英语动词分类表

1 英 语 动 词 的 种 类 提示 以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准 有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词 掌握动词 的用法和搭配 以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法 切记 有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词 因此 我们要特别注意一词 多义现象 动词的种类分类总表 更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容 1 只作情态动词使用 can could must may might ought to 2 可作情态动词 也可作实义动 词 need dare 3 可作情态动词 也可作助动词 shall should will would 情 态 动 词 4 勉强可作情态动词 have to had better used to 1be 形式变化 am is are was were been being 同时是实义和系动 词 2do 形式变化 does did 同时是实义动词 3have 形式变化 has had having同时是实义动词 4shall 形式变化 should同时是情态动词 助 动 词 5will 形式变化 would同时是情态动词 1 状态系动 词 be 2 表像系动 词 look appear seem 3 感官系动 词 feel smell sound taste 4 持续系动 词 keep rest remain continue last lie stand stay 5 变化系动 词 become grow turn go get fall come run 系 动 词 6 终止系动 词 prove turn out 特别说明 这里列举的所有系 动词本身都是实义 动词 但它们表示 的意思不同 请注 意结合句意去理解 判断 请 你 参 考 复 习 以 前 发 放 的 资 料 不及物动词 vi 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词 vi 后面若要跟宾语 必须加上介词 1 及物动词 vt 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词 vt 后面可以直接跟宾语 有不少的动词既是 及物动词又是不及 物动词 区别在于 它所表示的含义有 所不同 第 2 页 有 更 多 内 容 静态动词是表示静止状态的动词 一般不用于进行时态 A 表示存在 从属意义的动词 如 be 是 have 有 own exist live belong to B 与五官感觉有关的 动词 如 hear see feel taste smell 及 watch notice observe find catch C 表示心理状态或情感状态的动 词 believe consider expect envy suppose feel think find forget hate hope imagine know like love mind realize regret suppose understand want wish 静 态 动 词 D 接度量衡名词的动词 数词 单位 这些动词的主语通常是物 weigh cost cover last take extend stand measure number total carry contain seat 实 义 动 词 2 动 态 动态动词是表示运动状态的动词 可用于进行时态 2 A 延续性动词 表示行为或过程 能持久地继续下去或能产生持 久的影响 eat listen read run walk work write B 终止性动词 表示行为或过 程是短暂的或瞬时间完成结 束 arrive begin break bring buy catch close come die discover fall leave open put on take off sell start stop return go jump 第 3 页 有更多 相关内 容 动 词 C 表示状态改变或位置转移的 动词 arrive change come die go land 着陆 leave A 表示 使 令 让 叫 等意义的动词 如 make have let get keep 3 使役 动词 B 表示 使人 令人 的心理状态的动词 如 interest excite astonish move amuse surprise sb 第 4 页 有更多 相关内 容 4 表示动作的动词 表示状态的动词 表示结果的动词 put on wear be on look at see look for find listen to hear study learn try to do manage to do prepare for be prepared for advise persuade 等 请大家 注意积 累 A 谓语动词 在句子中作谓语的动词 注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化 在句子中不是用作谓语的动词 变化形式 进行式 完成式 被动式 否定式 A 不定式 to do 形式变化 to have done to have been done to be doing not to do B 动名词doing 形式变化 not doing C 现在分 词 doing 形式变化 having done having been done not doing not having done not having been done 5 B 非 谓 语 动 词 D 过去分 词 done 形式变化 not done 今后有 专题复 习有关 内容 相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分 重点内容 vi 用法 1 主语 vi 状语 不及物动词 ache hurt appear bathe bleed breathe cheer clap cough cycle dance disappear dive drown exercise continue exist fade fall fish float flow hurry freeze hibernate leak matter pour quarrel rain recover run settle sew ship rest rise rot shop sigh ski sink sit skate sleep speak snow sound travel swim act come go cry blow smile sleep run retire fly jump stand 不及物动词短语 show up break down break out turn up die away die out give out run up 及 物 动 词 与 不 及 物 动 词 vi 用法 2 主语 vi 介词 宾 语 aim at look at stare at stay at glance at laugh at contact with sb deal with disagree with end in up with wait for depend on operate on rely on insist