高考英语语法基础考前快速复习-动词的时态和语态

嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 1 页 共 5 页 2012 高考英语考前高考英语考前 10 天语法过一遍天语法过一遍 六 动词的六 动词的时态和语态时态和语态 1 常用常考的动词时态和用法 以 do 为例 名称构成用法 一般现在时 do does 连系动词 is am are 1 一般现在时表示经常发生 习惯性动作 客观真理 科学事实 格言 目前的特征 状态 能力等 2 主句是一般将来时 时间 条件状语从句中用一般现 在时表示将来 I ll go there after I finish my work If it rains tomorrow I won t go there 3 在以 here there 开头的句子里 go come 等少数动 词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作 There goes the bell 铃响了 There comes the bus 汽车来了 Here she comes 她来了 一般过去时 did 连系动词 was were 表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况 或 过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为 现在进行时is am are doing 1 表示正在进行的动作 2 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作 She is leaving for Beijing 她要去北京 He is working as a teacher tomorrow 从明天起他要做老师 My father is coming to see me this Saturday 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我 3 代替一般现在时 描绘更加生动 The Changjiang River is flowing into the east 长江江水滚滚向东流 The sun is rising in the east 太阳从东方冉冉升起 过去进行时was were doing 1 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 这一过去时间须用时间状语表示 He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday 2 表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行 They were still working when I left 3 用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生 I was writing while he was watching TV 4 表示过去将来动作 He said she was arriving the next day 现在完成时has have done 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果 说 话时已 完成的动作 I have finished the report She has cleand the room 2 表示从过去开始 待续到现在的动作或状态 往往 和 for since 表述的一段时间状语连用 He has learned English for six years 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 2 页 共 5 页 They have worked here since they left college 3 表示 曾经到过某地 人已回来 用 have has been to 表示 到某地去了 还未回来 用 have has gone to Where is Li Hua He has gone to the reading room She knows a lot about Shanghai She has been there 4 短暂动词 即瞬间动词 join lose buy borrow leave go come arrive die marry finish complete begin start break out 等 在完成时态 中 其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用 不 能说 He has joined the army for three years 要翻译 他已参军已经三年了 可采用 ago 法 He joined the army three years ago 延续法 He has been in the army for three years since 法 It is has been three years since he joined the army 过去完成时had done 1 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作 He had shut the door before the dog came up Everything had been all right up till this morning 2 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到 另一个过去时刻才完成 甚至还要继续下去 At the age of ten he had learned 500 English words He had been ill for a week when we learned about it 3 常用 hope expect think intend want suppose 等动词 的 过去完成时来表示未实现的希望 打算或意图 We had expected that you would be able to win the match 将来完成时will shall have done 用来表示在将来某个时刻 前 将完成的动作 常和 by 短 语 when before 引起的时间状语连用 We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term 现在完成进行 时 has have been doing 用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在 还要 继续下 去 的动作 He has been doing the maths problems since 8 00 过去完成进行 时 had been doing 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一 个过去时刻才完成 还将继续下去 一般将来时will shall do一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 3 页 共 5 页 is am are going to do is am are about to do 详见下面 2 一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较 过去将来时 would should do was were going to do was were about to do 1 相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的 状态 He told me he would go to Beijing 他告诉我他将去北 京 I was told that he was going to return home 有人告诉我他准备回家 2 would do 表示过去的习惯 总是 总会 常常 He would sit silent for hours 他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着 2 一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较 将来时用 法例 句 1 be doing 进行 时表将来 go come start move leave arrive 等词可用进行时表示按计 划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south Are they leaving for Europe 2 be about to 动 词原形 表示安排或计划中的马上就要 发生的动作 后面一般不跟时 间状语 I was about to leave when the bell rang The meeting is about to close 3be to 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意 见 We re to meet at the school gate at noon 4 一般现在时表将 来 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定 好的事情 可用一般现在时表 示将来 The meeting starts at five o clock The plane leaves at ten this evening 3 容易混淆的时态比较 项 目区 别例 句 现在完成时强 调过去动作对 现在产生的影 响或造成的结 果 We haven t heard from Jane for a long time What do you suppose to her A was happening B happens C has happened D happened 说明 说话者强调 Jane 目前的状况 Mr Lee who as a carpenter for over 10 years is now a very famous statesman in this country A has worked B had workedC workedD works 只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在 一般过去 时与现在 完成时的 比较 一般过去时只 表达过去的动 作或状态 Hello I you were in London How long here A don t know were you B hadn t known are you C haven t known are D didn t know have you been 说明 didn t know 强调见面前不知道 I read the novel last month 只说明上个月看了 不涉及现在是否记住 现在完成 时与现在 完成进行 时的比较 着重表示动作 的结果时 用 现在完成时 I have read that book 我读过那本书了 知道那本书的内容 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 4 页 共 5 页 着重表示动作 一直在进行 即动作的延续 性时 则用现 在完成进行时 Hi Tracy you look tired I am tired I the living room all day A painted B had painted C have been painting D have painted 说明 强调动作从过去到现在的延续 现在进行时表 示现在某个时 候或某段时间 正在进行的动 作 I don t really work here I until the new secretary A just help out comes B have just helped out will come C am just helping out comes D will just help out has come 说明 指目前一段时间正在发生的动作 until 引导的是时间状语从句 动词需用一般现在时 现在进行 时与过去 进行时的 比较 过去进行时表 示某个时候或 某段时间正在 进行的动作 Hey look where you are going Oh I m terribly sorry A I m not noticing B I wasn t noticing C I haven t noticed D I don t notice 说明 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情 一般过去时只 表达过去的动 作或状态 Tom into the house when no one A slipped was noticing B had slipped noticed C slipped had noticed D was slipping noticed 说明 slip 和 notice 为同时发生的动作 因此 B C 为错误选项 slipped 指过去有结果的动作 他溜 进去了 when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况 没有人注意 一般过去 时与过去 进行时的 比较 过去进行时表 示某个时候或 某段时间正在 进行的动作 He a book about China last year but I don t know if he it A wrote has finished B was writing has finished C was writing had finished D wrote will finish 说明 正确选项为 B 从 I don t know if he has finished it 推断 他去年一直在写 II 动词的被动语态 常用被 动语态 构 成 常用被动语 态 构 成 1一般现 在时 am is are done6过去进行时was were being done 2一般过 去时 was were done7现在完成时have has been done 3一般将 来时 shall will be done8过去完成时had been done 4过去将 来时 should would be done9将来完成时will would have been done 5现在进 行时 am is are being done10 含有情态动 词的 can must may be done 注 意 事 项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加 not 短语动词的被动态不可漏 掉其中介副词 固定结构 be going to used to have to had better 变为被动态时 只需将其后的动词变为被动态 Trees should not be planted in summer The boy was made fun of by his classmates Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 5 页 共 5 页 汉语有一类句子不出现主语 在英语中一般可用被动结构表示 It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said that It is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 被动语态的句型 1 常见句式是 主语 受动者 be 过去分词 by 施动者 He was scolded by the English teacher 2 主语 get 过去分词 其它成分 The boy got drowned last summer She got fired because of her faults 使用这种结构不能带有 by 施动者 3 带有双宾语 直接宾语和间接宾语 的主动句变为动句 其主语可以是直接宾语 也可以是间接宾语 She lent me a bike 被动 I was lent a bike by her A bike was lent to me by her 4 情态动词 be 过去分词 This problem must be worked out in half an hour 5 双重被动式 主语 被动式谓语 不定式的被动式 其它成分 These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room The murderer was ordered to be shot 下面主动形式常表示被动意义 1 不及物动词与状语连用 用以表示主语的品质和状态 常见动词是 cut sell read write fill cook lock wash 等 This knife cuts well 这把刀好切 These books sell well 这些书好卖 The pen writes smoothly 这支笔写起来流畅 Meat won t keep long in such hot weather 肉在这样热的天气里放不长久 The cloth washes well 这种布好洗 2 一些连系动词的主动式 形容词 常见动 look smell taste sound feel prove turn out 等 The apples taste good The flower smells wonderful The news proved turned out true Cotton feels soft 不可变为被动语态的几种情况 1 I t