高考英语一轮复习 专题突破 第Ⅱ题 专题四 词义猜测1.doc

专题四词义猜测命题特点利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。考查重点(1)生词的语境猜测。(2)词组及短语的指代。设问方式(1)The word “.” refers to.(2)The underlined phrase means.(3)By saying “.” we mean.(4)The expression “.” stands for.方法技巧(1)利用上下文，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词进行判断；(2)利用定语从句、同位语从句等进行判断；(3)根据关联词，如but，however，not only.but also等进行判断；(4)利用构词法进行判断。Passage 1Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook from scratch？Have you been doing Internet shopping rather than going to the stores？What cant you be bothered to do?A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of adults are so lazy that theyd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.Just over 2，000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health，Britains largest health charity.The results were astonishing.About one in six people surveyed said if their remote control was broken，they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus.Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children，64% said they were often too tired to play with them.This led the report to conclude that its no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (very fat) before they start school.Dr.Sarah Dauncey，medical director of Nuffield Health, said，“People need to get fitter，not just for their own sake，but for the sake of their families，friends and evidently their pets, too.“If we dont start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most rudimentary of tasks.”And Scotlands largest city，Glasgow，was shamed as the most inactive city in the UK, with 75% surveyed admitting they do not get enough exercise，followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton，both with 67%.The results cause serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.1What causes children in the UK to be obese?AEating ready meals.BWatching TV.CDoing Internet shopping.DBeing lazy.【语篇解读】一项研究发现，英国人太懒惰了，这已造成肥胖等诸多问题，威胁健康。解析：细节理解题。根据第六段“This led the report to conclude that its no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese(very fat)before they start school.”可知，句子中的this指上文提到的英国人的懒惰，所以D项是正确的。答案：D2What can be inferred from the passage?ABritish people are too lazy to do anything.BInternet shopping will do harm to your health.CMany people would not run to catch a bus in Britain.DPeople should be more active and take regular exercise to keep fit.解析：推理判断题。A项意思太绝对；B项在文中找不到依据；C项不是推测出来的，原文已经表明了；既然是由于懒惰造成了肥胖，威胁健康，由此我们可以推测，人们应该活跃起来，加强锻炼，以便有健康的身体，故D项正确。答案：D3Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AOne sixth of British people use remote control when watching TV.BPeople will benefit not only themselves but their families by getting fit.CFatness can cause diseases such as heart disease and cancer.DMore people get obesity-related illnesses now than 40 years ago.解析：细节理解题。第四段中讲到在被调查的人中大约有六分之一的人说如果他们的遥控器坏了，他们会继续看同一个频道而不是起身去换台，并非是A项所表达的意思，因此此题选A项。其他选项与原文内容都是吻合的。答案：A4What does the underlined word “rudimentary” in Para.8 most probably mean?AbasicBseriousCvital Dhard解析：词义猜测题。根据该词所在的语境，句子中使用了too.to.结构，意思是“太不健康而不能做工作”，再结合选项可知，只有basic “基本的”符合这一语境，其他词用在此处，语意就不通了。答案：A5All the following are among the most lazy cities in the UK EXCEPT_AGlasgow BBirminghamCNuffield DSouthampton解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到的英国最懒惰城市的排名，C项正确。答案：CPassage 2In todays Internet age, the demand for online games continues to grow.Online computer game centers exist in many cities and towns throughout Asia.Facing the pressures of school and life, people tend to the virtual world，expecting a diversion from these problems.Too often，however，they can lead to problems and unhealthy addictions.This is most clearly seen in the example of South Korea.The country has the worlds highest percentage of high speed Internet services. It also has a high number of online game players and related problems. It was once reported that a young man collapsed(突然晕倒)and died while playing online games.He had been playing almost nonstop for 86 hours at an Internet cafe.Another young man killed his sister after becoming confused between the online world and real life.A 12-year-old boy stole $16，000 from his father and ran away from home. He did this to continue his obsession(着迷)with online games.Such problems, however，dont just happen in South Korea.They are spreading to other parts of Asia，as well.What kinds of people develop online game addiction？