广州英语七年级第二学期UNIT1-4知识梳理.doc

七年级第二学期（Unit 1Unit 4）基础自测一、词汇拓展1.central(adj.)_(n.)中心2.relax(v.)_(adj.)让人放松的_(adj.)（人）感到放松的3.limited(adj.)_(v.)限制_(n.)限制，限度4.interview(v.)_(n.)采访_(n.)采访者5.danger(n.)_(adj.)危险的_(adj.)（反义词）安全的6.reason(n.)_(adj.)合理的7.describe(v.)_(n.)描述8.disability(n.)_(adj.)残疾的，丧失能力的9.seriously(adv.)_(adj.)严重的10.explanation(n.)_(v.)解释；说明11.careful(adj.)_(adj.)（反义词）粗心的12.imagine(v.)_(n.)想象；设想二、短语归纳 1.如今；而今 2.黄昏后；天黑后 3.出国_ 4.砍掉_5.关心_ 6.出现_7.不少；相当多 8.在某种程度上_9.确保 10.关掉（开关）_11.take part in . 12.from place to place 13.communicate with_ 14.do ones best to. _15.stop . from doing . _ 16.in ones opinion_17.be connected to_ 18.on the safe side_19.answer the telephone_ 20.lean out of_要点聚焦一、词汇精讲1.send n. 文化课文：When we go abroad on holiday, we often send postcards to our friends at home. 当出国度假时，我们经常给国内的朋友们寄明信片。拓展：send word 带信send for help 求救 send letter off 寄信send it out 分发Have the invitations been sent out yet?请柬分发出去了没有？活学巧用：用适当的介词填空：Im sending the E-mail _ to my boss tomorrow.When you are in danger, it is better to send _ help.Every day, so many ads are sent _.2.produce v. 生产；产出课文：Stop factories from producing harmful gas, plant more trees, and make classrooms less noisy. 阻止工厂生产有毒气体，种植更多的树和减少教室噪音。拓展：produce goods 生产商品 production line 生产线 highly productive 高产量的 movie producer 电影制片人 辨析：produce, product produce尤指农产品，也包括其他种植或制造的产品； product 指制造或制造的产品；活学巧用：用produce的适当形式填空：. of the new goods will start next year.My father is a movie .My car BMW is in Germany.3.damage v. 损害；破坏课文：Two rooms were damaged and many others were full of water, but no one was seriously hurt. 两间房被损坏，许多房子充满了水，但没有损坏严重的。辨析：damage, hurt, harm, injure damage只是针对物的伤害，即其对象一般为事物。伤害不是彻底的，是可以恢复的。 hurt指对身体或感情的伤害。可以做动词或名词。 harm指各种各样的伤害，是不可数名词。常用搭配do harm to.和be harmful to.。 injury指意外事故对人体造成的伤害，比如伤到腿脚、手等。 The tree was damaged by the sandstorm. 树在沙尘暴中受了损坏。 He hurt my heart deeply. 他深深地伤了我的心。 Air pollution is harmful to our city. 空气污染对城市有害。 I am injured by a knife. 我被刀划伤了。活学巧用：( )Smoking seriously your health. A.damagesB.hurts C.injuries D.harmful to4.advice n. 忠告；建议课文：Here are three of them, and advice on their use. 这是其中的三个和它们的使用说明。拓展：give advice 提供咨询 follow doctors advice 遵从医嘱 a piece of advice 一条忠告辨析：advice, suggestion advice表示“忠告、意见、指点”，是指具有丰富的知识、足够的经验、正确的判断 和明智的观点的人对另一个人的“劝告”或“见解”。既可以是对严肃的事情，也 可以是对琐碎的事情提出意见。 suggestion表示“意见、建议、提议”，特指为了改进或解决某一问题而提出建议， 办法等，但不一定正确，仅供参考。语气比advice客气、委婉。 The trip was made at his teachers suggestion. 这次旅行是由他的老师建议组织的。 I want to give you a little advice on your work. 我想就这工作给你提出一点小建议。活学巧用：我想知道是否我可以得到你的指点。 你有什么建议吗？ 5.invention n. 发明；创意课文：Electricity is said to be one of the greatest invention in human history. 电被认为是人类史上最伟大的发明之一。辨析：invention, discovery invention意为发明出世界上不存在的新事物； discovery意为发现了世上本就存在但未被人发现的事物； Edison has many inventions. 爱迪生有很多发明。 The discovery of oil on their land made the family rich. 这家人因在自己的土地上发现了石油而发了财。活学巧用：( )Fax machines are a wonderful , isnt it? Yes, I think so. A. invent B.invention C.discovery D.discover6.electric adj. 电的；用电的课文：It cooks food in electric cookers and heats it in microwaves. 在电炉灶里烹饪食物，在微波炉里加温。拓展：electric light 电灯 electric switch 开关 electric blanket 电热毯 electrician n. 电工 electricity n. 电能，电 The electricity is off. 停电了辨析：electric, electricalelectric 意为“靠电来工作的，导电的，发电的”；electrical意为“电学的，与电有关的”；活学巧用：通过学习有关电学的知识，他知道了如何换电灯泡。