；13.piston活塞；14.cylinder head气缸盖；15.exhaust valve排气门；16.valve guide气门导管；17.timing beltcover定时齿带罩；18.valve spring气门弹簧；19.intake valve进气门；20.timing belt pulley（凸轮轴）定时带轮；21.timing belt齿形带；22.fan风扇；23.valve springretainer气门弹簧座；24.filler cap（机油）加油口盖；25.camshaft凸轮轴；26.camshaft bearingcap凸轮轴轴承盖；27.bolt螺栓；28.flywheel飞轮；29.ring gear（飞轮）齿圈；30.rear end cover后端盖；32.pression bolt18压紧螺栓；34.flange(d)bearing止推轴瓦；35.oil ring油环；36.connecting rodbearing halfshell连杆轴瓦；37.oil pan油底壳；38.carburetor化油器；39.intake tube进气管；40.cylinder headgasket气缸衬垫；41.air duct通风管；42.slinger挡油罩板；43.cylinder headcover气缸盖罩；44.bearing轴承；45.rocker arm摇臂；46.gap adjustment（气门）间隙调节器；47.spark plug火花塞；48.oil rule油标尺；49.distributor分电器；50.oil pump机油泵；51.oil strainer机油集滤器；52.drain pulley放油螺塞；53.exhaust pipe排气管2.1.2Diesel柴油机191.air cleaner空气滤清器；2.intake tube进气管；3.piston活塞；4.oil cleaner机油滤清器；5.connecting rod连杆；6.injection pump喷油泵；7.fuel feed pump输油泵；8.coarse oilfilter机油粗滤器；9.secondary filter机油细滤器；10.camshaft凸轮轴；11.tappet(s)挺柱；12.pushrod推杆；13.exhaust pipe排气管；14.rocker arm摇臂；15.injector喷油器；16.cylinder head气缸盖；17.cylinder headcover气门室罩；18.valve气门；19.water pump水泵；20.fan风扇；21.oil pump机油泵；22.crank shaft曲轴；23.oil pan油底壳；24.oil strainer机油集滤器；25.drain pulley放油螺塞；26.flywheel飞轮；27.ring gear（飞轮）齿圈；28.cylinder block机体；29.cylinder liner气缸套2.2Crank Connecting Rod Mechanism曲柄连杆机构2.2.1Cylinder Liner(Cylinder Sleeve)气缸套20（a）dry sleeve(liner)type干式缸套；（b）wet sleeve(liner)type湿式缸套；1.cylinder liner(cylinder sleeve)气缸套； 2、5.sleeve seal缸套密封圈；3.engine blok,block气缸体；4.water jacket水套2.2.2Oil Pan油底壳1.gasket密封垫；2.oil pan油底壳；3.washer垫圈； 4、5.bolt螺栓；6.magic(drain)plug磁性放油塞；7.gasket衬垫；8.drain pulley放油螺塞2.2.3Piston (1)活塞 （1）211.piston skirt（body，barrel）活塞裙部；2.oil ring groove（slot）油环槽；3.second（No.2）ring grooveslot第二道环槽；4.top（No.1）ring groove（slot）第一道环槽；5.ring belt，ring zone活塞环(分布)带；6.heat dam热坝，隔热槽；7.groove-bottom diameter槽底直径；8.land diameter，ring landdiameter环岸直径；9.top（No.1）land，fire（head）land第一环岸，火力岸；10.secondNO.2land第二环岸；11.third land第三环岸；12.ringgroovebottom槽底；13.oil drain（return）hole，oil returnpassage回油孔；14.bevel斜角；15.skirt ringgrooveslot(活塞)裙部环槽；16.chamfer bevel圆角，倒角；17.ring-groove pad环槽加厚部，环槽基底；18.head，crown，top，roof顶(部)，头(部)，piston head（crown，top，roof）活塞顶；19.ring-groove side环槽侧面；20.pin boss活塞销孔凸台；21.pin hole，gudgeon（piston，wrist）hole活塞销孔；22.bottom rib(活塞裙郎)底肋；23.groove width(活塞)槽高；24.T-slot，T-shaped slotT形槽，T-slot pistonT形槽活塞；25.U-slot