What does the problem look like? Dr Sue Hui，a clinical psychologist，researches Internet addiction.She discovered some signs of atrisk individuals such as lacking friendship and good social skills.Those problem individuals feel it so compulsive to play online games that they could sacrifice things such as school and family.They feel the need to spend more and more time online. And they become upset if anyone tries to limit their online game playing.How many problem game players are there? In mainland China，the potential number of problem online gamers is alarming.Just in 2004，China has had 13.8 million online game players according to China Daily.Furthermore，it stated that 80 percent of these were under 25 and had signs of addiction. Such numbers point toward a growing problem among Chinese youth.Make sure to keep control over your online game playing.If you dont control it，it can get control of you.1The underlined word “diversion” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_Asolution BcomfortCescape Dsupport【语篇解读】本文讲述了沉迷网络游戏所引起的问题。解析：词义猜测题。diversion意为“转移”，在文中意指人们通过虚拟世界来逃避现实，故选C。答案：C2The examples in the second paragraph tell us that_Athe side effects are caused by high speed Internet servicesBonline game playing can even cause deathConline games have caused much damage to young peopleDthe teenage boy cant resist the temptation of the online games解析：细节理解题。第二段通过三个年轻人的例子来说明了网络游戏对年轻人的负面影响，故选C。答案：C3According to Dr Sue Hui，what can we do to prevent game addiction?ALimit the speed of the Internet services.BSacrifice things such as school and family.CSpend more and more time online.DCare much for the young and improve their ability to get along with others.解析：推理判断题。根据Sue Hui的研究，沉迷于网络的人缺少友谊和人际交往，故可推断增强个人的交往能力可以防治网瘾。答案：D4We can know from the passage that_Athe demand for online services continues to growBChina is fighting a battle against online gamesCthe problems caused by online games dont just exist in South KoreaDin the year 2004 there were a total of 13.8 million Chinese visiting the Internet解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知答案。答案：C5Whats the best title for the passage?AInternet ProblemBAddiction to Online GamesCProblem People in the WorldDOnline Games Can Control People解析：主旨大意题。全文讲述的是网瘾的问题，故B项最符合文意。答案：BPassage 3He is only 12 years old but Utkarsh Tripathi brings out a handwritten newspaper every week on matters like the environment and women foeticide(堕胎)He does all this to satisfy his wish to “serve the country”A Class 8 student of the Brij Bihari Sahai Inter College in Allahabad，Utkarsh has been bringing out the newspaper Jagriti for the last one year.And for the four-page，black-and-white newspaper，Utkarsh not only takes the role of a reporter，editor and publisher，but also gives it free of charge.Jagriti has about 150 readers belonging to various age groups in Allahabad，some 200 km from the state capital Lucknow.“Children make up major Jagriti readers.my school friends，my seniors in school，teachers and also my neighbours，”he said.According to Utkarshs father Hari Prasad，who runs a coaching institute，his son has a gift for writing and wants to serve the country in some way.“More than two years ago, he began to read articles in Hindi Daily.One day he said that he wanted to start serving society from his school life itself.I then suggested why not work like a journalist and make people know their rights，”he added.Utkarsh took the suggestion seriously and came up with Jagriti.“I try to cover social issues about environment，women foeticide and others in the editorial section，and also information about public welfare plans and important government policies for the betterment of the poor or children.”Utkarsh said.Jagriti also has success stories of scientists, political leaders and other outstanding people.But how does he get time from his studies to bring out a weekly newspaper?