江苏版七年级上学期英语课堂笔记.doc

everyone相当于everybody，后面所跟谓语动词应为单数Is everyone here today ?Everyone likes watching TV .everyone与否定词连用表示部分否定。Everyone cant be a singer . 并不是每个人都能成为歌手everyone与everybody只能指人，不能指物，后面不能接表示范围的of短语every one可以指人，也能指物，后面可接表示范围的of短语Every one of the windows is open .used to do sth. 过去常常做某事be used to do sth. 被用于做某事He used to get up early . 过去他经常早起The meat is used to feed the tigers . 肉被用来喂老虎be后面一般跟四种形式：名词，表示是什么；形容词，表示状态或者态度；动词ing，表示动作正在进行的动作；动词过去分词被动语态He is a student .He is very happy .The window is broken .大部分动词过去式与过去分词相同，少部分不同：He broke the window yesterday .be动词在一般疑问句的肯定回答中不能缩写Yes , hes . () Yes , he is . ()grade也可表示“等级、成绩”She got good grades . 她取得了好成绩over adv. 超过；遍及；翻倒；结束There are over fifty students in Class 6 . 六班有五十多名学生We have friends all over the world . 我们的朋友遍天下Dont knock over the glasses . 不要把那些玻璃杯子打翻了Class is over . 下课了look、see、watch、read的区别look指集中注意力地看，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；如果跟宾语，要和at连用。例如：Look ! Tom is over there . 看！汤姆在那儿Look at the blackboard , please . 请看黑板see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见、看到”。例如：How many birds can you see in the tree ? 你能看到树上有多少只鸟儿？watch强调“专注地看”，有欣赏的意味，常用于看电视、看球赛等。例如：Do you watch TV at night ? 你晚上看电视吗？read指“看”时实指“阅读”，常用于看书、看报等。例如：I like reading at home . 我喜欢在家看书put on、dress、wear、have on、in的用法小结put on、dress、wear、have on、in都含有“穿、戴”之意，但用法不同。put on、dress主要表示动作；wear、have on、in主要表示状态。put on“穿上、戴上”，强调“穿”“戴”的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。例如：Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服”。dress oneself表示给自己穿衣服。My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。be dressed in 的意思是“穿着”，表示状态。She is dressed in a fur coat. 她穿着毛皮大衣。wear“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物等。例如：Why does he often wear dark glasses? 他为什么经常戴着深色的眼镜？have on的意思是“穿着，戴着”，例如：Ill have on black pants tomorrow . 明天我会穿一条黑色的长裤。in后接表示衣服或颜色的词，所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。例如：This is a picture of a young man in a black coat .这是一张穿着黑色外套的年轻人的照片。（in a black coat是young man的定语）walk to 后面如果接副词，则省略to；例如：walk home、walk therelisten是指听的过程：听；hear是指听的结果：听见make sb. / sth. + adj.（形容词） 使某人 / 某物 The news makes us very happy .sometime 某个时候some time 一段时间sometimes 有时Come to see you sometime . 某个时候来看你We lived in the country for some time . 我们在农村住过一段时间He sometimes writes to me . 他有时写信给我fun是不可数名词，没有复数形式I go to Shanghai only four times .How many times do you go to Shanghai ?She comes to our class three times a week .How often does she come to your class ?favourite 用作形容词时，没有比较级、最高级favourite = like bestWhat / How about ? （你觉得）怎么样？Why not do ？ 为什么不做呢？Shall we do ？ 我们做怎么样？Lets do , shall we ？ 我们做，怎么样？What / How about a glass of milk ?What / How about going fishing this afternoon ?Why not go fishing this afternoon ?Shall we go fishing this afternoon ?Lets go fishing this afternoon , shall we ？else 可以带s所有格形式This is someone elses book . 这是其他某个人的书动名词做主语表示抽象动作；不定式做主语表示具体动作Smoking is prohibited（禁止） here .It is not very good for you to smoke so much .be free to do sth. 自由做某事be free of sth. 远离；免于Nick is free to go into the teachers office. 尼克可以自由进入教师的办公室。The area will be free of pollution by the year 2020 . 这个地区2020年将远离污染。今天是几月几号？Whats the date today ? = Whats todays date ? = What date is it today ?今天星期几？What day is it today ? = What day is today ?几点钟了？What time is it ? = Whats the time ?- Whats the date today ? -Its 1 October .- What day is it today ? -Its Friday .