U形槽；26.vertical slot直槽；27.skirt relief裙部凹口；28.horizontal slot水平切槽；29.piston pin，gudgeon pin，wrist pin，22pin活塞销；30.major diameter大直径；31.minor diameter小直径；32.slipper，slipper skirt(活塞)拖板，滑座；33.major thrustface主承推面；34.groove depth，depth ofgroove（活塞环)槽深；35.land clearance岸隙；36.minor thrustface次承推面(传递小侧压力面)；37.full slipper piston，slipper（-skirt）piston全拖板式活寒2.2.4Piston (2)活塞 (2)231a.full-skirt piston全裙式活塞；1b.half-slipperpiston半拖板式活塞；2.heat-proof slots隔热槽；3.fiber reinforcedmetal纤维增强金属；4.steel insert钢镶片，steel piston insert活塞钢镶片，invar insert恒范钢镶片，殷钢镶片，strip insertsfor expansioncontrol控制膨胀镶片，invar strutpiston恒范钢镶片活塞，autothermic piston热膨胀自动调节式活塞(此时镶片为低碳钢)；5a.valve relief(活塞上防干涉)气门凹坑；5b.piston relief（recess）活塞凹坑；6.multi-piece oil-cooled piston多件式油冷活塞；7.flat head（top，crown，poof）平顶；8.cup depth杯深；9.cup（dish）head（top，crown，roof）杯形顶，dish piston皿形(顶)活塞；10.home head（top，crown，roof）圆顶；11.home height圆顶高度，凸高；12.hump head（top，crown，roof），convex head（top，crown，roof），hump（convex）piston head（top，crown，roof）凸顶；13.contour head（top，crown，roof）异形顶；14.concave head（top，crown，roof）凹顶；15.step head（top，crown，roof）台阶顶；16.piston headwith bustionchamber带燃烧室的活塞顶；17.pistoninsert活塞环槽镶圈，top ringinsert头道环槽镶圈，Ni-resist insert耐蚀高镍铸铁镶圈；18.cooling gallery，cooling passage冷却槽通道；19.oil nozzle机油喷嘴；20.main oilgallery（channel）主油道；21.check valve单向阀2.2.5Piston RingNomenchature活塞环专门术语A.free ring，unstressed ring自由状态环；B.closed ring工作状态环；C.ring clearance环间隙；D.typesofring gap，joint ringend gaptypes环的切口形式；1.ring face，ring periphery，ring workingface环(工作)表面，环外表面；2.back ofthe ring环后部；3.ring width环高度；4.side face侧面；5.peripheral edge外棱；6.inside surface内表面；7.radial wallthickness，radial thickness径向宽度；8.total freegap总自由间隙；9.closed gap，end clearance，end play，24pressed gap开口间隙，端隙；10.nominal ringdiameter环标称直径；11.side clearance，side play，land clearance侧隙；12.groove width槽高；13.radial clearance，back clearance背隙；14.groove rootdiameter槽底直径； 15、16.pression ring，p.ring，gas(-tight)ring气环，压缩环；15.top(upper)pression ring，top ring，No.1pression ring第一道气环，上压缩环；16.second(pression)ring，2nd(pression)ring，lower pressionring第二道气环，第二道压缩环；17.oil(control)ring油环；18.butt joint平切口；19.beveled joint，diagonal joint斜切口45angle joint45切口；20.step joint阶梯状切口2.2.6Piston Ring活塞环形式1.rectangular ring，plain(piston)ring矩形环，uncoated ring无镀层环；2.keystone ring，wedge sectionring，full keystonering梯(楔)形环；3.half keystonering半梯(楔)形环； 4、5.scraper ring刮油环，外下部凹切环；4.stepped