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1.【文章难句】Instead,the studies ended up giving their name to the“Hawthorne effect,” the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是the studies ended up giving their name to the“Hawthorne effect”。Instead位于句首,表示转折。the extremely influential idea是Hawthorne effect的同位语。that the very.behavior是idea的同位语从句。【参考译文】 然而,研究最终以一个被他们命名为“霍桑效应”的结论结束,这一极具影响力的观点认为,仅仅是被实验这一行为就足以改变被实验者的表现。2.【文章难句】 Contrary to the descriptions on record,no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. 【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是no systematic evidence was found。Contrary to the descriptions on record是介词短语作比较状语。that引导同位语从句,修饰evidence。 【参考译文】 与所记录的描述相反,没有系统的证据来说明照明的变化和效率水平有关。1.【文章难句】 It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when highquality arts criticism could be found in most bigcity newspapers. 【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是It is difficult to the point of impossibility to imagine a time。under the age of forty是the average reader的后置定语。when 引导非限定性定语从句,修饰其前的a time。【参考译文】 对于年龄在40岁以下的普通读者来说,很难甚至根本无法想象这样一个当时在大多数大城市的报纸上都能发现高质量的文艺评论的时代了。2.【文章难句】 We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirtcheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是We are even farther removed from。published.between.and.是newspaper reviews的后置定语。in which it appeared 是非限定性定语从句,修饰the publications。【参考译文】我们距离那些20世纪初期和二战前夕在英国发表的没有重点的报纸评论甚至更远。当时新闻用纸非常便宜,时髦的文艺评论被认为是对刊登它的出版物的一种装饰。3.【文章难句】Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是Journalistic tastes had changed and postmodern readers have little use。long before his death是时间状语从句。in which he specialized是非限定性定语从句,修饰prose。【参考译文】早在他去世以前,新闻业的品味就已经发生了改变,而且后现代的读者们很少阅读他所擅长的那种词藻华丽的Vicwardian散文。1.【文章难句】Curbs on businessmethod claims would be a dramatic aboutface, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the socalled State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutualfund assets.【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是Curbs on businessmethod claims would be a dramatic aboutface。because 引导原因状语从句,在该从句中,出现了强调句型it was.that.,其中approving a patent on a way of pooling mutualfund assets是分词作伴随状语。【参考译文】对商业方法专利申请的限制将会是一个戏剧性的改变,因为正是联邦巡回法院在1998年判决“美国道富银行”一案时推出的这一专利权,该判决同意对以合并互惠基金资产的方式授予专利。2.【文章难句】 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order。stating.为现在分词结构作状语,包含两个that引导的宾语从句。第一个宾语从句含rather than结构,第二个宾语从句包含省略引导词的定语从句it wants to evaluate,修饰issue,whether引导表语从句。【参考译文】 联邦巡回法院发出了一道不寻常的命令,该命令要求法院所有的12个法官共同审理此案,而不是典型的3人组。同时,联邦巡回法院也希望借此评估是否应该“重新考虑”对美国道富银行的裁决。1. 【文章难句】 In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected.【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是Malcolm Gladwell argues that。that 引导的是一个较长的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中,又包含一个由who引导的定语从句,修饰其前的influentials。句首的In his book The Tipping Point 作整个句子的状语。【参考译文】 马尔卡姆格莱德维尔在他的引爆点一书中指出,“社会流行风尚”在很大程度上是受一小部分的特殊个人的行为来推动的。这些人经常被称为影响者,他们通常消息灵通、有说服力、社交广泛。2. 【文章难句】 Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the twostepflow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly【结构分析】本句的主干结构是it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials to drive social epidemic。