- What time is it ? -Its seven oclock .there be = have / hasThere are five rooms in the house . = The house has five rooms .on the wall 在墙上（在墙表面）in the wall 在墙上（在墙体内部）There is a picture on the wall .There is a window in the wall .get to 到达（后接地点）reach、arrive、get to的区别reach是及物动词，后面无须介词。arrive、get to是不及物动词；arrive后面跟at或in。如果后面是副词，arrive、get to省略介词（省略at、in、to）。Please get here at six .borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物Can I borrow a book from you ?辨别：May I borrow the book for two weeks ? ()May I keep the book for two weeks ? ()be interested in sth. 对某事感兴趣be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣take a bus to = go by bus（某人）花费时间做某事It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. = Sb. spend some time doing sth.every day 每天（是一般现在时的标志）He does his homework every day .study与learn的区别：learn学习，学会（强调学习的结果）study学习，研究（强调学习的过程）listen to与hear的区别：hear听见，听到（强调听的结果）listen to注意听（强调听的动作）I would = Id You would = Youdwould like 想would like to do sth. 想要做某事would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事Would you like to dance with me ?肯定回答： Yes , Id love to . 否定回答： No , thank you . / No , I cant .so + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 的确如此So he will / is . 的确如此in front of 在前面（外面）in the front of 在前面（内部）单数人称代词按“231”排序；复数人称代词按“123”排序：You , he and I We , you and theyfew / a few修饰可数名词，后面接可数名词的复数形式；little / a little修饰不可数名词。few / little几乎没有，表示否定；a few / a little几个、一些，表示肯定。It is from (place 1) to (place 2) 表示距离（从一个地方到另一个地方）It is a long way from my home to the school .help sb. do / with sth 帮助某人做某事（和某人一起做）help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事（替某人做）be late for 迟到（后面跟名词）Im never late for it . 我从不迟到wake up sb. / wake sb. up 唤醒某人当sb.为代词时，必须放在wake和up之间wake me upIts time to do sth. = Its time for sth. = Its time for doing sth. 该做某事的时候了to后面跟单词原型，for后面跟名词或者动名词Its time to have class . = Its time for class . = Its time for having class .Its time for sb. to do sth. 该某人做某事的时候了Its time for him to go home . 是（该）他回家的时候了。at first 起先first of all 首先，最初At first we go to the zoo on foot . 起先我们步行去动物园。First of all , you should decide how to get there . 首先你应该决定怎样到那儿。practise sth. 练习某事practise doing sth. 练习做某事practise后接动词：practise doing（）；practise do（）；practise to do（）She usually practices running with me .look forward to (doing) sth. 期待（做）某事I look forward to your good news .Look forward to hearing from you .be good for 对有好处Running is good for us .wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人怎样wish to do sth. 希望做某事hope / wish to do sth. 希望做某事hope / wish doing （）hope sb. to do sth. （） wish sb. to do sth. （）always (100%) usually (80%) often (60%) sometimes (40%) seldom (20%) never (0%)What time与When的区别：What time一般用来询问点钟，或具体哪个时刻发生（比较精准的时间）When可以对点钟、日、月、年等进行提问（比较宽泛的时间）What time do you go to bed ? = When do you go to bed ?start与begin的区别：大部分情况可以互换，区别在于：（1）表示（机器）开始、启动时，只能用start；（2）表示创办、开设时，只能用startThe man cant start the car .He started a new shop last year .get ready 准备get ready for sth. / get ready to do sth. 为（做）某事作准备（强调动作）be ready for sth. / be ready to do sth. 为（做）某事作好准备（强调状态）They are getting ready for the trip .Please get ready to have a lesson .Are you ready for the trip .We are ready to welcome you .need sb. or sth. 需要某人或某物need a good rest 需要好好休息一下need doing 需要/必须（被）做 【用主动形式表达被动语态】need to do 需要/必须做The bird needs looking after . = The bird needs to be looked after .Does anybody need to see the doctor ?