初中英语知识点小结周宁柱

初中知识点归纳小结 一 how many 问多少 问的是可数名词 how much 问多少 但是问的是不可数名词 how long 问的可以是时间长度多指过去用 for 时间段 how soon 问的是是将来的时间有多少 in 时间段 how soon will you be back in a week how often 问频率用 once a week three times a day 这样的回 频率副词和短语有 often sometimes usually once twice three times a week 等 How often do you visit your grandma 你多久去看奶奶一次 二 besides except except for but 表示 除 外 之间的区 别 1 besides 表示 除了 以外 还有 具有附加性 质 如 Besides Mr Wang we also went to see the film 王先 生也去了 注意 besides 用于否定句中时 与 except but 同 义 可互换 如 We have no other books besides except these 2 except 表示 除外 具有排它性质 如 We all went to see the film except Mr Wang 王先生没去 3 except for 表示 除了 即表示除去整体中的一部 分 如 The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes 4 but 意为 除了 与 except 同义 except 强调被排除的 部分 but 则强调整句的内容 常修饰否定意义的代词 如 Nobody knew it but me 三 have been to 曾经去过某地 现在已不在那里 已 返回 have been in 在某个地方 从过去一直延续到现在 has gone to 表示去了 但还没有回来 说话人不再此地 四 延续性动词 表示能够延续的动作 这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久 影响 如 learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live stay 等 延续性动词可以与表示时 间段的状语连用 表示时间段的短语有 for 时间 for 2 years since 从句 since he came here since 时间点名词 since last year since 5 days ago how long for a long time 等 例 He has lived here for 6 years You can keep the book for 5 days I stayed there for 2 weeks last year How long did you stay there last year 终止性动词 也称非延续性动词 瞬间动词或点动词 表示不能延续的动作 这种动作发生后立即结束 它可用于现在完成时态 但由于动作 是瞬时间完成的所以不能与 for 或 since 引出的时间状语连用 如 open die close begin finish come go move borrow lend buy arrive 等 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用 如 two years ago at 5 o clock 例 He died 5 years ago 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用 例 I haven t left here for 3 years I haven t heard from him for 3 week 两者的转换 leave be away borrow keep buy have begin start be on die be dead finish be over join be on 组织机构 be a member of 组织机构 open sth keep sth open fall ill be ill get up be up come here be here go there be there become be come back be back fall asleep be asleep get to arrive reach be in leave be away from get to know know go get out be out put on wear catch a cold have a cold get married be married 等 例 The old man died 4 years ago The old man has been dead for 4 years It is 4 years since the old man died Four years has passed since the old man died He joined the Party 2 years ago He has been in the Party for 2 years I bought the book 5 days ago I have had the book for 5 days 例如 When he arrived the bus stop the bus for 20 minutes A has left B had