基础护理学PPT课件.ppt

静脉输液IntravenousInfusion 主讲人 苏小莉制作人 杨群李美静秦学汪田田胡泉东刘慧娟高婷 1 KeyWords IntravenousInfusion TherapyCrystalloidsolutionColloidalsolutionSalinesolutionMultipleelectrolytesolutionIsotonic Hypotonic HypertonicsolutionMediancubitalveinBasilicveinCephalicveinVenipuncture 2 Contents DefinitionObjectiveTypesofsolutionsTheprinciplesofgivingsolutionsVenipunctureveins 3 Definition Itisanefficientandeffectivemethodofsupplyingfluidsdirectlyintotheextracellularfluidcompartment specificallythevenoussystem 4 静脉输液是指将大量无菌溶液或药物直接输入静脉的治疗方法 5 DefinitionObjectiveTypesofsolutionsTheprinciplesofgivingsolutionsVenipunctureveins 6 Objectives Tosupplyfluidswhenpatientsareunabletotakeadequatefluidsbymouth suchasamouthoperationclient Toprovidesaltsneededtomaintainelectrolytebalance Toprovideglucose 葡萄糖 themainfuelformetabolism Toprovidesomewater solublevitamins suchasacomapatient Totreatdiseasesbygivingsomemedicine 7 DefinitionObjectiveTypesofsolutionsTheprinciplesofgivingsolutionsVenipunctureveins 8 Typesofsolutions Crystalloidsolution 晶体溶液 Ithaslightmolecularweight thelastingtimeinthebloodvesselisshort Itcancorrecttheelectrolyteimbalance suchastheglucoseandthehypertonicsolution 9 NutrientsolutionIntravenousnutrientsolutionssupplythesecaloriesintheformofcarbohydrate nitrogen 氮 andvitamins allofwhichareessentialtometabolism 新陈代谢 Glucoseandaminoacidsareusedgenerally 10 DefinitionObjectiveTypesofsolutionsTheprinciplesofgivingsolutionsVenipunctureveins 11 Theprinciplesofgivingsolutions 输入溶液的种类和量应根据患者体内水 电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱的程度来确定 通常遵循 先晶后胶 先盐后糖 宁酸勿碱 和 宁少勿多 的原则 输液后 当尿量增加到40ml h时 则需要补钾 补钾应遵循 四不宜 原则 不宜过浓 浓度不超过0 3 不宜过快 不超过20mmol h 不宜过多 成人每日不超过5g 小儿0 1 0 3g kg体重 不宜过早 见尿后补钾 12 DefinitionObjectiveTypesofsolutionsTheprinciplesofgivingsolutionsVenipunctureveins 13 Venipunctureveins 穿刺部位 周围浅静脉手臂静脉网是成人输液的首选部位 肘正中静脉贵要静脉可用来采集血标本或进行PICC 头皮静脉常用于小儿的静脉输液 锁骨下静脉和颈外静脉常用于进行中心静脉插管 14 Mediancubitalvein尺静脉 Basilicvein手臂静脉 15 16 老年人和儿童避开易活动或凸起的静脉避开皮肤表面有感染 渗出或血栓的部位避免使用血管透析的端口或瘘管的端口长期输液 应注意有计划地更换输液部位 以保护静脉 选择穿刺部位时应注意的问题 17 静脉输液视频 18 19 Colloidalsolution 胶体溶液 Itcanmaintaintheplasmacolloidosmoticpressureandincreasethebloodvolumetoimprovethebloodpressure Someofthemincludingthebloodvolumeexpanders 20 血液制品 21 NutrientsolutionIntravenousnutrientsolutionssupplythesecaloriesintheformofcarbohydrate nitrogen 氮 andvitamins allofwhichareessentialtometabolism 新陈代谢 Glucoseandaminoacidsareusedgenerally 22 23 DefinitionObjectiveTypesofsolutionsTheprinciplesofgivingsolutionsVenipunctureveins 24 Colloidalsolution 胶体溶液 Itcanmaintaintheplasmacolloidosmoticpre