阅读理解之主旨大意题

阅读理解之主旨大意题 我们阅读一篇文章 首先是要了解其大意 明确其主旨 因此 主旨大意题是常考题 主旨大意题包括 主要内容 main idea mainly about 型 文章标题 title 型 写作目的 purpose 型 湖南高考近几年来考查过的题目中 mainly about只考过4题 title题考了5题 purpose题考了5题 解题技巧 1 弄清文章的大意 关键是找到主题句 主题句的位置 主题句通常在文首 文末或首尾呼应 有时也在文中 或没有主题句 需根据文章所述内容进行归纳 各段的主题句也常在 该段的首句或尾句 议论文和说明文一般有主题句 但记叙文通常没有主题句 需要 归纳 2 找主题句的方法 用浏览法 skimming 即 快速阅读文首 文尾 或每段的首句和尾句等 搜索主题线索和主题信息 找主题句 的四个小窍门 1 段落中出现表转折的词语 如however but in fact actually等 时 该句很可能是主题句 2 首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨 3 作者有意识地反复重复的观点 通常是主旨 反复出现的词语 一般为体现文章主旨 的关键词 4 表示总结或结论的话常有therefore thus in short conclude conclusion等 3 关于干扰项和正确答案 1 干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节 可能属文中某些 不完全的 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断 2 正确答案 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的 但不能太笼统 言过其实或 以偏概全 4 在阅读理解中 主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式 1 Main idea型 选择项多为陈述句 要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子 题干多为如下 形式 What s the main idea point of the passage The passage is mainly about The passage is mainly concerned about Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea theme of the passage In this passage the author discusses primarily The subject discussed in this text is The general main idea of the passage is about 2 Main purpose型 选择项多为动宾结构 要求考生找到主要的写作目的 常见以下几种题干 形式 What s the purpose of the passage The passage is meant to The purpose of the article is to In this passage the writer tries to tell us that The passage tells us that The author s main purpose in writing the passage is to 3 标题型 选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式 命题形式 The best title of the passage is Which of the following is the best title of the passage The best title for the passage is The most appropriate title of the passage is 解 题 指 导 1 学会寻找主题句 EX 1 The sea horse isn t like most fish Its head looks like that of a pony The sea horse hashard spiny skin Its tail looks like that of a monkey It has one fin that isn t much help in swimming Sea horses drift upright in the water A The sea horse drift upright in the water B The sea horse s tail looks like that of a monkey C The sea horse s head looks like that of a pony D The sea horse isn t like most fish EX 2 Some birds like the ostrich are taller and heavier than a person Some are very small like the hummingbird Many birds are good flyers Other birds cannot fly at all There are many different kinds of birds A Other birds cannot fly at all B Many birds are good flyers C There are many different kinds of birds D Some birds like the ostrich are taller and heavier than a person EX 3 Just as I settle down to read or watch television he demands that I play with him If I get a telephonecall he screams in the background or knocks some thing over I always have to hang up to find out what s wrong with him Baby sitting with my littlebrother is no fun He refuses to let me eat a snackin peace Usually he wants half of whatever I haveto eat Then when he finally grows tired it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep EX 4 Sometimes bells are used to scare away birds Bells warn ships of danger Bells let us know that someone is at the door Bells tell us that someone wants to talk to us on the phone They tell us that a school day is over The story mainly tells A How bells help birds B What bells are like C How to use bell D How bells help people 2 学会借助文章体裁及结构来把握 MONTREAL Reuters Crossing the US Canada border 边界 to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen 10 000 for breaking Washington s strict new security 安全 rules The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert who lives right on the Canadian border Like the other half dozen people of Township 15 crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert The nearby Quebec village of St Pamphile is where they shop eat and go to church As a result Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending church in Canada as usual The US customs 海关 station in this Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine but he has not attended a Sunday church since I feel like I m living in a prison he said 62 What would be the best title for the text A A Cross country Trip B A Special Border Pass C An Unguarded Border D An Expensive Church Visit 3 学会在文章中寻找关键词 1 Honey 蜂蜜 from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar it is also delicious Most people and many animals like eating it However the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest 巢 and take the honey from it Often these nests are high up in trees and it is difficult to find them In parts of Africa though people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide The honey guide does not actually like honey but it does like the wax 蜂蜡 in the beehives 蜂房 Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax but it is very determined in its efforts to get it 2012 全国I卷 63 What can be the best title for the text A Wild Bees B Wax and Honey C Beekeeping in Africa D Honey Lover s Helper 2 In the animal kingdom weakness can bring about aggression in other animal This sometimes happens with humans also But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people I see it every day when people hold doors for me pour cream into my coffee or help me to put on my coat And I have discovered that it makes them happy From my wheelchair experience I see the best in people Often we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness But only when we stop pretending we re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that s in them 30 Which of the following is the best title for the passage A A Wheelchair Experience B Weakness and Kindness C Weakness and Strength D A Driving Experience 技巧1 阅读时要注意观察全文的结构安排 理解文章浓墨重笔的写作重心 尤其注意那些观 点性归纳性概括性较强的句子 特别是由 信息词 如 in a word as a result finally in short but however therefore most important of all rather yet等 引 起的句子 3 Most people want to know how things are made They honestly admit however that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made Where a composer begins how he manages to keep going in fact how and where he leams his trade all are covered in complete darkness The composer in short is a man of mystery One of the first things the common man wants to know about is the part inspiration plays in a composer s work He finds it difficult to believe that composers are not much interested in that question Writing music is as natural for the composer as eating or sleeping for all Music is something that the composer happens to have been born for The composer therefore does not say to himself Do I feel inspired He says to himself Do I feel like working today And if he feels like working he does It is more or less like saying to himself Do I feel sleepy If you feel sleepy you go to sleep If you don t feel sleepy you stay up If the composer doesn t feel like working he doesn t work It s as simple as that 57 What would be the best tide for the text A Composer a man of mystery B Practice makes good music C Relation between sleeping and music D Music product of nature 技巧2标题选择题应着重抓住 真 题 在 线 A 2012湖南 Still seeking a destination for your weekend break There re some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college King s Art Centre A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on show anywhere The Botanic Garden The Garden has over 8 000 plant species it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University Byron s Pool Many stories surround Lord Byron s time as a student of Cambridge University arriving in 1805 he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of mess and drunkenness 65 What is the passage mainly about A Some places for weekend break B A way to become creative in art C The colorful life in the countryside D Unknown stories of Cambridge University B 2012全国II A Cold weather can be hard on pets just like it can be hard on people Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter 住所 as they are Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors This can put their pets in danger of serious illness There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe Keep your pets inside as much as y