一句话中，有两个或更多的时间状语时，表示小范围的时间在前面，大的在后at eight in the morning from Monday to Fridaygo to bed 去睡觉go to sleep 入睡（强调由醒着到睡着的瞬间动作）be sleeping （一直）睡着between and 在和之间Im free between 8:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m.too、as well、either、also的用法：He studies hard and I study hard , too .She not only sings , and she plays the piano as well .I cant speak French and cant write it , either .He is good at English . He is also good at French .Hows it going ? 近况如何have lunch 吃午饭go roller skating 去溜旱冰have fun doing sth. 愉快、有兴趣地做某事each other 相互learn about sth. 学习有关的东西learn from sb. 向某人学习chat with / to sb. 与某人聊天meet with sb. / meet up with sb. 和某人碰面、遇到be nice / good to 对很好（友好）thanks = thank youthank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事would like to do sth. = want to do sth. 想要做某事too much / many 太多have time to do sth. 有时间做某事have much time to do sth. 有许多时间去做某事have no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事at the age of = at years old 在岁时at Christmas / on Christmas Day 在圣诞节because用于回答why引导的特殊疑问句-Why are you late ? -Because I get up late .对by提问用how-How does your father go to work every day ? -By car .seem：看起来。四种用法(1)主语 + seem + (to be) + 名词/形容词(2)主语 + seem + to do sth.(3)It seems that + 从句(4)There + seem + (to be) + 名词You seem very happy .Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy .Mrs Green doesnt seem to like the idea . = Mrs Green seems not to like the idea .It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park .There doesnt seem to be much hope . 看起来没有多大希望There seems no need to wait longer . 看起来没有再等的必要了eve n.前夜如果节假日中有Day / Eve，一般用介词on，否则用介词aton New Years Day 在新年on New Years Eve 在除夕at Christmas动词 + 副词 + 代词做宾语时，代词必须放在动词和副词之间wake him up、pick it up、look it upbe on holiday 在度假go on holiday 去度假go to a place for a/ones holiday 去某地度假They are on holiday in Beijing .Theyll go on holiday at the seaside .Theyll go to the seaside for a holiday .be made of sth. 用某物做成（能看出原材料）be made from sth. 用某物做成（不能看出原材料）The kite is made of paper .The paper is made from wood .make sth2 out of sth1 用某物1制成某物2主将从现：在含有条件状语从句或时间状语从句的复合句中，如果主句表示将来，那么从句用一般现在时。If it is fine tomorrow , we will go to the park .I will tell him about it when he comes .在下面below、under（正下方）在上面above、over（正上方）、on（有接触面）paint sth. 用颜料涂某物paint sth. + colour 用颜料把某物涂成某种颜色They paint the walls blue .Which is your favourite ? = Which do you like best ? 哪一个是你最喜欢的感叹句通常有What、How引导，意思为：多么。What修饰名词，How修饰形容词或副词。句子结构主要有以下几种：(1)How + 形容词或副词 + 陈述语序 How clever he is !(2)What + a + 形容词 + 名词 + 陈述语序 What a clever boy he is !(3)What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 陈述语序 What wonderful ideas we have !(4)What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 陈述语序 What cold weather it is !感叹句的省略形式为：What a clever boy ( he is ) !数词 + more + 名词 = another + 数词 + 名词：再多一点five more minutes = another five minutes 再多五分钟five more books 再多五本书one more time 再来一次get together 聚会do sth. together with sb. 和某人一起做某事exciting adj.令人兴奋的 excited adj.感到兴奋的worrying adj.令人担心的 worried adj.感到担心的tiring adj.令人疲倦的 tired adj.感到疲倦的celebrate (for) sth. 庆祝某事celebrate sth. with sb. 和某人一起庆祝某事thank sb. for (doing) sth. 因为（做）某事而感谢某人Thank you for (doing) sth. = Thanks for (doing) sth. 因为（做）某事而感谢你give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物give sb. sth. as a treat = give sb. a treat of sth. = treat sb. with sth. 