scraperring阶梯状切口刮油环；5.Napier ring，Napier scraperring鼻型环纳尔比环；6.slotted oil ring开槽油环；7.bevelled edge oil control25ring倒角油环；8.coil(spring)loaded slottedoil control ring螺旋弹簧加压开槽油环；9.coil springloaded bevelededgeoil control ring螺旋弹簧加压倒角油环；10.coil springloaded doublebeveled oilcontrol ring螺旋弹簧加压双倒角油环；11.expander/segment oilcontrolring，posite typeoilcontrolring，steel stripposite typeoil ring钢片组合式油环，胀簧刮片式油环，multi-piece oilring多件式油环，three pieceoilring三件式油环；11a.side rail侧环片，segment挂片，conformable rail贴合环片，chromium-plated rail镀铬的环片，top ring上环片，bottom ring下环片；11b.expander衬簧，axial-radial springexpander轴向-径向弹簧式胀簧，expander-spacer轴向-径向胀簧；12.barrell(ed)face ring桶面环；13.taper faced ring锥面环；14.internal beveltop ring内上棱斜切环，Positive twisttype正扭曲型；1417.twist(torsional)ring扭曲型；15.internal steptop ring内上棱阶梯切槽环； 14、15.positive twisttype正扭曲型；16.internal bevelbottom ring内上棱阶梯切槽环；17.internal stepbottom ring内下棱阶梯切槽环； 16、17.negative twisttype反扭曲型；18.inside edgeschamfered ring内棱倒角环；19.outside edgeschamfered ring外棱倒角环；20.inside andoutside edgeschamfered ring内外棱倒角环；2123.coated ring有镀层环；21.coated fullyfacedring表面全镀环，chromium-plated ring，chrome-plated ring，chromed(piston)ring表面镀铬气环，porous-chrome ring多孔镀铬环；22.semi-inlaid(filled)ring两半填充环，molybdenum-filled inlayring，molybdenum coatedring，molybedeum ring表面填（镶）钼环，喷钼环；23.inlaid ring填充环；24.joint withside notch带侧切口开口；25.joint withinternal notch带内切口开口2.2.7Con Rod=ConnectingRod连杆1.small end,top end（连杆）小头；2.connecting rodshank连杆杆身；3.big end,bottom end26(连杆)大头； 4、6.con rodbolt连杆螺栓；5.connecting rodcap连杆大头盖；6.detent arrangement锁紧件锁止装置；7.serrated joint锯齿式切口；8.locating pin定位销； 9、10.connecting rodbearing halfshell连杆轴瓦；11.piston pinbush(ing)活塞销衬套；12.oil hole油孔；13.annular oilgroove环形油槽；14.connecting rodnut连杆螺母；15.locking lip,locating lug(tang)定位凸键2.2.8Crankshaft andFlywheel曲轴和飞轮1.timing gear正时齿轮；2.crankshaft曲轴； 3、10.main bearinghalfshell(upper,lower)主轴承(上、下)轴瓦；4.bolt螺栓；5.nut螺母；6.flywheel gear ring飞轮齿圈； 7、9.mainshaft bearingcap主轴承盖；8.thrust washer止推垫圈2.2.9Crankshaft曲轴1.crankshaft frontend曲轴前端；2.main journal主轴颈；3.crank pin曲柄销；4.crank web曲柄臂；5.balance weight平衡质量；6.retainer oil seal groove挡油环油槽272.2.10Built-up Crankshaft组合式曲轴1.starting jaw起动爪；2.crankshaft pulley曲轴带轮；3.crankshaft frontend曲轴前端；4.rolling bearing滚动轴承；5.retaining bolt固定螺栓；6.crank曲柄；7.gearring齿圈；8.flywheel飞轮；9.after endcollar后端凸缘；10.lock plate锁片；11.spit ring挡油圈；12.dowel pin定位销2.3Valve Mechanism配气机构2.3.1Single