关于虚拟语气的知识点整理

精品文档 1欢迎下载 关于虚拟语气的知识点整理关于虚拟语气的知识点整理 虚拟语气的重点是 1 一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构 2 虚拟语气的特殊形式 即用来表示要求 建议 命令 提议 意愿等的主语从句 宾语从句 表语 从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式 3 主从句表示不同的时间概念 事实或假设情况 从而交错成为复合虚拟语气 4 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在 尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面 的知识的题目 而在阅读理解里 我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助 了 解哪些观点是作者假设的 虚拟的 哪些是真实的 这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题 一 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 1 由 wish 引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A 用 wish 表示对现在的愿望时 它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 过去式 be 动词用 were B 用 wish 表示对将来的愿望时 它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 would could might 动 词原形 C wish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时 宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为 had 动词过 去分词或 could would have 动词过去分词 The picture exhibition bored me to death I wish I had not gone to it I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon That s all right but I wish he would buy one of his own I wish that he weren t so lazy 2 had hoped 引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为 would 动词原形 表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令 人失望的事 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him but his son became an artist later 3 would had rather would as soon would sooner 和 would prefer 所引起的从句中要求用过去 式表示当时或将来的情况 用过去完成时表示过去的情况 表示希望或婉转的责备 例如 I d rather you posted the letter right away 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去 I would prefer he didn t stay there too long 我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了 4 It s high about time that 句型中 that 从句中要求用虚拟语气形式 即动词要用过去式 It s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown It is high time that we put an end to this discussion 现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了 5 as 或者 whether or 谓语多用 be 的原形 引导让步虚拟从句 这种用法通常采用倒装结构 Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions be they Christian Islamivc Buddhist Jewish and so on The business of each day be it selling goods or shipping them went quite smoothly 6 由连接词 in case so that unless lest for fear that 引起的状语从句中 谓语动词要用 虚拟形式 即 should might would 动词原形 例如 She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了 毯子以免他着凉 The bad man was put in the soft padded cell lest he injure himself 7 if it were not for 与现在事实相反 if it had not been for 与过去事实相反 两个都相当 精品文档 2欢迎下载 于 but for If it had not been for his help but for his help we would not have succeeded 8 虚拟语气用于 as if though 引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中 其动词形式与 wish 宾语从句 的形式相同 例如 She often laughs spontaneously and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above 她常常发出发自内心的微笑 而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道 明亮的阳光一样 常常流露出来 They talked as if they had been friends for years 他们交谈着 就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样 She looks as if she would cry 她看起来好像要哭了 9 其它各种句型 as though suppose had rather supposing if only 等等 If I were in a movie then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry 二 特殊形式的虚拟语气 虚拟语气的特殊形式 即用来表示要求 建议 命令 提议 意愿等的主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 和同位语从句中的虚拟形式 其虚拟语气的构成往往是由 should 可省略 动词原形 that 从句 A 用于表示意愿 建议 命令 提议 请求等动词后的 that 宾语从句中 这类动词有 ask 要求 advise 建议 arrange 安排 beg 请求 command 命令 decide 决定 demand 要求 desire 渴望 determine 决定 insist 坚持 intend 打算 maintain 坚持主张 move 建议 动员 propose 提议 object 反对 order 命令 prefer 建议 require 需要 request 要求 resolve 下决心 recommend 推荐 suggest 建议 stipulate 约定 规定 urge 强调 促进 vote 公认 提议 decree 颁布 法令 pray 请求 注意 这类动词后面除了可接 that 虚拟句以外 也可以接 doing 或者 to do 来表达 一般情况下 意思没有什么差别 She advised that we should keep the gate locked 书面体 She advised us to keep the gate locked 口语 She advised keeping the gate locked 较随便 B 用于 It is 形容词或过去分词 主语从句中 这类形容词或分词有 advisable 合理的 decided 决定的 crucial 关键的 appropriate 恰当的 determined 决定的 commanded 命令的 arranged 安排的 essential 紧要的 基本的 complied 遵照 anxious 焦急的 imperative 