给某人某物作为招待tell sb. (about) sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不）做某事around the world = all over the world 全世界go to by bus = go to on the bus = take the bus to 乘公交车去let off = set off 放烟花；使爆炸reach = arrive at / in = get toshout at / to sb. 对某人大喊大叫have sth. for breakfast / lunch / supper /dinner 吃某物作为早餐 / 午餐 / 晚餐take a photo / photos 拍照find out 找出；发现dress up as 装扮成play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人at present 现在，目前have shows about sth. 举办关于某物的表演Its ones first time to do sth. 那是某人初次做某事be full of sth. 充满某物；装满某物full moon 圆月；满月after与in的用法区别：均可与一段时间连用。after表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，因此通常与过去时连用；而in则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后，通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。He came back after three days . 三天后他回来了。Ill come back in three days . 我三天后回来。I think he can come back in three days . 我想他三天后可以回来。after除与时间段连用外，还可与时间点连用，此时则可用于将来时（但是in不能与时间点连用）。He will arrive after five oclock . 他五点钟以后到。形容词修饰something / anything / nothing / everything等不定代词，形容词必须摆在不定代词后面。something hardgive sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.给某人某物；如果sb.和sth.都是代词，那么只能用give sth. to sb.形式Please give me them . () Please give them to me . ()Give me ten . 给我十个。more and more结构（比较级重复），意思为“越来越”In spring , days get longer and longer .some和any的区别：some常用在肯定句中，any常用在否定句和疑问句中；但是在表示建议、请求、反问的疑问句中，用some而不用any。疑问句中，如果没有或者可能没有物品，用any；否则用some。I have some tea .I cant see any tea .Do you have any friends at school ?Would you like some coffee ? 你要不要来点咖啡？change sth. for 用某物换来change sth. into 将某物变成Im thinking of changing my car for a new one. 我想用我的车换一辆新车。He changed his dollars into RMB . 他把美元换成了人民币。need sth. 需要某物need to do sth. 需要做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事sth. need doing = sth. need to be done 某物需要被做上述sth. need doing用主动形式表示被动意义The radio needs mending . 这台收音机需要修理。对must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答常用No , neednt .-Mom , must I finish my home work now ? -No , you neednt .kilo的复数为kilostwo kilos of sth. 两公斤某物表示地点时，at后面一般跟小地点，in后面一般跟较大的地方；但是，小地方如果看作地点用at，看作场所用inI met him at the post-office . Im now working in the post-office .make sb. / sth. + adj. 使某人/某物达到某种状态keep sb. / sth. + adj. 使某人/某物保持某种状态keep doing sth. 继续做某事；反复做某事keep sb. doing sth. 使某人持续不停地做某事We should keep our classroom clean .Why do you keep laughing all the time ? 为什么你一直在笑？keep fit = keep healthy 保持健康keep sb. / sth. away 使某人/某物离开；使某人/某物不接近keep away from 远离We use fire to keep the animals away .plan to do sth. 计划/打算做某事plan还可以做名词，常用形式为：plan for + 名词 / 动名词；意思为“有关的计划”We are planning to start next week .I have a plan for overcoming the difficulty. 我有了一个克服困难的计划。be important for sb. 对某人很重要It is + adj. + for / of sb. to do sth. 对某人而言，做某事是的It is dangerous for / of us to play on the street .all与whole在表示“整个的”意思时，all要放在限定词之前，whole要放在限定词之后；常用的有：all the + 名词、the whole + 名词。all the night = the whole night 整个晚上feel like doing sth . 想做某事He feels like going to bed . 他想去睡觉。too much 太多much too 太；特别Dont eat too much fast food .The question is much too difficult .less than 少于more than = over 多于less than与more than都放在数词之前health：n.健康healthy：adj.健康的healthily：adv.健康地We should eat healthily .give sb. energy for 给某人提供的能量give sb. energy for doing sth. 给某人提供做某事的能量Breakfast can give me energy for the whole morning .order sb. (not) to do sth. 命令某人（不）做某事in order 整整齐齐out of order 混乱stop doing sth. 停止做某事；指停止做原来的事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事；指停下原来的事而做其它事，后面接的事是要去做的事be good for sb. 对某人有益be bad for sb. = be not good for sb. 