OverheadCamshaft单顶置凸轮轴1.exhaust valve排气门； 2、4.rocker arm摇臂；3.cam凸轮；5.intake valve进气门2.3.2Underneath CamshaftOverhead Valve下置凸轮轴顶置式气门281.camshaft凸轮轴；2.tappet(s)挺杆；3.pushrod推杆；4.rocker shaft摇臂轴；5.check nut锁紧螺母；6.adjuster调整螺钉；7.rocker arm摇臂；8.valve collet气门锁夹；9.valve springretainer气门弹簧座；10.valve spring气门弹簧；11.valve guide气门导管；12.valve气门；13.valve seat气门座2.3.3Valve气门1.valve气门；2.valve collet气门锁夹； 3、7.valve springretainer气门弹簧座；4.气门弹29簧valve spring；5.oil seal油封；6.valve guide气门导管2.3.4Rocker-arm MountingStructure摇臂支架结构 1、9.rocker arm摇臂； 2、12.rocker-arm support摇臂轴座；3.rocker seat screw摇臂轴座螺杆；4.rocker bush(ing)摇臂衬套；5.spring seat弹簧垫圈； 6、7.nut螺母；8.rocker-arm spring定位弹簧；10.adjust screw调整螺钉；11.locknut锁止螺母；13.oil duct油道；14.oilseal油封；15.bolt螺栓；16.rocker shaft摇臂轴；17.washer垫圈；18.snap ring挡圈；19.bowl cap碗形盖2.4Fuel System供油系统2.4.1Diesel EngineFuel System柴油机供油系统Fuel SystemPrinciple燃油供给系统原理301.injector喷油器；2.fuel fine柴油细滤器；3.injection pump喷油泵；4.injection timing device喷油提前器；5.fuel feedpump输油泵；6ernor Governor(s)调速器；7.oil waterseparator油水分离器；8.fuel tank燃油箱；9.pressure pipe高压油管；10.return pipe回油管；11.leak-off pipe溢流回油管；12.pressure regulator压力调节器Hole TypeNozzle孔式喷嘴311.leak-off connection回油接头； 2、18.shim垫片；3.protective nut保护螺母； 4、6.washer垫圈；5.adjust screw调整螺钉；6.pressure-adjusting shim调压垫片；7.pressure spring调压弹簧；8.tappet挺杆；9.nozzle holder喷油器体；10.nozzle(retaining)nut喷油嘴固定螺母；11.needle valve喷油器针阀；12.nozzle body针阀体；13.nozzle holderbody喷油嘴体；14.locating pin(plug)定位销；15.inlet adaptor进油管接头；16.high pressurepipe connection高压油管接头；17.edge filter缝隙式滤清器；19.protective sleeve保护套Pintle TypeNozzle轴针式喷嘴321.pressure spring调压弹簧；2.tappet挺杆；3.nozzle holder喷油器体；4.nozzle body针阀体；5.needle针阀；6.nozzle(retaining)nut喷油嘴固定螺母；7.inlet adaptor进油管接头；8.edge filter缝隙式滤清器；9.washer垫圈；10.adjust screw调整螺钉；11.protective nut保护螺母；12.leak-off connection回油接头Jerk FuelInjection Pump柱塞式喷油泵331.control pinion调节齿圈；2.control rack（供油量）调节齿杆；3.delivery.valve holder出油阀压紧座；4.delivery valvespring出油阀弹簧；5.delivery valve出油阀；6.delivery valveseat出油阀座；7.barrel柱塞套；8.slight pressurechamber低压油腔；9.seatscrew定位螺钉；10.plunger柱塞；11.tightening screw(齿圈)紧固螺钉；12.control sleeve(油量)调节套筒； 13、15.spring seat弹簧座；14.plunger return spring柱塞弹簧；16.adjuster(供油定时)调节螺钉；17.roller tappet滚轮式挺柱；18.roller pin滚轮销；19.roller滚轮；20.camshaft凸轮轴；21.cam凸轮；22.pump body泵体；23.protective cap保护帽；24.joint slack联轴器； 25、26.bearing轴承Delivery Valve出油阀341.delivery valveseat出油阀座；2.delivery valve出油阀；3.sealing