2012年职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案(代码13).docx

2012年职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案(代码13)2012职称英语理工A试卷一、词汇选项：1.We almostran intoa Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us withoutsignaling.A. overtookB. hitC. passedD. found2.He shifted his position a little, in order toalleviatethe pain in hisleg.A. controlB. easeC. experienceD. suffer3.Our aim was toupdatethe health service, and we succeeded.A. offerB. provideC. fundD. modernize4.Every week the magazine presents theprofileof a well-known sportspersonality.A. descriptionB. successC. evidenceD. plan5.All the flats in the building had the samelayout.A. colorB. sizeC. functionD. arrangement6.Newborn babies candiscriminatebetween a mans and a womans voice.A. treatB. expressC. distinguishD. analyze7.The weather wascrispand clear and you could see the mountains fiftymiles away.A. hotB. heavyC. freshD. windy8.Nothing wouldinduceme to vote for him again.A. teachB. helpC. attractD. discourage9.When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist have apeep.A. chanceB. lookC.visitD. try10.Her comments about men areutterlyridiculous.A. slightlyB. partlyC. faintlyD. completely11.He waswearyof the constant battle between them.A. fondB. proudC. tiredD. afraid12.She moves from oneexoticlocation to another.A. unusualB. familiarC. similarD. proper13.He has been grantedasylumin France.A. protectionB. powerC.reliefD. license14.The photographsevokedmemories of ourA. storedB. blockedC.erasedD. refreshed15.The walls are made ofhollowconcrete blocks.A. emptyB.bigC. longD. new二、阅读判断Europaswatery underworldEuropa, one of Jupiters 63 known moons,looks bright and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Mileswithin its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquidwater. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well.Since we cant go diving into Europasdepths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moons surface forclues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one groupof strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark thetop of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S. Great Lakes.Pictures of Europa, which is slightlysmaller than Earths moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines andcracks known as “chaos terrains.” These chaotic places cover more than half ofEuropa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes theformations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vastunderground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface.For scientists who suspect that Europaalso may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake isexciting.“It would be great if these lakesharbored life,” Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study,told Science News. “But even if they didnt, they say that Europa is doingsomething interesting and active right now.”Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and her colleagueswanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couldnt rocket to Europa tosee for themselves, they searched for similar formations here on Earth. Theystudied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Thosefeatures on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scientists nowsuspect something similar might be happening on Europa: that as water and iceof different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This wouldexplain the jumbled ice sculptures.“Fracturing catastrophically disruptsthe ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,”Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could becausing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa.The new study suggests that on thismoon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies ofwater. That mixture may create an environment that supports life.16.The liquid water of an underground pool of Europa is estimated xxxxx of the US Greatlakes.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mention17.The strange ice patterns on Europa are formed as a result of a xxxxx undergroundwater pool.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mention18.Europa is the most recently discovered one among JupitersA. RightB. WrongC. Notmention19.The size of Europa is a bit larger than that of Earths moon.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mention20.Schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists xxxxx Europa.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mention21.The formations on Europas surface are rather unique in theA. RightB. WrongC. Not mention22.The existence of liquid water is a necessity for a life-supportA. RightB. WrongC. Not mention三、概括大意与完成句子Learnabout Noble Gases（惰性气体）1Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides inorder for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains anoble gas called helium(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogenbut hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, peopleshifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the propertiesof the noble gases.2People once believed that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. Forthis reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体). They werealso listed under Group 0 in theold periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence(价)electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when somenoble gas compounds were discovered.3 Thegases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties includebeing monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, andhaving low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon,Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmostcolumn of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you willnotice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge.Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的) weight whileRadon is the heaviest.4 Remember that chemical reactions occurbecause atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell.When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is notyet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell,meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This completenumber varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electronswhile the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be afew noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.A. what is theperiodic table?B. What are noblegases？C. What causes the lowchemical reactivity of noble gases?D. How were noblegases discovered?E. How were noblegases understood in the past?F. what are theapplications of noble gases?5because of their properties, noble gases have many importantapplications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance,liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁体).These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctorsuspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for MagneticResonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, withoutoperating on the patient.23.paragraph 2_E_24.paragraph 3_B_25.paragraph 4_C_26.paragraph 5_F_27.Noble gases are not very chemicallyA28.Among the elements of noble gases Helium is theB29.The required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell isD30.MRI may make operating on the patientFA. reactiveB. lightestC. importantD. completeE. flammableF. unnecessary四、阅读理解第一篇Gross NationalHappinessIn the last century, new technologyimproved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one countryresisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people andBuddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan,however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its peoplecould not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972,a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan tobecome modern, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countriesfor ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their GrossNational Product (GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number ofproducts sold increases, people say the country is making progress. KingWangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure hiscountrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased,the king could say that Bhutanwas making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measurecalled Gross National Happiness (GNH).GNH is based on certain principles thatcreate happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, andjobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. Theyare happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally,people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now there is some evidence of increasedGNH in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated andemployed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and thecountry has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear theirtraditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has alsobecome a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Althoughthe country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year.Bhutanhad political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan hasconnected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutanis a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. Theywant to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazilmay be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see theprinciples of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with adiverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhapsthe rest of the world will follow.31.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. Apresident.B. A Buddhistpriest.C. A king.D. A general.32.Apart from modernizing Bhutan,what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make itspopulation grow.B. To keep itseparate from the world.C. To keep its traditions and customs.D. To encourageits people to get rich.33.A country shows its progress with GNP byA. selling more products.B. spending moremoney.C. spending lessmoney.D. providingmore jobs.34.According to GNH, people are happier if theyA. have newtechnology.B. have a good, stable government.C. can changetheir religion.D. have moremoney.35.Today many countries areA. using theprinciples of GNH to measure their progress.B. workingtogether to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for socialprogress.D. trying to find their own ways tomeasure happiness.第二篇DownloadKnowledge Directly to Your BrainFor the first time, researchers havebeen able to hack into the process of learning in the brain, using inducedbrain patterns to create a learned behavior. Its not quite as advanced as aninstant kung-fu download, and its not as sleek as cognitive inception, butits still an important finding that could lead to new teaching andrehabilitation techniques.Future therapies could decode the brainactivity patterns of an athlete or a musician, and use them as a benchmark forteaching another person a new activity, according to the researchers.Scientists from BostonUniversity and ATR ComputationalNeuroscience Laboratories in Kyotoused functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to study the learningprocess. They were examining the adult brains aptitude for visual perceptuallearning, or VPL, in which repetitive training improves a persons performanceon a particular task. Whether adults can do this as well as young people hasbeen an ongoing debate in neuroscience.Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe,researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeedback to stimulate thevisual cortex. First they showed participants circles at differentorientations. Then they used fMRI to watch the participants brain activity.The researchers were then able to train the participants to recreate thisvisual cortex activity.The volunteers were again placed in MRImachines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors. The participants wereasked to “somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain” to makea solid green disc as large as they could. They were told they would get a paidbonus proportional to the size of this disc, but they werent told anythingabout what the disc meant. The researchers watched the participants brainactivity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.“Participants can be trained to control theoverall mean activation of an entire brain region,” the study authors write,“or the activation in one region relative to that in another region.”This worked even when test subjects werenot aware of what they were learning, the researchers said.“The most surprising thing in this study isthat mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specificvisual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature,without presenting the feature or subjects awareness of what was to be learned,”Watanabe said in a statement.Watanabe and colleagues said this methodcan be a powerful tool.“It can incept a person to acquire newlearning, skills, or memory, or possibly to restore skills or knowledge thathas been damaged through accident, disease, or aging, without a personsawareness of what is learned or memorized,” they write.36. what have researchers been ableto do with the help of the study?A. Discover apersons learning process in the brain.B. Make a person know how to do something without learning.C. Set up different learning patterns for different people.D. Enable people to learn kung fu instantly.37. what helps aperson to do a particular task better in visual perceptual learning?A. TestingB. EncouragementC. Self- assessmentD. Repetition38. which of thefollowing statements is true of the experiment participants?A.They learned how to control MRL machines in the experimentB. They werenot told what to be learned in the experimentC.They were paid to take part in the experimentD.They were not cooperative in the experiment39. the findingof the study is most significant in that learningA. is full offunB. is visualizedC. happens unconsciouslyD. becomes unnecessary40. who are mostlikely to benefit from the study?A. TeenagersB. MusiciansC. Senior peopleD. Athletes第三篇Small But WiseOn December 14, NASA1 blasted a smallbut mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about aswide around as a trashcan. Dont let its small size fool you: WISE has apowerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildestobjects2 in the known universe,including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dustwhere planets and stars are born.“Imvery excited because were going to be seeing parts of the universe that wehavent seen before, ” said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISEproject.Since arriving in space, the WISEtelescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit4( thismeans it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5). Its camerais pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of adifferent part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have takenpictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE wont be likeeveryday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for “Wide-field InfraredSurvey Explorer. ” As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures offeatures that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as awave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomesvisible in a rainbow, is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digitalcamera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visiblelight that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camerathrough the lens, theyre processed by the camera, which then puts the imagetogether.Waves of infrared radiation are longerthan waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras dont see them, andneither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longerinfrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.Thats a key idea to why WISE will beable to see things other telescopes cant. Not everything in the universe showsup in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float throughspace but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They dont reflectlight, so theyre difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, soan infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them