高考短文改错专题(方法及技巧).docx

学生姓名： 年级： 辅导科目： 教师：授课时间 课 题短文改错专题教学目标1、 熟悉并掌握短文改错的考点 2、掌握解题技巧重、难点语法的综合考查，及对句子成分的理解课前分析一、教学提纲 短文改错考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。设题一般包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。通常是学生在英语运用中常见的错误。 命题趋向将主要体现在以下几个方面：1命题难度基本保持稳定，体裁多以贴近学生生活的记叙文、应用文为主。文章一般为100词左右。2错误设置类型相对稳定，常见类型有：错词、多词、少词。3考查内容覆盖面广，分布合理，但有所侧重。从时态、语态、非谓语动词到各类词法(包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、关联词等)、句法等，均有所考查。4考查考生对文章中心思想的把握，以及对文章的整体理解与结构的分析判断。20132015高考(新课标)全国卷短文改错各类考点及题量统计表 一、谓语动词 高频考点与技巧点拨 考点1时态前后不一致 典例1 When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.考点2缺少谓语或谓语动词形式错误 典例2 We must found ways to protect our environment.考点3语态错误 典例3 Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles考点4主谓不一致 典例1 My dream school look like a big garden.方法归纳做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面： (1)判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用, (2)and，but，so，or等并列连词前后的时态是否一致, (3)除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致, (4)看是否考查虚拟语气, (5)看谓语部分是否缺少动词，特别是be动词, (6)看动词的形式是否正确，尤其注意第三人称单数形式是否错用, (7)看主动语态和被动语态是否错用。 二、非谓语动词 考点1动词不定式（ to do） 典例1 She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.考点2动词的ing形式（现在分词）典例2 After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found.考点3动词的过去分词 (done) 典例 3 I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.方法归纳句中已有谓语动词，若再出现动词，又没有并列连词，注意考虑非谓语动词形式，根据其在句中成分以及逻辑关系，来判断其形式是否正确。做短文改错时，需注意一下几个方面： (1)作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为ing形式了。 (2)熟记其后只能接ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。 (3)介词后要用动词的ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。 (4)一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。 (5)根据非谓语动词或其逻辑主语的关系来确定用ing形式还是用ed形式。 (6)别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。 1. I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. _ 2It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside. _ 3He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees. _ 4Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. _三、名词 考点1单复数或所有格错误 典例1 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 典例2 One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was.his parents were missing.Tony saw his parents.考点2词性转换错误典例1 He has ruined his healthy.方法归纳 遇到名词首先注意区分名词是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格。常考考点如下：,(1)在several，few，many，one of，a couple of，three，one and a half，a large number of，scores of，dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。(2)像advice，fun，homework，information，news，progress，equipment，furniture，baggage，luggage，jewellery，clothing等不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数。(3)该用名词的所有格，而没有用。1 As I told you last time，I made three new friend here. _2For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. 四、形容词与副词 考点1形、副词或名词词性混淆 典例1 Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 典例2 Dad and I were terrible worried.考点2形、副词错用典例1 Nearly five years before，and with the help of our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.分析相对于说话时以前用ago；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用before。考点3修饰词错用或多余 典例1 Much rare animals are dying out.考点4比较等级误用 典例1 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.考点5分词化形容词混用 典例1 I am awfully tiring，but I know Ill never fall asleep.方法归纳对于形容词和副词的考查，注意以下几点：,(1)作定语、表语、补语，用形容词。,(2)作状语，修饰动词、形容词、全句，用副词。,(3)注意比较级与最高级的比较对象或范围；单音节形容词的比较级前，不可再加more。,(4)注意many，much，(a) few，(a) little；very，so，(n)ever，hardly等修饰词的用法。 典例2 Gradually，I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered the college. 五、代词 考点1人称不一致 典例1 We must find ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.考点2代词混用典例1 My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.考点3漏掉代词 典例 Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.方法归纳对于代词的考查，要注意一下几点：(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文，要注意人称一致、单复数一致以及性别的一致关系。(2)注意人称代词格的误用，以及物主代词、反身代词或疑问代词等的错用。(3)系统掌握it的各种用法。(4)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。 六、关联词及行文逻辑 考点关联词使用不当 典例1 There the air is clean or the mountains are green.方法归纳对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：,(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、主语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误。,(2)注意but转折、and并列、or或者(选择)、so因此(结果)等逻辑关系词之间的混用。,(3)注意although/though/while不与but连用；since/as/because不与so连用。,(4)注意but与and，and与or，or与so，after与before，which与that，which与what等连词的用法区别。七、介词 考点1介词误用 典例1 Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.典例2 One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.考点2缺少介词 典例1 We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sit by the lake listening music.考点3多余介词典例1 Please help with me and give me some advice.方法归纳(1)如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词或代词前一定是缺少介词。(2)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。(3)不该用介词的短语中用了介词，如next year常写成in the next year。(4)某些及物动词短语中介词缺失，如look (at)，listen (to)，take care (of)等。(5)有些及物动词多加了介词，如enter the room常写成enter into the room；return my book常写成return back/to my book等。(6)注意分清连词、副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能。八、冠词 考点1漏掉冠词 典例1 Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside. 典例2 As result，the plants are growing everywhere.考点2冠词错用 典例1 Tony saw a toy in a shop window.A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.考点3多余冠词 典例 In a fact，he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play or do homework with me.方法归纳(1)根据泛指和特指，判断用定冠词还是不定冠词。若泛指“一个”再根据单词的第一个音素来判定用a还是an；,(2)根据固定搭配。注意固定搭配中不能多用或少用冠词。 Exercise 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏子符号（）并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and