cone密封锥面；4.retraction piston减压环带；5.guide导向体；6.delivery valveflute出油阀切槽；7.seal ring密封垫；8.delivery valvevolume reducer减容体；9.delivery valvespring出油阀弹簧；10.delivery valve holder(carrier,support)出油阀紧座Distributor-Type（Fuel-）Injection Pump分配式喷油泵A.fuel supply燃油供给；B.return lio fuel tank至燃油箱的回油管；C.to injectionnozzle至喷油器；1vane-type supply pump滑片式输油泵；2governor drive调速器驱动装置；3timingdevice,timing control,injectionadvance mechanism(device)喷油提前器，正时装置；435cam disc,plate cam,disk cam凸轮盘；5spill ring溢流环；6distributor plunger,distributor-pump分配柱塞；7delivery valve,check valve出油阀；8fuel shutoffsolenoid电磁断油阀；9governor levermechanism(drive)调速器杠杆机构；10overflow throttle溢流节流孔；11mechanical shutoffdevice机械式断油装置；12governer spring调速器弹簧；13speed-control lever(发动机)转速控制杆，control lever控制杆；14control sleeve控制套筒，timing sleeve(collar)正时套筒；15flyweight,centrifugal weight提前器飞锤,离心重块；16pressure-control valve压力调节阀；17drive shaft驱动轴Fuel ControlMechanism油量调节机构（a）rack fuelcontrol mechanism齿杆式油量调节机构；（b）fork controlmechanism拨叉式油量调节机构；1.plunger柱塞；2.control sleeve控制套筒；3.control pinion调节齿圈；4.control rack调节齿杆；5.barrel柱塞套；6.control rod调节拉杆；7.control fork调节叉；8.tightening screw紧固螺钉；9.control arm调节臂RQ andRSV TypesGovernor RQ和RSV型调速器36.RQ minimum-maximum-speed governorRQ型两极式调速器；.RSV variable-speed governorRSV型全程式调速器；A.start起动；B.stop停止；1.pump plunger柱塞；2.control rack调节齿杆；3.full-load stop全负荷限制器；4.control lever控制杠杆；5.injection-pump camshaft喷油泵凸轮轴；6.flyweight提前器飞锤；7ernor spring调速弹簧；8.sliding bolt滑动杆；9.maximum-speed stop最高转速限制器；10.start(ing)spring起动弹簧；11.stop oridle stop断油或怠速限制器；12.auxiliary idle spring怠速辅助弹簧；13.torque-control spring转矩控制弹簧RAD Minimum-Maximum-Speed GovernorRAD型两极式调速器371.stroke adjustingscrew行程调节螺钉；2.idlespring,idling spring怠速弹簧；3.guide lever导动杠杆；4.adjusting spring调节弹簧；5.adjusting speedbolt调速螺栓；6.drag rod,drag link,pull-rod拉杆；7.control rack调节齿杆；8.speed control lever,adjusting speedlever调速杠杆；9ernor spring调速弹簧；10.floating lever浮动杠杆；11.injection-pump camshaft喷油泵凸轮；12.controllever控制杠杆；13.support lever支承杆；14.flyweight提前器飞锤,飞锤0Mechanical Add-on Equipmentsof Governor (1)调速器机械式附加装置 （1）38A.manifold-pressure pensator增压补偿器；B.altitude-pressure pensator海拔(高度)补偿器；1.supporting point支点；2.feed incrementdirection增加供给方向；3.control rack调节齿杆；4.boost feedfuel stroke增压供油行程；5.lever arm杠杆臂；6.diaphragm膜片；7.boost pressure connection增压进气压力接头；8.spring弹簧；9.adjustment washer调节垫片；10.push rod推杆；11.pressure capsule压力膜盒；12.altitude-pressureconnection大气压力接头1Mechanical