English-Academic-Writing--第二章.ppt

EnglishAcademicWriting Chapter2 ResearchTopic ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle Leadin 1 Doyouthinktheresearchtopicisimportant Whyorwhynot 2 Whenwechooseatopic whatshouldweconsider 3 Ingroupsofthreeorfour discussthecommonmethodstochooseresearchtopics Howdoyouusuallychooseyourresearchtopics 4 Doyouusetablesandfiguresinacademicpapers Whyorwhynot 5 Whatarethecommonpatternsforwritingessays ChapterTwo ResearchTopic PartOne ChoosingaTopicPartTwo TablesandFiguresPartThree CauseandEffect ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle 1 IntroductionTheimportanceofchoosingatitleisself evident itisthestartingpointofscientificresearch Indicatingtheperspective thedirectionandscaleofthepaper Determiningtheacademicvalueofscientific Bearingonthesuccessorfailureofthesiswriting ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle 2 PrinciplesofTitleSelectionValuePrincipleScientificPrincipleInnovativePrincipleFeasibilityPrinciple ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle 3 MethodsforChoosingaTitleIngeneral therearesixmainmethodsforchoosingaresearchtitle 1 Consultyourprofessororanexpert 2 Participateinacademicconferencesandacademiclectures 3 Selectfrompuzzlingproblems 4 Readbooksandnewspapers 5 Choosefromyourowninterests 6 Doliteraturereviews ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle 4 WaystoNarrowDownTitlesStep1 choosingageneraltopicStep2 narrowingitdowntoasmallerandmorefeasibletopic E g Literature LiteraryCriticismLiteraryCriticismatCambridgeDevelopmentofLiteraryCriticismatCambridge Translation FactorsinTranslationCulturalFactorsinTranslationCulturalFactorsinTranslationandTheirTransfer ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle Activity1 Inpairsorgroups pleasenarrowdownthefollowingtopicstomorepracticalresearchtopics Languageteaching Humanities Learningstrategies Writing Syllabus ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle key Languageteaching Competency basedapproachinlanguageteachingCompetency basedapproachincollege Englishteaching Humanities StudiesintheHumanitiesStudiesintheHumanitiesinChinaProblemsYoungChineseFaceWhenChoosingHumanitiesStudiesinaBusiness OrientedSociety Learningstrategies EnglishlearningstrategiesAffectivestrategyinEnglishlearning WritingAcademicWritingTheProcessofAcademicWritingDocumentationintheProcessofAcademicWriting Syllabus SyllabuscomparisonSyllabuscomparisonincollegeSyllabuscomparisonincollegeofChina ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle 5 PurposesofaTitleAttractingthereaders attentionAidingininformationretrievalFacilitatingreviewandlayout ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle 6 StandardsforGoodTitlesGenerallyspeaking thetitleshouldbeshort accurate complete self contained andconvenientforretrieval includekeywords avoidinaccurate vagueandtoo longexpressions 1 AccuracyE g Originaltitle DevelopmentandExplorationonUtilizationofNewResourcesfortheCountrysideRevisedtitle UtilizationofMarshGasfortheCountryside ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle 2 BrevityE g Originaltitle OntheAdditiontotheMethodofMicroscopicResearchbyaNewWayofProducingColor ContrastBetweenanObjectandItsBackgroundorBetweenDefinitePartsoftheObjectItselfRevisedtitle ANewWayofProducingColor ContrastinMicroscopicExamination ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle 3 ClarityThetitleshouldclearlyreflectthesubjectofthepaper Title IncorporationofaNon HumanGlycanMediatesHumanSusceptibilitytoaBacterialToxinConclude ThistitlefromNaturemagazineclearlyreflectstheobjective contentandmethodofthepaper ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle Activity2 Evaluatethefollowingtitlesanddecidewhethertheyarefeasibleresearchtopicsaccordingtotheprinciplesforagoodtitle 1 AStudyonChomsky sUniversalGrammarandLanguageAcquisition 2 AnalysisofInterlanguageinChineseCollegeStudents EnglishWriting 3 ExploringInterlanguageofChineseEFLLearners BasedonaCaseStudyofErrorAnalysis 4 AStudyofLanguageTransferinInterlanguage ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle Key 1 toobroad 2 feasible 3 feasible 4 toobroad ChapterTwoPartOne ChoosingaTitle 7 WritingFormatsforTitlesTitlesareusuallywritteninthefollowingthreeformats Allthelettersofthetitlearecapitalized Thefirstletterofeachcontentwordsofthetitleiscapitalized Thefirstletterofthetitleiscapitalized Thetitleassignedafterthepaperiswrittenshouldtrulyreflectthebasiccontentandfocusofthepaper Thenumberofwordsinthetitleisalsoanimportantissue Publishersusuallylimitthetitletonomorethanfifteenwords Sometimes whenlongtitlescannotadequatelyexpressthecontentofthepaper then asubtitleapproachcanbeadoptedtosupplementandclarify gotomain ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures 1 IntroductionInliberalartsorscientificpapers tablesandillustrationsarefrequentlyusedtohelpreadersunderstandthecontent Tablesandfiguresareusedasamoreefficientwaytoconveyinformationthanverbaldescription ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures 2 TablesSomewidelyobservedguidelinesfortheuseoftablesare Thetableshouldbeself contained Atableisusuallyplacedinapositionnearitsrelevantdescription Provideeachtablewithanumber Table1 Table2 etc andatitle Thetitleshouldbeclear concise completeandaccurate Trytousedescriptivewords notabbreviatedforms Thereshouldbenopunctuationattheendofthetitle Thetitleofatableordiagrammostcommonlyfollowsthesamethreemethodsasgivenaboveforthepapertitle ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures Theformatofthecolumntitle Thefirstletterofthefirstwordandpropernounsarecapitalized otherwordsareinlowercase Thereisnopunctuationincolumntitles Ifyouuseabbreviations usecommonacronyms Notesoftable Toexplainthecolumntitle abbreviations symbolsanddata addnotesorfootnotesatthebottomofthetable Donotrepeatinformationinatablethatyouaredepictinginagraphorhistogram includeatableonlyifitpresentsnewinformation Itiseasiertocomparenumbersbyreadingdownacolumnratherthanacrossarow ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures 3 FiguresFiguresrefertoexplanatorymaterials maps photos images graphs histogramsandillustrations 1 GraphsandHistograms 2 DrawingsandPhotographs 3 GuidelinesforFigures 4 TypesofFigures ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures 3 GuidelinesforFigures Self contained Numbereachfigure Fig 1 Fig 2 etc andgiveacaptionthatexplainswhatthefigureshows Illustrationsornote Usedifferentnamesinaseriestodistinguishdifferenttypesoffigures Figuressubmittedforpublicationmustbe photoready Proportionsmustbethesameasthoseonthepageofthepaper ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures 4 Typesoffigures Linecharts Barcharts Piecharts Scattercharts ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures ChapterTwoPartTwo TablesandFigures gotomain ChapterTwoPartThree CauseandEffect 1 IntroductionIneverydayconversation whenexpressingopinionsonatopic reasonstosupportitaregiven Ifbeginningwithacause itseffectswillbeexplained Ifbeginningwithsomeeffects theresponsiblecauseswillbeexplained Thesameistrueinwritingwherecauseandeffectusuallygotogether ChapterTwoPartThree CauseandEffect 2 PatternsofParagraph 1 Cause EffectparagraphDevelopmentpattern Effect1CauseEffect2Effect3 2 Effect CauseparagraphDevelopmentpattern Cause1EffectCause2Cause3 ChapterTwoPartThree CauseandEffect Activity3 AnalyzethestructureofExampleDifferentcountriesarestrivingtodeveloptheirnationaltourismbecausetourismreallyhasalotofadvantages Firstly beautifulscenery attractivetouristspotsandsplendidculturealluretouristswithdifferentpartsoftheworld whichprovidesmanyopportunitiestopromoteexchangesamongpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds Forexample sincethereformandopening up China acountrywhichhasrichtouristresources receivesmillionsofforeigntouristseveryyear ThefrequentcontactsbetweenforeigntouristsandChinesepeoplepromotetheexchangesofcultureandscience creatinginternationalfriendshipandpromotingdeeperunderstandingandstrengtheningties Meanwhilethishasacceleratedthedevelopmentofthesecountries Secondly travelenrichesone sknowledge widensone svisionandenhancesmutualunderstanding Inthepast Chinesepeopleknewlittleoftheoutsideworld Sincethereformandopening up withpeople slivingstandardgreatlyimproved moreandmorepeoplehavethechancestogoabroadforsightseeing Throughtraveling weChinesehaveexpandedourscopeofknowledge andwehavecometoknowtheworldbetterandhavebeenlearninghowtodevelopourowncountrybetter Thirdly tourismboostslocaleconomyandpromotescommercialexchanges Singaporeissuchagoodexample Itisasmallcountrywithscarcenaturalresources Butowingtotheprosperoustourism thecountry seconomydevelopsverywellanditisnamedoneofthefoureconomic tigers innortheasternAsia EN8848原版英语 2011 ChapterTwoPartThree CauseandEffect KeytoActivity3 Effect Differentcountriesarestrivingtodeveloptheirnationaltourismbecausetourismreallyha