according to the twostepflow theory是插入语。who are supposed是influentials的定语。by引导的是方式状语。【参考译文】不过,根据“两步传播”理论,恰恰正是这些并不是名人的影响者通过直接影响他们周围的朋友和同事来推动社会流行风尚。3.【文章难句】 Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.【结构分析】 本句是一个很复杂的单句,主干结构是the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence。其中Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence和manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced都是句子的伴随状语成分。relating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced是分词后置定语,修饰a number of variables。【参考译文】基于人际影响的基本事实,研究人员进行了社会影响的动态学研究,他们通过许多变量进行了数以千计的计算机模拟,这些变量与人们影响他人的能力以及他们被影响后的倾向性有关。1.【文章难句】 Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real world” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是Charlie McCreevy warned the IASB that.and that.。句中两个that引导的是并列宾语从句。a European commissioner是主句主语的同位语。【参考译文】欧洲专员查理麦克里维警告国际会计标准委员会,它“不是生活在一个政治真空”,而是“一个真实的世界”,而且欧洲可以制定出不同的规则。2. 【文章难句】 And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks。Which引导非限定性定语从句,修饰banks,该定语从句是由yet连接的并列句。【参考译文】而且,萧条的市场部分地反映了银行的瘫痪,银行因为害怕账面损失而不愿意出售资产,也不愿意购买人们认为的便宜货。3.【文章难句】 The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是The FASB and IASB have been.against hostility.。cleaning up .for example 是插入语,具体说明against hostility from special interests。句中的that既不是代词,也不是引导从句的关系词,而是表示一种程度。【参考译文】美国财务会计标准委员会和国际会计标准委员会恰好一直是这样的,例如,他们不顾特殊利益团体的反对,对股票期权和养老金的规则做了整顿。1.【文章难句】 All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是this clearly seems to be a market。in which引导的长句子是非限定性定语从句,修饰market,在该定语从句中,介词短语in the management.marketing intelligence作proven skills的后置定语。【参考译文】 总之,这显然是一个大市场,大的零售商可以在这里利用他们庞大的规模、现有的设施、以及管理产品生产线、物流和市场营销方面的专业技能来获得利润。2.【文章难句】 Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom and pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they dont eat at home.【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是Demand comes mainly from two sources。which are two small to buy straight from producers是非限定性定语从句,修饰independent mom and pop grocery stores,其中unlike large retail chains是插入语。and表并列,that引导的定语从句修饰food service operators。【参考译文】 需求的来源主要有两个:独立的小型杂货店,与大型零售连锁店不同,它们太小而不能从生产商直接购买货品。另一个来源是满足人们在外就餐的食品服务经营者。1. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.【考核知识点】同位语从句及词组用法【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是Scientists jumped to the rescue.。介词短语with some distinctly shaky evidence是方式状语。to the effect that insects would eat us up是其前evidence的同位语从句。if引导条件状语从句。【翻译要点】rescue在翻译时应将名词动词化,jumped to the rescue译为“急忙来补救”。 to the effect that属固定搭配,译为“大意是,含义”,这里不能按照effect的原意进行翻译。【词汇难点】 词或表达方式可接受的译法不可接受的译法jump to急忙,匆忙,赶紧跳起来shaky不可靠的,不确定的,站不住脚的摇晃的,颤抖的to the effect大意是为了效果failed to不能(做到),未能失败【参考译文】科学家们急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚,其大意是,如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。【评分样文】 例1. 科学家们急忙拿一些明显不可靠的证据来补救,大意是说如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,那么昆虫将吃光我们。(2分)例2. 科学家拿出了一些令人恐惧震惊的证据,指出如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,昆虫就会吃掉我们。(1.5分)例3. 科学家手握证据跳出来说,如果鸟无法控制虫子,虫子就会吃光人类。(1分)例4. 科学家急忙拿出证据,如果不控制,人类就会把昆虫吃光。(0.5分)例5. 科学家有证据表明,如果人类不加以控制,就会把鸟类吃光了。