on doing live in on belong to sb come to sb go to happen to sb lie to in listen to object to occur to refer to relate to reply to return to stick to sth graduate from suffer from fail in succeed in doing fall off onto struggle for against vote for against care for about apologize to sb for doing argue about sth with sb die in from of talk about sth to sb think of about over compete in sth with sb agree to with on work on at in for arrive in at 要熟记它们的搭配 listen to sb sound like sth hear sb arrive in at get to reach belong to sb own sth possess sth lie in be situated in be located in vt 与 vi 近 义 词 contact with sb touch sb talk tell work for sb serve sb reply to answer 3 appear show sth to sb rise go up increase raise sit seat sb look at see watch succeed in doing manage sth to do break in break into go out turn off look for find give in give up agree with sb promise sb A 既可以用作及物 又可以用作不及 物的动词 其意 义不变 如 begin 开始 Everybody our game begins Let us begin our game 类似的还有 start answer sing close consider insist read learn prepare pay hurt improve B 既可以用 作及物又 可以用作 不及物的 动词 其 意义完全 不同 如 lift 作不及物动词时是指烟雾的 消散 we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted 作及物动词时是 升高 举起 He lifted his glass and drank 类似的还有 beat vi 心脏 跳动 vt 敲 打 grow vi 生长 vt 种植 play vi 玩耍 vt 打 牌 球 演奏 smell vi 发出 气味 vt 嗅 ring vi 电话 铃 响 vt 打电话 speak vi 讲话 vt 说 语 言 hang vi 悬挂 vt 绞死 operate vi 动手术 vt 操作 run vi 跑步 褪色 vt 经营 对 比 C 有的及物动词加上介词后 表示的意思不同 如 allow 允许 allow for 考虑到 感 官 动 词 感官动词 hear see feel watch notice observe find catch look at hear listen to 的用法归 纳总结 感官动词 sb do doing sth done 1 后接不带 to 的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作 When you go to watch the football match you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win 2 后接 V ing 形式表示正在进行的动作 Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea we let out a shout of joy Hearing this I felt my heart beating fast 3 后接 V ed 形式表示被动意义 After his return twenty years later he found his home town greatly changed Although I had learnt some English I had never heard a word of it spoken 试比较 注意理解 I heard him sing a song 我听他唱了一首歌 指自始至终整个过程 I heard him singing a song 我听见他正在唱歌唱 指当时动作的某个片断 I heard a song sung 我听见 有人 唱歌 逻辑主语 歌 与 唱 是被动关系 注 左边的是终止性动词 瞬间动词 右边的是延续性动词 更多的终止性动词 瞬间动词 borrow finish go join kill hit leave lend die marry reach recognize borrow keep buy have become be put on wear move to live in recognize know catch a cold have a cold get to know know open sth keep sth open leave be away from begin start be on die be dead finish be over return be back join be in 组织机构 be a member of 组织机构 come here be here go there be there come back be back fall asleep be asleep get to arrive reach be in go get out be out fall ill be ill get up be up 延 续 性 动 词 与 终 止 性 动 词 的 对 比 在有表示时间的场合 要注意根据句子或上下文提供的时间关系判断句子中的动词该使 用延续性动词还是终止性动词 4 1 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时 间的 点时间 状语连用 但 come begin get to 延续性 动词可表示一瞬间的动作 点时间 指具体某一时间点 段时间 指某一时间内 It rained at eight yesterday morning 误 因为 rain 为延续性动词 而 at eight 表示 点时间 前 后矛盾 It began to rain at eight yesterday morning 正 When did you get to know Jack Two years ago Then you ve known each other for more than two years That s right 2 终止性动词可以用于 when 引导的时间 状语从句中 但不可以用于 while 引导 的时间状语从句中 when 表示的时间 是 点时间 从句谓语动词用终止性动词 也可以是 段时间 从句谓语动词用延 续性动词 而 while 表示的是一个较长 的时间或过程 从句谓语动词一般只能 用延续性动词 When we reached London