对某人不好point out 指出point to 指向point at 指着（某一物体）let sb. (not) do sth. 使某人（不）做某事buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物(the) number of 的数量at noon 在中午tasty adj.味道好的be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事没有这种用法be busy to do sth.；但是有：be too busy to do sth. 太忙而不能做某事too to 太而不能here用于倒装句时，如果主语是名词，那么主语放在谓语动词之后；如果主语是代词，那么主语放在谓语动词之前。Here is my kite .Here comes the bus .Here they are .have an idea 有主意；认为have no idea 不知道idea在表示“关于的想法/主意”时，后面要用of介词短语来修饰，不可以用to do的形式来修饰。Do you like the idea to go swimming now ? ()Do you like the idea of going swimming now ? ()be interested in (doing) sth. = take an interest in (doing) sth.对（做）某事感兴趣Im interested in the TV play .We take an interest in the TV play .cost v.花费；值（多少钱）cost的主语只能是物不能是人；后接金钱、时间sth. cost sb. + money / time 某物花了某人金钱/时间spend的用法：spend的主语只能是人sb. spend money / time on sth. 某人在某事/某物上花费金钱/时间sb. spend money / time (in) doing sth. 某人在做某事上花费金钱/时间take的用法（只能用于时间）做某事花了某人时间：It takes sb. some time to do sth.Doing sth. takes sb. some timeI spent two hours on this Maths problem .They spent two years (in) building the bridge .pay只能用于金钱pay sb. 付款给某人pay for sth. 付款买某物pay for sb. 替某人付款pay（sb.）some money for sth. 付（某人）钱买某物He paid me five yuan . 他付了我五元钱。He cant pay for the TV set at the moment . 他现在还不能付款买这台电视机。Ill pay for you . 我会给你付钱的。I paid 10 yuan for the book . 我付了十元钱买这本书。I paid the shopkeeper 10 yuan for the book . 我付了店主十元钱买这本书。How much do/does sth. cost ? = How much is/are sth. ? = Whats the price of sth. ?某物多少钱？How much do the apples cost ? = How much are the apples ? = Whats the price of the apples ?enough修饰名词时可以放在名词的前面或后面；修饰形容词（或副词）时只能放在形容词（或副词）的后面。enough time = time enoughstrong enoughmatch v.与相配；n.比赛match sth . 与某物相配fit sb. = be fit for sb. 适合某人通常，match后接的是物；fit后接的是人The scarf matches your blouse very well . 这件围巾和你的上衣很相配。The dress doesnt fit me .The job is fit for him .match的常用结构为：A + match + B；或者“两个事物 + match”Do you thinks these two colors match ?match well 与很相配fit well 与很适合there be后面第一个名词，决定be的单复数形式There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语there be意为“某处存在某物/某人”，表示存在关系；have意为“某人拥有某物/某人”，表示拥有关系。There is some water in the cup .There are two birds in the tree .He has two sons .pair(s) of后接复数名词，谓语动词与pair在数上保持一致。This pair of shoes is very expensive .There is a pair of glasses on the desk .There are three pairs of glasses on the desk .try to do sth. 尽力做某事try on试穿；与名词连用时，名词可以放在中间，也可以放在后面；与代词连用时，代词只能放在中间。Can I try it on ?You can try this coat on . = You can try on this coat .use to do sth. 用做某事I use my pen to write a letter .bring意为带来，指从别处带到说话位置，动作由远及近take意为带去，指从说话位置带到别处去，动作由近及远carry指带、搬、运，不具体说明来去的方向bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人not a / an / any = no 没有I dont have any money . = I have no money .There isnt a bird in the tree . = There is no bird in the tree .hate dislike；dislike表示“讨厌”的程度比hate稍弱一些hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事【习惯性或者经常性的动作】hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事【一次性的动作】Mary hates swimming .He hates to swim in a such rainy day . 他讨厌在这样的一个雨天游泳。be sure of / about (doing) sth. 确信（做）某事be sure to do sth. 必定做某事be sure that + 从句 确信【从句中的内容】He is sure of / about success .He is sure to take good care of himself . 他必定会照顾好自己。He is sure of / about taking good care of himself. 他自信会照顾好自己。Im sure that it is going to rain .different from sth. 与某事/某物不同City life is different from country life .take / have a look 看一看tak