Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness(ppt 44页).ppt

2003SouthwesternPublishingCompany 1 StrategicManagementandStrategicCompetitiveness MichaelA HittR DuaneIrelandRobertE Hoskisson Chapter1 2 StrategyImplementation Chapter13StrategicEntrepreneurship Chapter11OrganizationalStructureandControls Chapter10CorporateGovernance Chapter12StrategicLeadership StrategyFormulation StrategicCompetitivenessAbove AverageReturns StrategicIntentStrategicMission Chapter2TheExternalEnvironment Chapter3TheInternalEnvironment TheStrategicManagementProcess Feedback StrategicInputs StrategicActions StrategicOutcomes Chapter6Corporate LevelStrategy Chapter9CooperativeStrategy Chapter5CompetitiveRivalryandCompetitiveDynamics Chapter8InternationalStrategy Chapter4Business LevelStrategy Chapter7AcquisitionandRestructuringStrategies 3 ImportantDefinitions StrategicManagementProcess策略管理程序 Thefullsetofcommitments decisions andactionsrequiredforafirmtoachievestrategiccompetitivenessandearnabove averagereturns 4 ImportantDefinitions StrategicCompetitiveness策略性競爭力 Achievedwhenafirmsuccessfullyformulatesandimplementsavalue creatingstrategy OccurswhenafirmdevelopsastrategythatcompetitorsarenotsimultaneouslyimplementingProvidesbenefitswhichcurrentandpotentialcompetitorsareunabletoduplicate Above AverageReturns平均以上報酬 5 ImportantDefinitions Risk風險 Aninvestor suncertaintyabouttheeconomicgainsorlossesthatwillresultfromaparticularinvestment Returnsthatareequaltothoseaninvestorexpectstoearnfromotherinvestmentswithasimilaramountofrisk AverageReturns平均報酬 6 Fundamentalnatureofcompetitionischanging CompetitiveLandscape競爭情勢 Hypercompetitiveenvironments超競爭環境 Dynamicsofstrategicmaneuveringamongglobalandinnovativecombatants Price qualitypositioning newknow how firstmover Protectorinvadeestablishedproductorgeographicmarkets 7 Fundamentalnatureofcompetitionischanging Hypercompetitiveenvironments CompetitiveLandscape Emergenceofglobaleconomy全球經濟的出現 Goods services people skills andideasmovefreelyacrossgeographicborders Spreadofeconomicinnovationsaroundtheworld Politicalandculturaladjustmentsarerequired 8 Fundamentalnatureofcompetitionischanging Hypercompetitiveenvironments CompetitiveLandscape Emergenceofglobaleconomy Rapidtechnologicalchange快速科技變遷 Increasingrateoftechnologicalchangeanddiffusion Theinformationage Increasingknowledgeintensity 9 超競爭 Hypercompetition產品生命週期短均衡是短期現象對手的行動會使自己喪失優勢很難有持久的競爭優勢 10 StrategicFlexibility策略彈性 AsetofcapabilitiesusedtorespondtovariousdemandsandopportunitiesexistinginadynamicanduncertaincompetitiveenvironmentItinvolvescopingwithuncertaintyandtheaccompanyingrisks 11 StrategicFlexibility StrategicFlexibility StrategicFlexibility Strategicflexibility 12 1 Strategydictatedbytheexternalenvironmentsofthefirm whatopportunitiesexistintheseenvironments 2 Firmdevelopsinternalskillsrequiredbyexternalenvironment whatcanthefirmdoabouttheopportunities 1 ExternalEnvironments IndustryEnvironment CompetitorEnvironment I OModelofAbove AverageReturns 13 FourAssumptionsoftheI OModel 1 Theexternalenvironmentisassumedtopossesspressuresandconstraintsthatdeterminethestrategiesthatwouldresultinabove averagereturns2 Mostfirmscompetingwithinaparticularorwithinacertainsegmentofitareassumedtocontrolsimilarstrategicallyrelevantresourcesandtopursuesimilarstrategiesinlightofthoseresources 14 FourAssumptionsoftheI OModel 3 Resourcesusedtoimplementstrategiesarehighlymobileacrossfirms4 Organizationaldecisionmakersareassumedtoberationalandcommittedtoactinginthefirm sbestinterests asshownbytheirprofit maximizingbehaviors 15 IndustrialOrganizationModel I OModelofAbove AverageReturns 1 Studytheexternalenvironment especiallytheindustryenvironmenteconomiesofscalebarrierstomarketentrydiversificationproductdifferentiationdegreeofconcentrationoffirmsintheindustry 16 I OModelofAbove AverageReturns 2 Locateanattractiveindustrywithahighpotentialforabove averagereturns Attractiveindustry onewhosestructuralcharacteristicssuggestabove