it was twelve o clock reach 为终止性动词 when 不可用 while 替换 Please look after my daughter while when we are away be away 为延续性动词短语 I haven t left here for 3 years I haven t heard from him for 3 weeks 3 终止性动词的完成时态 表示动作的完 成并产生了影响与结果 但一般不能与 表示延续的时间段短语 for 或 since 以及 How long 连用 终止 性动词否定式除外 He has joined the League 他已经入团 He has been a League member for three years He has been in the League for three years The old man died 4 years ago The old man has been dead for 4 years It is 4 years since the old man died Four years has passed since the old man died I bought the book 5 days ago I have had the book for 5 days 4 注意句型 1 It is 一段时间 since 从句 终止性 动词的过去时 一段时间 has passed since 从句 终 止性动词的过去时 句子的含义是 自从 起 有 多长 的时间 如果在 since 从句中的谓语动词是延续 性动词的现在完成时 那么与其一般过 去时的含义就完全相反了 注意比较理解 I have been at school since I have been ill 我生病以来一直在学校里 I have been at school since I was ill 我病愈以来一直在学校里 It s 4 years since Mr Li smoked 李先生戒烟已有四年了 It is four months since my elder sister went to Britain 我姐姐去英国已有四个月了 More than three years has passed since Mary came to China 玛丽来中国已有三年多了 5 注意句型 2 not 终止性动词 until till 意为 直到 才 延续性动词 until till 表示 一直延续到 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight 今天晚上直到我画完画 我才 上床睡觉 I won t leave till my parents come back 我将呆 在家里直到我父母回来 言外之意是 我父母 不回来 我就一直呆在家里 我父母回来后我 就离开家 I didn t receive the notice until last evening 直 到昨天晚上我才收到通知 言外之意是 昨天 晚上前我一直没有接到通知 We worked until 11 00 yesterday evening 我们 昨天晚上一直工作到 11 点 高 考 中 常 见 使 1 make make sb do sth 使 让 逼某人做某事 被动形式 sb be made to do make sth done 使 让某事得以 make sb adj 使某人处于 的状态 make sb sth 使 让某人成为 She will make a good wife 她会成为一个好 妻子 make oneself done 使某人的 为他人所 make oneself heard understood 5 2 have have sb do sth 使 让 请某人做某事 have sb doing 使 让某人一直做某事 have sth done 请 让某人做某事 招致或遭遇到 不好的事情 have sb adj 使 让 某人处于 的状态 It had the salesmen busy around 3 let let sb do sth 让 允许某人做某事 let sb 介词短语 让某人处于 的状 态 4 keep keep sb doing sth 使 让某人一直做某事 keep sb sth 介词短语 让某人或某物处于 的状态 5 get get sb to do sth 请 让某人做某事 Would you please get them to bring down the price get sth done 请 让某人做某事 I ll get my hair cut get sb doing 请 让某人一直做某事 The joke got us laughing 6 leave leave sb to do sth 让某人做 干某事 We ll leave them to run the shop leave sb doing sth 让某人继续处于某种状态 Don t leave her waiting outside in the rain leave sth done 让某事保持 的状态 The workers left the rest of the work untouched 工人们对余下的工作动都没有动 一下 7 cause cause sb to do sth 使得 促使 引起某人做某事 What caused him to quit his job 是什么原因使他辞职的 8 lead lead sb to do sth 使得 引导某人做某事 What led you to think so lead sb in doing sth 领导某人 带领某人干某事 The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up 9 force force sb to do sth 迫使 强迫某人做某事 The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms 警察迫使罪犯放下武 器 10 drive drive sb adj 使 逼迫某人变成 的状态 The loud noise have driven us mad drive sb to do sth 迫使 逼迫某人做某事 He drove her to admit it 他逼迫她承 认 drive sb 介词短语 迫使 逼迫某人进入 的境地 The men drove the young man to the wall 这几个人把这青年人逼得走投无路 11 oblige oblige sb to do sth 使某人 按法律 条约 合约等要求 而必须做某事 The scandal obliged the minister to resign 这一丑闻迫使部长辞职 12 send send sb doing sth 使某人进入 特定状态 迫 使某人处于 的状态 The slightest touch will send us floating away from in the opposite direction in space send sb 介词短语 迫 使某人进入 的状态 The failure sent him into discouragement send sb to do sth 派某人干某事 13 set set sb to do sth 使某人开始或着手做某事 set sb doing sth 使某人开始或着手 做某事 They set him to mow the lawn 他们