Add-on Equipmentsof Governor (2)调速器机械式附加装置 （2）A.temperature-dependent startingdevice热敏起动装置；B.control rack-travel sensor调节齿杆行程传感器；C.injection timingdevice(mechanism)喷油提前器,(喷射)正时器；D.port-closing sensor油口关闭传感器(直列式喷油泵)；D1.measurement withsensor传感器计量；D2.blocking position锁定位置；1.control rack调节齿杆；2.start-quantity stopwith expansionelement带膨胀元件的起动油量限制器；3.laminated(iron)core层叠铁心；4.reference coil参照线圈；5.fixed short-circuiting ring固定短路环；6.measuring coil测量线圈；7.moving short-circuiting ring移动短路环；8.flyweight,timer flyweight提前器飞锤；9.advance devicespring提前器弹簧；10.fuel injectionpump camshaft喷油泵凸轮轴；11.sensor传感器；12.blocking pin锁定销2Diesel ElectronicControl System柴油机电子控制系391.intake airflow进气气流；2.T/C:turbocharger涡轮增压器；3.exhaust gasflow排气气流；4.I/C:intercooler中冷器；5.intake shutter进气活门；6.intake(air)heater进气加热器，预热器，glow plug电热塞；7.intake airtemperature sensor进气温度传感器；8.atmosphere pressure sensor大气压力传感器；9.EGR flow排气再循环气流；10.EGR valveEGR阀，排气再循环阀；11.injected volume喷射体积，喷油量；12.injected timing喷射正时；13.revolution pulse转动脉冲；14.bustion temperature燃烧温度；15.PROM=programmable readonly memory(corrective information)可编程只读存储器(校正信息)；16.aelerator sensor加速踏板传感器；17.crank anglesensor，CKP sensor=crankshaft position sensor曲轴转角(位置)传感器；18.other sensorsignals其它传感器信号；19.intake airtemperature进气温度；20.atmospheric pressure大气压力；21.water temperature水温；22.vehicle speed车速；23.pressure sensor压力传感器；ECU=electronic controlunit电子控制模块；EDU=electronic driveunit电子驱动模块；E-VRV=electronic-vacuum regulatorvalve电子真空调节阀；VSV=vacuum switchingvalve真空开关(转换)阀3Electronically ControlledUnit-Injector Injection System电子控制泵-喷嘴喷射系统401.fuel tank燃油箱；2.primary gauzefilter初级滤网式过滤器；3.hand primer手压泵，手动泵；4.overflow valve回油阀，溢流阀；5.plunger body柱塞体，Pump body泵体；6.plunger柱塞；7.plunger supportguide柱塞支承导管；8.return spring(柱塞)回位弹簧；9.camshaft凸轮轴；10.roller滚子；11.rocker-arm摇臂；12.rocker-shaft摇臂轴；13.spill solenoid溢流电磁线圈；14.disc armature衔铁盘；15.solenoid-vale needle电磁阀针阀，spill controlvale溢流控制阀；16.sensor传感器；17.camshaft凸轮轴；18.unit injector，pump/injector unit泵.喷嘴；19.overflow gallery溢流油道；20.fuel feedgallery燃油供给油道；21.solenoid spillvalve电磁溢流阀；22.bleed port排出口；23.feed hole供油孔；24.cap nut盖形螺母；25.needle valve针阀；26.nozzle body针阀体；27.fuel gallery油道；28.gear feedpump齿轮式输油泵；29.control spring控制弹簧；30.feed port供油口；31.fuel filter燃油滤清器；ECU=electronic controlunit电子控制装置4Electronically ControlledUnit InjectorCommon-Rail Injection System电子控制式泵-喷嘴共轨喷射系统411.camshaft ofhigh-pre