(0分)2. but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.【考核知识点】名词性从句及词组用法【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是we have at least drawn nearer the point。介词短语of admitting that birds should.economic advantage to us 是point的后置定语,其中that 引导的是宾语从句,作admitting的宾语。regardless of.是让步状语。【翻译要点】本句中最重要的是要把point的后置定语单独来译,这样更加清晰明了。另外,draw near意为“临近,靠近;近乎”, drawn near the point of admitting这里不能直译,要意译为“近乎承认”。【词汇难点】 词或表达方式可接受的译法不可接受的译法at least至少最多draw near 更倾向于,接近,靠近,近乎画得越来越近intrinsic right自有的权利,自身的权利,天生的权利内部的权利,右倾主义,根本不对continue继续生存下去继续the presence or absence 生存,存在出席或缺席,来或不来【参考译文】但是我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值,它们自有生存下去的权利。【评分样题】 例1. 但是我们至少已经承认这样一种观点,即承认鸟儿应当继续生存下去,这是它们固有的权力,不管它们对我们的经济利益存在与否。(2分)例2. 但是我们至少已经划出了重点并承认, 鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利,不管它对我们是否有经济利益。(1.5分)例3. 但是我们最近有的一点是, 不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益,鸟类有继续生存的权利。(1分)例4. 但是有一点得指出,继续有鸟是对的。不管对我们是否有经济利益。(0.5分)例5. 但有一点,不管经济优势如何,鸟类一直是完全正确的。 (0分)1. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.【考核知识点】同位语从句及词组用法【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是Scientists jumped to the rescue.。介词短语with some distinctly shaky evidence是方式状语。to the effect that insects would eat us up是其前evidence的同位语从句。if引导条件状语从句。【翻译要点】rescue在翻译时应将名词动词化,jumped to the rescue译为“急忙来补救”。 to the effect that属固定搭配,译为“大意是,含义”,这里不能按照effect的原意进行翻译。【词汇难点】 词或表达方式可接受的译法不可接受的译法jump to急忙,匆忙,赶紧跳起来shaky不可靠的,不确定的,站不住脚的摇晃的,颤抖的to the effect大意是为了效果failed to不能(做到),未能失败【参考译文】科学家们急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚,其大意是,如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。【评分样文】 例1. 科学家们急忙拿一些明显不可靠的证据来补救,大意是说如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,那么昆虫将吃光我们。(2分)例2. 科学家拿出了一些令人恐惧震惊的证据,指出如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,昆虫就会吃掉我们。(1.5分)例3. 科学家手握证据跳出来说,如果鸟无法控制虫子,虫子就会吃光人类。(1分)例4. 科学家急忙拿出证据,如果不控制,人类就会把昆虫吃光。(0.5分)例5. 科学家有证据表明,如果人类不加以控制,就会把鸟类吃光了。(0分)2. but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.【考核知识点】名词性从句及词组用法【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是we have at least drawn nearer the point。介词短语of admitting that birds should.economic advantage to us 是point的后置定语,其中that 引导的是宾语从句,作admitting的宾语。regardless of.是让步状语。【翻译要点】本句中最重要的是要把point的后置定语单独来译,这样更加清晰明了。另外,draw near意为“临近,靠近;近乎”, drawn near the point of admitting这里不能直译,要意译为“近乎承认”。【词汇难点】 词或表达方式可接受的译法不可接受的译法at least至少最多draw near 更倾向于,接近,靠近,近乎画得越来越近intrinsic right自有的权利,自身的权利,天生的权利内部的权利,右倾主义,根本不对continue继续生存下去继续the presence or absence 生存,存在出席或缺席,来或不来【参考译文】但是我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值,它们自有生存下去的权利。【评分样题】 例1. 但是我们至少已经承认这样一种观点,即承认鸟儿应当继续生存下去,这是它们固有的权力,不管它们对我们的经济利益存在与否。(2分)例2. 但是我们至少已经划出了重点并承认, 鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利,不管它对我们是否有经济利益。(1.5分)例3. 但是我们最近有的一点是, 不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益,鸟类有继续生存的权利。(1分)例4. 但是有一点得指出,继续有鸟是对的。不管对我们是否有经济利益。(0.5分)例5. 但有一点,不管经济优势如何,鸟类一直是完全正确的。 (0分)1. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.【考核知识点】同位语从句及词组用法【结构分析】本句的主干结构是biologists somewhat overworked the evidence。两个that引导的是the evidence的两个同位语从句,介词短语by killing the physically weak是方式状语。