高考定语从句解题注意点.doc

一、了解仅用that引导限制性定语从句的几种情况that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下，只能用that来引导定语从句：1.先行词是all, much, few, little, everything, anything ,nothing等不定代词时。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy?2.先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last等限定词修饰时。例如：This is the very dictionary that is of great help.3.先行词既指人又指物时。例如：My father and his teacher talked a lot about theThings and the persons that they could remember.4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：Our school is not the one that it used to be.5.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：This is the best English film that I have ever seen.The first English novel that I read was A Taleof Two Cities.6.主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时。例如：Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?三、把握“介词关系代词”结构中介词的选用介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：That is the reason for which he was late for school.This is the book on which Ispent 8yuan.注意：1.定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：This is the key which you are looking for.This is the baby whom you will look after.2.该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which. 四、弄清as和which引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别1.位置上的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is known to us all,the earth turns around the sun.The earth,as is known to us all,turns around the sun.The earth turns around the sun,as is known to us all.The earth turns around the sun,which our parents once told us when we were very young.2.词义与联系上的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系，as本身含有“正如”之意；而which引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句，which本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。例如：Light travels faster than sound,as we all know.Jack came late for school,which made his teacher angry.五、注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如：Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.六、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠1.在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：(1)Is this factory_we visited last week?(2)Is this the factory_we visited last week?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.theone分析：第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited的宾语，故应选A项。2.从定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代(副)词重叠的成分。例如：错句：IsthisthetrainthattheytookitlastSunday?分析：该题中that已经代替先行词thetrain在定语从句中充当及物动词took的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。总之，突破了以上六道难关，定语从句中的难题便会迎刃而解。高考英语语法考点分类详解定语从句34. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _D_ wanted to buy it. (2009安徽卷)A. none of themB. both of themC. none of whomD. neither of whom【解析】D。由于前面提到的是两个人，故后面只能用表两者的both或neither，据此可排除A和C。由于空格前用的是逗号，且没有连词，故只不能选B，而要选D，因为neither of whom为非限制性定语从句，用以修饰two people。23. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _D_ are healthy. (2009北京卷)A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom【解析】D。由于先行词为so many people，故关系代词只能用whom，而不能用其他三个。27. The village has developed a lot _D_ we learned farming two years ago. (2007福建卷)A. when B. whichC. that D. where【解析】D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the village。注意，题中的定语从句与先行词之间被has developed a lot所分开。12. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _B_ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. (2007湖南卷)A. who B. whichC. what D. that【解析】B。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中用作主语，表示前面所提到的情况。33. He was educated at the local high school, _A_ he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏卷)A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that【解析】A。after which中的which指“他在当地一所高中接受教育”，after which的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后（即高中毕业之后）”。32. After graduation she reached a point in her career _D_ she had to decide what to do. (2007江西卷)A. thatB. whatC. which D. where【解析】D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词point（不是career），又如：We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。22. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, _D_ they learn simple games and songs. (2007全国I)A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where 【解析】D。where在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a day-care center。30. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _D_ we worked. (2007山东卷)A. that B. there C. which D. where 【解析】D。where在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the farm。注意不要认为这是强调句而误选that。35. The book was written in 1946, _D_ the education system has witnessed great charges. (2007山东卷)A. whenB. during whichC. since thenD. since when【解析】D。since when中的when指1946，since when指的是since 1946，即指“自1946年起”。注意不要误选C，如果将C改为and since then，则可选C。20. Today, well discuss a number of cases _D_ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (2007陕西卷)A. which B. asC. whyD. where【解析】D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词cases，where的意思相当于in which。类例：There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。27. It is reported that two schools, _D_ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007四川卷)A. they bothB. which bothC. both of themD. both of which【解析】D。both of which are being built in my hometown为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的two schools。11. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _D_ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷)A. when B. whoseC. whichD. where【解析】D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词activity。句意为：那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。(from )14. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _B_ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (2007浙江卷)A. that B. whichC. whoD. where 【解析】B。which used to be poorly run为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的Chinas restaurant。30. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _B_ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007重庆卷)A. with which B. to which C. of whichD. for which 【解析】B。to which中的