迫切的 important 重要的 desirable 合意的 better 较好的 更好 insistent 坚持的 desired 想要 asked 请求 keen 渴望的 incredible 难以置信的 adamant 坚定不移的 natural 自然的 insisted 坚持 necessary 必要的 suggested 建议 urgent 紧迫的 ordered 命令 shocked 震惊的 vital 极其重要的 possible 可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable 好一点 proposed 提议 requested 要求的 required 要求的 recommended 推荐 resolved 决定的 probable 可能的 pity 可惜 憾事 shame 遗憾 注意 这类形容词后面除了可接 that 虚拟句以外 也可以 for to do 来表达 一般情况下 意思没有什么差别 It is essential that he should be prepared for this It is essential for him to be prepared for this C 用于由表示建议 要求 命令 请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中 这类名词常见 精品文档 3欢迎下载 的有 advice 忠告 decision 决定 demand 要求 desire 要求 愿望 insistence 坚持 motion 提议 necessity 必要性 order 命令 preference 偏爱 proposal 提议 pray 恳求 recommendation 推荐 request 要求 requirement 要求 resolution 决心 suggestion 劝告 忠告 例如 This is their resolution that extra curriculum activities be made part of their school life 这是他们的决议 要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分 The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record 该提议要求把最 后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉 三 混合虚拟语气 有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间 这时需要用混合虚拟语气 一般来说 在这种情况下 主从 句谓语动词指代的时间不同 所以我们又可以错综时间条件句 在这种虚拟情况 动词形式应根据实际情况 灵活使用 在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语 时间状语 绝大多数情况下 从句或者主句都 有相关的时间状语 这是我解题的关键 If you that late movie last night you wouldn t be so sleepy A haven t watched B didn t watch C hadn t watched D wouldn t have watched 答案选 C Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something Had Paul received six more votes in the last election he would be our chairman now 混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句 这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同 而重要是 事实和假设的混合 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible but I was fully occupied the whole of last week 该句前半部分是假设虚拟 而后半部分是事实的陈述 Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time 该句前半句用的是假设虚拟 后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟 如果你去并且解释的话 但是后半句的 从句用的是事实语气 因为 父母病了 是客观事实 故不需要用虚拟形式 had been 四 含蓄虚拟条件句 含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句 而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件 但是这类隐含式 虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为 if 引导的条件句 常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有 1 介词或介词短语 如 but for but that without in case of under more favorable condition 等 the leadership of the party we could not be living a happy today If there hadn t been the leadership of the party we could not be living a happy today A In spite of B But for C Because of D As for 答案选 B But that she was afraid she would have said no 2 连词 如 so that unless in case supposing lest provided 倘若 for fear that 唯恐 in order that on condition that if only 要是 就好了 等 She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted if she listened carefully she might discover exactly what he wanted If only I had more money I could buy a car 注 lest for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用 should 动词原形 但可以不用虚 精品文档 4欢迎下载 拟语气 而用动词的陈述语气形式 例如 The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我 们听不懂 Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur 在使用此法时要小心谨慎 以免会发生溢流现象 3 通过上下文及内在含义 句中往往有 but otherwise unfortunately 等类似转折词 I thought the children when we returned home but they were still awake A were sleeping B would be sleeping C had been sleeping D would sleep 选择 B 4 形容词及其比较级 A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes A less conscientious man wouldn t have tried so hard to get this job done 5 分词短语 Having known in time we might have prevented the accident Born ten days earlier the boy could have seen his late father 6 动词不定式短语 一般 intended meant hoped wished planned 或 was were 不定式完成式或 had intended meant planned hoped wished 不定式一般式表示虚拟 I intended I should call on you but I was busy at that time To hear him speak French you would take him for an Englishman She would be stupid not to accept his invitation It would be easier to do it this way 7 名词短语和名词 and 结构 A judicious