【翻译要点】本句中理解time was when这一短语的意思是个难点,其意为“曾几何时,曾经一度,曾经有段时间”,不然对理解整个句子会带来一定的困扰。【词汇难点】 词或表达方式可接受的译法不可接受的译法time was when曾几何时,曾经一度,曾经有段时间时间是当时, 有时候overwork过度使用,滥用工作过度,加班game种群,猎物群,食物链游戏worthless species没有价值的物种无价【参考译文】 曾经有段时间,生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据,即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康,或者说它们仅仅捕食没有价值的物种。【参考译文】 例1. 曾几何时,生物学家稍微过度滥用了以下这些证据:这些生物通过捕杀体质弱的生物来维持食物链的正常运行,或者它们只捕食“没有价值”的物种。(2分)例2. 有时候生物学家有点滥用这种证据。即,这些生物通过猎杀弱者或所谓无价值的物种来维持食物链的正常运行。(1.5分)例3. 生物学家总是忽略以下的这条证据,这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。(1分)例4. 生物学家曾有证据,这些物种游戏有些过度或它们只是去捕食“没有价值的物种”。(0.5分)例5. 生物学家游戏有些过度,这些物种是为了自己的健康才去猎杀其他弱小而无价值的动物。(0分)2. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.【考核知识点】省略句的译法【结构分析】本句的主干结构是the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community。where引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰Europe。不定式短语to be preserved 是the noncommercial tree species的后置定语。【翻译要点】本句中to be preserved as such是个省略句,翻译时可以还原句子帮助理解:the noncommercial tree species are to be preserved as such members of the native forest community。【词汇难点】词或表达方式可接受的译法不可接受的译法forestry 林业,森林(业)森林工业advanced 先进,领先,发达提倡,提高tree species 树种三个物种native forest community当地森林群落天然森林团体within reason适当地,合理地在理由之内【参考译文】 在林业生态更为发达的欧洲,没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员,并得到相应的保护。【评分样文】 例1. 在生态林业较为先进的欧洲,没有商业价值的树种被看作是本地森林群落的成员,并适当地加以保护。(2分)例2. 在欧洲,森林经济更发达,无商业价值的树被视为本地森林群落的成员,被合理的加以保护。(1.5分)例3. 欧洲经济更发达, 林木被认为是原始森林的一部分,适当地加以保护。(1分)例4. 在经济发达的欧洲,树是社区的 “成员”, 被加以保护。(0.5分)例5. 欧洲发达, 树是社区的 “成员”, 是有理由的。(0分)3. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.【考核知识点】代词指代以及较长定语从句的译法【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是It tends to ignore, and to eliminate many elements。句中两个that 引导的并列的定语从句,修饰elements。【翻译要点】句首的It指代的是上一句提到的a system of conservation,翻译时为了使意思明确,应把其所指代的内容译出。另外,本句中的两个定语从句较长,翻译时应做断句处理。【词汇难点】词或表达方式可接受的译法不可接受的译法tent to往往照料land community陆地群落土地团体healthy functioning健康运行功能健康。【参考译文】 这种保护系统往往忽视陆地群落中诸多缺乏商业价值、但对其健康运行至关重要的物种,而最终导致它们的灭绝。【评分样题】 例1. 这种保护系统很容易忽视并且因此而最终消灭陆地群落中很多缺乏商业价值的物种,然而这些物种对生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。(2分)例2. 他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种,然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。(1.5分)例3. 它容易忽视,因而最终消失,大陆上许多要素虽然缺乏商业价值,但是对其健康运行来说是有益的。(1分)例4. 它容易被忽视,被删除。许多陆地因素虽然缺乏商业价值,但有健康功能。(0.5分)例5. 它被忽视,被排除。在陆地有许多陆地因素没价值但对健康重要。(0分)1.【文章难句】 It has been a divisive issue across the U.S., as educators blamed the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. 【结构分析】 该句为一复合句,It has been a.issue是句子的主干, as educators.in minority admissions 是原因状语从句。【句子精译】 它一直是美国国内争论不休的问题,因为教育者把少数民族学生的入学人数下降归咎于对肯定诉讼程序的持续反对。2.【文章难句】 They, together with 36 universities and 7 non-profitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative-action.【结构分析】 They.formed a forum是句子的主干, that set forth.on affirmative-action 是定语从句,修饰说明 a forum, essentially designed to help.on affirmative-action是分词短语,修饰plan。【句子精译】 他们联合了36所大学以及7家非营利性公益组织创建了一个论坛来实施一个行动计划,专门帮助大学在肯定诉讼上规避法庭强加的约束。3.【文章难句】Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldnt have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.【结构分析】Doing so allows colleges to take minorities 是句子的主干,even if.是让步状语从句;who excel in average urban schools 是定语从句,修饰minorities;many universities use 也是定语从句省略了that,修饰ranking。【句子精译】 这样做使学院可以录取在一般市镇学校中的少数民族尖子生,即使他们在当前全国许多大学使用的级别排定下本不愿意作以削减。1【文章难句】 ince then we have been able to sequence, structure, and sort the roughly 40 sounds we are capable of making into thousands of complex languages with millions of unique“words”.【结构分析】 本句的主干是. we have been able to sequence, structure, and sort the roughly 40 sounds .。Since then作时间状语。We are capable of making是定语从句,修饰sounds。介词短语into thousands of complex languages和with millions of unique“words”作sequence, structure和sort的状语。【句子精译】 从此以后,我们可以把我们能够发出的大约40个声音经排序、组合、分类而成为数以千计、拥有数百万独特“词汇”的复杂语言。2【文章难句】For each newborn , exposure to repetitive spoken language in a relationship provides the stimulus for neural organization that will allow that child to develop complex language capabilities he capacity to understand and to communicate using“words”.【结构分析】本句的主干是., vides the stimulus for neural organization.。主语exposure后的介词to与该词是固定搭配,exposure to .理解为“对的接触”。Organization之后是由that引导的定语从句,修饰该词。破折号之后的部分是同位语,对language capabilities补充说明。【句子精译】 每个新生儿,在一种关系中接触一再重复的口头语言会获得神经组织的刺激,这一组织使孩子能够发展复杂的语言能力理解能力和使用“词汇”进行交流的能力。1.【文章难句】 The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family are in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage.【结构分析】 这是一个复合句,主干是The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family are a function, 省略的定语从句as seen by the individual members of the marriage修饰前面整个主句。【句子精译】 家庭中的每个成员都可以看到,在很大程度上是婚姻中获利与成本间的平衡导致了婚姻的组成、维系与破裂。2.【文章难句】 Much of the variations in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e.g. division of property, alimony, child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.【结构分析】 句子的主干是variations in marital stability can be explained by the variation in costs,imposed by society是一个省略的定语从句,修饰costs of dissolution。【句子精译】 社会施加在婚姻解体上的成本差异,如财产分割,赡养费,孩子的抚养及受到玷污的名声,导致了不同收入阶层婚姻稳定性的差异。3.【文章难句】 So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact family from coverage.【结构分析】 句子的主干是opportunities are.but this is not the result of AFDC regulations, 定语从句that exclude most intact family from coverage 修饰AFDC regulations。【句子精译】 因此,在贫困地区,导致家庭不稳定性的重要决定因素是能享受到福利的机会,而不是由于“子女家庭补助计划”把众多完整家庭排除在保护范围之外造成的。1.【文章难句】 Students, for example, commission and sell essays with such ease there that online “paper mills” devoted to this trade are one of the few dotcom business models still thriving.【结构分析】 本句的主干为: Students commission and sell essays with such . that.。此句为“such.that”引导的结果状语从句,“devoted to this trade”为过去分词短语作定语修饰“online paper mills”,“still thriving”为现在分词短语修饰“dotcom business models”。【句子精译】 举例说,学生们可以轻而易举地在网上委托别人写论文或是出售自己的论文。这就使得热衷于此行业的网上“论文工厂”成为当今少数繁荣的计算机商业典范。【结构分析】 句子的主干是opportunities are.but this is not the result of AFDC regulations, 定语从句that exclude most intact family from coverage 修饰AFDC regulations。【句子精译】 因此,在贫困地区,导致家庭不稳定性的重要决定因素是能享受到福利的机会,而不是由于“子女家庭补助计划”把众多完整家庭排除在保护范围之外造成的。2【文章难句】Worse, in the past, ill-conceived designs, safety scares and the regulatory delays they gave rise to made nuclear

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