“I believe if anyone is_passionate_about something, he or she can take out some time to realize his dream.”Utkarsh replied.Utkarshs efforts are much appreciated by people in Allahabad.Nutan Devi，a local journalist, said，“For me its real journalism.It has renewed the objective(宗旨)of journalism that seems to have now got lost somewhere.”1According to the text，Utkarsh Tripathi_Amade the first newspaper about two years agoBis learning journalism at a college in AllahabadCwants to contribute to societyDlives in Allahabad，the state capital【语篇解读】本文报道了一个12岁的孩子独立办报的故事。解析：细节理解题。由第一段末句的“serve the country”及下文出现的“serving society”可知C项正确。答案：C2Who are most likely to be interested in Jagriti?AAdults，especially the elderly.BLocal journalists.CChildren, especially Utkarshs schoolmates.DWomen around Utkarsh.解析：细节理解题。由第四段“Children make up major Jagriti readers.my school friends，my seniors in school.”可知，周围的孩子们是主要读者群。答案：C3Utkarsh made his newspaper following his_suggestion.Aneighbors BteachersCschool friends Dfathers解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，Utkarsh独立办报是听了父亲的建议，故D为正确选项。答案：D4The underlined phrase “is passionate about” is similar to “_”Ais busy with Bis crazy aboutCis good at Dis tired of解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，Utkarsh从学习中抽出时间办报来实现自己的梦想，由此可判断，如果一个人对某事“充满热情”，他就能找到时间去做。答案：B5What is the role of the last paragraph?ATo prove Utkarsh does a good job.BTo tell us what true journalism is.CTo encourage us to follow Utkarshs example.DTo show the different opinions on what Utkarsh does.解析：推理判断题。倒数第二段说Utkarsh的努力受到赞赏，下段举例证明，支持这种说法。答案：APassage 4If you see someone drowning，speed is very important.Once you get him out of the water，if he isnt breathing，you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed.Support his neck，tilt(倾斜)his head back and press his chin upwards.This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again.If that doesnt work，start mouthtomouth breathing.Press his nostrils(鼻孔)together with your fingers.Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises，then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall.Repeat twelve times a minute.Keep doing until help arrives.To bring a child to life，keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth.Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen.If，in spite of your efforts，he starts turning a blue-grey colour，you can feel no pulse，then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.With arms straight，rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone.Dont be too hard or you may break a rib.Check how effective you are seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing.If this happens，stop the pressing.Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.1This passage is mainly about_Ahow to save people out of the waterBhow to give first aid to people who are drowningChow to do mouth-to-mouth breathingDhow to save a child from a river【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍说明如何对溺水人员急救及注意问题。解析：主旨大意题。由文中的内容可知，本文主要是讲述如何对那些溺水的人员进行急救。故选择B项。答案：B2Once you get a drowning man out of the water，if he isnt breathing，you must first_Aget him breathing againBtake him to the nearest hospital as soon as possibleCfind someone to help youDcall the First Aid Centre解析：细节理解题。由文中的第一段提到的可知，A项是正确选择项。答案：A3In the last paragraph, the word “rescue” means_Abreath BhelpCdoctor Dpulse解析：词义猜测题。由原文语境可知，此处是“等到救援到来”，故rescue是“帮助；援救”之意；符合原文。答案：B4If the drowning boy has no pulse，_Apressing his chin upwards is enough to get him breathingBblowing air into his mouth is sure to save his lifeCpressing his nostrils together with your fingers can workDpressing is the last chance of saving his life解析：细节理解题。文中第二段提到“If，in spite of your efforts，he starts turning a bluegrey colour，you can feel no pulse，then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.”由此可知，按压是最后的挽救他的生命的机会了。答案：D5Which of the following statements is true?AIf a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.BIf you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing.CDont stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.DWhen pressing，you can do it as hard as you can.解析：细节理解题。文中提到“Once you get him out of the water，if he isnt breathing，you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed.”即，只有四分钟的时间可以阻止他的大脑被彻底的损坏。答案：APassage 5Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds itBruce Pederson，the managing director of BookCrossing，says，“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.Emails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtua