定语从句讲解及练习

1 定语从句讲解及练习定语从句讲解及练习 一 定语从句的定义 一 定语从句的定义 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 如 1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman 2 You must do everything that I do 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词 定语从句放在先行后词的面 二 定语从句的分类 二 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词 主句与从句不用逗号分开 从句不可省去 非限制性定语 从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开 起补充说明作用 如省去 意思仍完整 三 三 定语从句的关系词 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的词有关系代词关系代词 that which who 宾格 whom 所有格 whose 和关系副词关系副词 where when why 关系词三个作用关系词三个作用 1 引导定语从句引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成分 在定语从句中担当一个成分 四 关系代词的用法 四 关系代词的用法 关关系系代代词词 引导定语从句时 关系代词在从句中充当 主主语语 宾宾语语或或定定语语 1 who 指人 在从句中做主语 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 2 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中充当宾语 常可省略 1 Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about 注意 关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替 可省略 2 The man who whom you met just now is my friend 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys which 在句子中做主语 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday which 在句子中做宾语 4 that 指人时 相当于 who 或者 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 The people that who come to visit the city are all here 在句子中做主语 2 Where is the man that whom who I saw this morning 在句子中做宾语 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor 2 The classroom whose door is broken is dirty 总总结结 关系代词引导定语从句时 可作主语 宾语 定语等句子成分 如 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语whowhichthat 宾语whom whowhichthat 定语whose of whom whose of which 1 This is the doctor who that came from London 2 The book which that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy 3 The desk whose leg is broken is very old 2 4 This is the room that which Linda was born in 注意注意 1 关关系系词词只只能能用用 which 而而不不用用 that 的的情情况况 a 先先行行词词为为 that those 时时 用用 which 而而不不用用 that 例如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b 关关系系代代词词前前有有介介词词时时 一一般般用用which 而而不不用用 that 例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 c 引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句 用用 which 而而不不用用 that 例如 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 2 关关系系词词只只能能用用 that 的的情情况况 a 先先行行词词被被序序数数词词或或形形容容词词最最高高级级所所修修饰饰 或或本本身身是是序序数数词词 基基数数词词 形形容容词词最最高高级级时时 只只能能 用用 that 而而不不用用 which 例如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 b 被被修修饰饰的的先先行行词词为为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等等不不定定代代词词时时 只只能能用用 that 而而不不用用 which 例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c 先先行行词词被被 the only the very the same the last little few 等等词词修修饰饰时时 只只能能用用 that 而而不不用用 which 例如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d 先先行行词词里里同同时时含含有有人人或或物物时时 只只能能用用that 而而不不用用 which 例如 I can remember well the persons and pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚记得我在那个房 间所见到的人和一些照片 e 以以 who 或或 which 引引导导的的特特殊殊疑疑问问句句 为为避避免免重重复复 只只能能用用that 例如 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 f 主主句句是是 there be 结结构构 修修饰饰主主语语的的定定语语从从句句用用that 而而不不用用 which 例如 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom 桌子上那本书是汤姆的 五 关系副词引的用法 五 关系副词引的用法 关关系系副副词词 引导定语从句时 关系副词在从句中充当 状状语语 关关系系副副词词 介介词词 关关系系代代词词 why for which where in at on which 介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配 when during on in which 介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配 1 where 指地点指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句 1 Shanghai is the city where I was born 2 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 2 when 引导定语从句表示时间时间 在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 1 I still remember the day when I first came to the school 2 The time when we got together finally came 注 表示时间 time 一词的定语从句只用只用 when 引导 有时不用任何关系代词 当然也不用 that 引 导 By the time you arrived in London we had stayed there for two weeks I still remember the first time I met her 3 why 指原因指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 3 1 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 2 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today 注意注意 1 介词后面的关系代词不能省略 介词后面的关系代词不能省略 2 that 前不能有介词 前不能有介词 3 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词介词 关系词关系词 结构结构可以同定语从句中关 系副词 when where 和和 why 互换互换 This is the house in which I lived two years ago This is the house where I lived two years ago Do you remember the day on which you joined our club Do you remember the day when you joined our club This is the reason why he came late This is the reason for which he came late 定语从句专项练习定语从句专项练习 一 一 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 1 The boy is my younger brother He was here a minute ago 2 The old man is a professor He teaches chemistry in a college 3 Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square The foreign visitors live there 4 The woman is here now You talked about her just now 5 This is the hall We listened to the report in it the other day 6 The car was going 90 miles an hour The car just passed us 7 The reason is not clear He refused my invitation 8 I enjoyed reading the book You gave me a book last week 9 I prefer the sweater The sweater is yellow 10 I spoke to the boy The boy s father is a professor 二 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1 The house we live in is very big 2 The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever 3 This is the present he gave me for my birthday 4 The man talked to you just now is an engineer 5 He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited 6 There is nothing in the world can frighten him 4 7 She wears a gold ring is very uncommon in our class 8 We visited a factory makes toys for children 9 Is this the place your father once lived 10 I ll never forget the days I joined the League 三 单项填空 1 Who is the man was talking to our English teacher Oh It s Mr Baker our math teacher A he B that C whom D which 2 I hate the people don t help others when they are in trouble A who B which C they D where 3 The foreigner visited our school is from Canada A which B when C who D whom 4 George Mallory was an English teacher loved climbing A who B whom C he D which 5 This is the place I have ever visited A there B when C where D which 6 Nobody knows the reason she didn t come to the meeting A that B which C why D when 7 The moon is a world there is no life A that B which C where D why 8 He has forgotten the day he arrived A when B wher