averagereturns IndustrialOrganizationModel 17 I OModelofAbove AverageReturns 3 Identifythestrategycalledforbytheattractiveindustrytoearnabove averagereturns Strategyformulation selectionofastrategylinkedwithabove averagereturnsinaparticularindustry IndustrialOrganizationModel 18 I OModelofAbove AverageReturns 4 Developoracquireassetsandskillsneededtoimplementthestrategy Assetsandskills thoseassetsandskillsrequiredtoimplementachosenstrategy IndustrialOrganizationModel 19 I OModelofAbove AverageReturns 5 Usethefirm sstrengths itsdevelopedoracquiredassetsandskills toimplementthestrategy Strategyimplementation selectstrategicactionslinkedwitheffectiveimplementationofthechosenstrategy IndustrialOrganizationModel 20 I OModelofAbove AverageReturns IndustrialOrganizationModel Superiorreturns earningofabove averagereturns 21 1 Strategydictatedbyuniqueresourcesandcapabilitiesofthefirm whatcanthefirmdobest 2 Findanenvironmentinwhichtoexploittheseassets wherearethebestopportunities Resource basedModelofAboveAverageReturns 1 Firm sResources 22 1 Identifythefirm sresources strengthsandweaknessescomparedwithcompetitors Resources inputsintoafirm sproductionprocess Resource basedModelofAboveAverageReturns Resource basedModel 23 2 Determinethefirm scapabilities whatitcandobetterthanitscompetitors Capability capacityofanintegratedsetofresourcestointegrativelyperformataskoractivity Resource basedModelofAboveAverageReturns Resource basedModel 24 FourAttributesofResourcesandCapabilities CompetitiveAdvantage thefirmisorganizedappropriatelytoobtainthefullbenefitsoftheresourcesinordertorealizeacompetitiveadvantage Valuable allowthefirmtoexploitopportunitiesorneutralizethreatsinitsexternalenvironment Rare possessedbyfew ifany currentandpotentialcompetitors Costlytoimitate whenotherfirmscannotobtainthemormustobtainthematamuchhighercost Nonsubstitutable ResourcesandCapabilities 25 CoreCompetencies Resourcesandcapabilitiesthatmeetthesefourcriteriabecomeasourceof Valuable Rare Costlytoimitate Nonsubstitutable CoreCompetencies核心能力 ResourcesandCapabilities 26 CoreCompetenciesarethebasisforafirm s Competitiveadvantage競爭優勢 Strategiccompetitiveness策略性競爭力 Abilitytoearnabove averagereturns獲取平均以上報酬的能力 CoreCompetencies 27 3 Determinethepotentialofthefirm sresourcesandcapabilitiesintermsofacompetitiveadvantage Competitiveadvantage abilityofafirmtooutperformitsrivals Resource basedModelofAboveAverageReturns Resource basedModel 28 4 Locateanattractiveindustry Anattractiveindustry anindustrywithopportunitiesthatcanbeexploitedbythefirm sresourcesandcapabilities Resource basedModelofAboveAverageReturns Resource basedModel 29 5 Selectastrategythatbestallowsthefirmtoutilizeitsresourcesandcapabilitiesrelativetoopportunitiesintheexternalenvironment Strategyformulationandimplementation strategicactionstakentoearnaboveaveragereturns Resource basedModelofAboveAverageReturns Resource basedModel 30 Resource basedModelofAboveAverageReturns Resource basedModel Superiorreturns earningofabove averagereturns 31 StrategicIntent Mission StrategicIntent策略性企圖 Winningcompetitivebattlesthroughdecidinghowtoleverageinternalresources capabilities andcorecompetencies StrategicMission策略性宗旨 Anapplicationofstrategicintentintermsofproductstobeofferedandmarketstobeserved 奇異公司企圖成為市場的領者 選擇繼續經營與欲退出的市場 32 Groupswhoareaffectedbyafirm sperformanceandwhohaveclaimsonitswealth Thefirmmustmaintainperformanceatanadequatelevelinordertoretaintheparticipationofkeystakeholders TheFirmandItsStakeholders Stakeholders利益關係人 33 CapitalMarketStakeholders資本市場利益關係人 TheFirmandItsStakeholders ShareholdersMajorsuppliersofcapitalBanksPrivatelendersVenturecapitalists Stakeholders 34 CapitalMarketStakeholders ProductMarketStakeholders產品市場利益關係人 TheFirmandItsStakeholders PrimarycustomersSuppliersHostcommunitiesUnions Stakeholders 35 CapitalMarketStakeholders ProductMarketStakeholders OrganizationalStakeholders組織利益關係人 TheFirmandItsStakeholders EmployeesManagersNonmanagers Stakeholders 36 Stake