_二、语块积累go skiing 滑雪live in the old castles住在古老的城堡里take a long time花很长时间put them carefully into the river将它们小心翼翼地放入河中 watch them sail away看着它们飘远give out harmful gases 释放有害气体make a lot of noisy制造很多噪音a lot of traffic on the road道路交通堵塞take part in a tree-planting campaign 参加一个植树活动protect our environment 保护环境throw any rubbish onto the ground 随地扔垃圾make classrooms less noisy 减少教室噪音 make a difference产生重要影响collect all the information收集所有信息the window of the soul心灵之窗have a good sense of smell 拥有一个好的嗅觉look for a job 求职communication with each other 互相交流 enjoy yourself玩的开心，过得愉快with a big smile on the face面带笑容make our lives easier是我们的生活更便易a series of lines 一系列的台词put yours toys away first 首先收起你的玩具put the meat in the fridge 将肉放入冰箱三、句型突破1.Many people go to France to shop, but you can buy French things anywhere in the world. 很多人去法国购物，但是你却可以在世界任何地方买到法国产品。点津：本句中but为表示转折的连词。其前后的句意存在转折关系。常用的连词还有：and表示并列；so表示结果等。 Monitor is not cleverest, but he works hardest of all the students. 班长不是最聪明的，但他是所有学生中学习最用功的。活学巧用：我很喜欢数学和英语，但我却不喜欢自然科学。_2.Ted is playing volleyball with Carol. 泰迪正在和凯罗打排球。点津：本句使用了现在进行时。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或者表示现阶段一直进行的动作，但说话人不一定正在进行。常与now，at present等时间状语连用。 My uncle is attending a meeting in Beijing at present. 目前，我叔叔正在北京参加一个会议。活学巧用：( )The children _ a fine song now. A.is singing B.are singing C.was singing D.were singing3.We should proud of ourselves. 我们应该以我们自己为自豪。点津：本句中“ourselves”为we的反身代词。反身代词有数和人称的变化，通常在句子做动词或介词的宾语、表语等。You must look after yourself. 你必须照顾自己。活学巧用：我尽力使自己的话被人听懂。 4.May they come in? 他们可以进来吗？点津：may为情态动词。表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。回答may引起的问句时，否 定形式用mustnt或had better not。 may not比明确的表示禁止的mustnt 较为委婉。 May I turn on the TV? Youd better not. The baby is sleeping in the next room. 我可以打开电视机吗？ 你最好不要，孩子在隔壁房间睡觉。活学巧用：( )May I smoke here? No, you . A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.shouldnt易错防范一、现在进行时与一般现在时典例呈现( )We a talk now. A.have B.has C.are having D.had【答案】C【易错剖析】此题易受标志词now的影响，将现在进行时认为是一般现在时而误选A项。此处now仅仅表示时间是现在，而非过去或将来，now恰恰是现在进行时的时间状语标志。h小贴士h 在解题时，要注意区分现在进行时和一般现在时。前者着眼于描述动作，即描述暂时性的情景、活动或发生的事情；后者着眼于说明事理、陈述情况。例如：She is reading the newspaper. 她正在看报纸。 She reads the newspaper every day. 她每天看报纸。二、can和be able to典例呈现( ) Will you come my party tonight? A.be able to B.can C. are able to D.was able to 【答案】A【易错剖析】对情态动词词义和用法理解掌握不到位，容易因为只看到情态动词can和be able to都意为“可以，能”而误选。h小贴士hcan 和be able to都表示“可以，能够”，在表示能力的时候，两者意思上没有差别，但can只有现在式和过去式。另外，在表示成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用can而用be able to，意为“经过一番努力，终于能够”。三、must和have to典例呈现( )We think about the whole thing, because of bad weather. A.must B.can C.have to D.cant【答案】C【易错剖析】易因只看到情态动词must和have to都意为“必须，不得不”而误选A项。由“because of bad weather”可知，是客观原因（天气）迫使我们不得不重新考虑所有事情，而非我们的主观看法。h小贴士h must 和have to都表示“必须，不得不”，但must表示的是说话人主观的看法；而have to表示的却是客观需要。巩固训练一、单项选择( )1.Three days ago, my father bought a new bike. A.me B.I C.my D.mine( )2.Many people remember what they are doing when the big event . A.grows B.is gone C.disappears D.happens( )3.I think can repair the bike all by . A.she; her B.her;herself C.he;himself D.his;himself( )4.Why didnt you _ to get on the subway? I tried to, but it started moving I could get on it. A.try your best; before B.try you best; after C.try your best; since D.try you best, if ( )5.I got up very early this morning, _ I didnt catch the first bus. A.and B.but C.or D.so( )6.The fans were _ to know the death of their favourite singing star Whitney Huston. A.gladB.angryC.excitedD.surprised( )7.Another cup of tea? No,thanks. I _ be off now. Mary is waiting for me. A.can B.may C.must D.might( )8.According to the traffic laws, drivers _ drive cars after drinking wine. A.mustnt B.neednt C.ought to D.may not( )9.Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow. Yes, Id love to. But it _now. A. will rain B. rainedC. rains D. is raining( )10.Mum, what are you cooking? It smells so _. Oh, cheese cake, of course! I know you enjoy _ it. A. good; eat B. well; eating C. well; to eatD. good; eating 二、单词拼写1.Mr. Wang has a big c_ of old books.2.I tried to w_ him, but he wouldnt listen.3.O_ the desk, there