21世纪大学英语读写教程4第六单元课文中英对照

21 世纪大学英语读写教程复习资料 Unit6 1 人们发现科学家能通过观察四岁孩童对一粒果汁软糖的反应看到他们的 未来 研究者请孩子们一个个地走进一间没有装饰的房间 然后便开始他 这种温柔的折磨 你现在就可以吃这粒果汁软糖 他说 但是如果你在我 出去办点事的时候等着 就可以在我回来时得到两粒果汁软糖 然后他就 走开了 It turns out that a scientist can see the future by watching four year olds interact with a marshmallow The researcher invites the children one by one into a plain room and begins the gentle torment You can have this marshmallow right now he says But if you wait while I run an errand you can have two marshmallows when I get back And then he leaves 2 有几个孩子一等他出门就抓起糖来吃 有几个等了几分钟 结果也坚持 不住了 但另外几个孩子却决心等待 他们蒙住眼睛 他们低下头 他们 给自己唱歌 他们试图玩游戏甚至睡觉 当研究者回来时 他给了这些 孩子来之不易的果汁软糖 然后 科学便等待他们长大 Some children grab for the treat the minute he s out the door Some last a few minutes before they give in But others are determined to wait They cover their eyes they put their heads down they sing to themselves they try to play games or even fall asleep When the researcher returns he gives these children their hard earned marshmallows And then science waits for them to grow up 3 等孩子们读到高中时 一些引人注目的情况发生了 对孩子们的家长和 老师的调查表明 那些在四岁时就有足够的自制力坚持等到第二粒果汁软 糖的孩子 长大后大多成了适应性更强 更惹人喜爱 富于冒险精神 充 满自信并可信赖的青少年 那些一开始就经不住诱惑的孩子们则更可能孤 独 容易受挫 固执 他们承受不住压力 躲避挑战 当这两组中的一些 学生参加学习能力倾向测验时 坚持时间较长的孩子们平均得分高出 210 分 By the time the children reach high school something remarkable has happened A survey of the children s parents and teachers found that those who as four year olds had enough self control to hold out for the second marshmallow generally grew up to be better adjusted more popular adventurous confident and dependable teenagers The children who gave in to temptation early on were more likely to be lonely easily frustrated and stubborn They could not endure stress and shied away from challenges And when some of the students in the two groups took the Scholastic Aptitude Test the kids who had held out longer scored an average of 210 points higher 4 当我们想到卓越的才华时 我们便想到了爱因斯坦 深邃的眼睛 蓬松 的头发 一台裹着皮肤 穿着不配对短袜的思维机器 在我们的想象中 事业上取得巨大成功者在出生时就为伟大作好了准备 但随后你就不得不 奇怪 为什么过了一段时间以后天赋似乎在一些人身上大放异彩 而在其 他人身上则黯淡失色 这就是果汁软糖的作用了 推迟满足欲望的能力看 来是一种十分重要的技能 是理智对于冲动的胜利 总之 它是情感智力 的一种标志 在智商测试中是显示不出的 When we think of brilliance we see Einstein deep eyed woolly haired a thinking machine with skin and mismatched socks High achievers we imagine were wired for greatness from birth But then you have to wonder why over time natural talent seems to ignite in some people and dim in others This is where the marshmallows come in It seems that the ability to delay gratification is a master skill a triumph of the reasoning brain over the impulsive one It is a sign in short of emotional intelligence And it doesn t show up on an IQ test 5 在本世纪的很长一段时期里 科学家们都敬重大脑这一硬件和思想这一 软件 而千头万绪的心的力量则留给了诗人 但认知理论却怎么也无法解 释我们最感到疑惑的问题 为什么有一些人似乎天生就有过好日子的能力 为什么班上最聪明的孩子很可能最终并不是最富有的 为什么我们一见到 某些人就喜欢而对另外一些人则不信任 为什么面对苦难时 适应力差一 些的人会被压垮 而有些人则能保持乐观 总之 是思想或心灵中的什么 品质决定了谁会成功 For most of this century scientists have worshipped the hardware of the brain and the software of the mind the messy powers of the heart were left to the poets But cognitive theory could simply not explain the questions we wonder about most why some people just seem to have a gift for living well why the smartest kid in the class will probably not end up the richest why we like some people virtually on sight and distrust others why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resilient soul What qualities of the mind or spirit in short determine who succeeds 6 情感智力 这个词语是耶鲁大学心理学家彼得 萨洛韦和新罕布什尔大 学的约翰 迈耶五年前为了描述某些品质 如了解自己的感情 善解人意 和 以提高生活质量的方式调节情绪 而创造出来的 由于丹尼尔 戈尔曼的一本新书 情感智力 他们的这一概念 缩略为情商 即将成 为全国的热门话题 戈尔曼是哈佛大学的心理学哲学博士 纽约时报 的科学栏目撰稿人 他具有一种使最为难懂的科学理论为一般读者理解的 天赋 他把十年来的行为研究归纳为头脑如何处理感情 他在书的封面上 宣称 他的目标是重新定义聪明的含义 他的论点是 在预测人们的成功 时 由智商和标准化成绩考试测得的智能也许不如以前被认为是 性格 后来这个词变得过时了 的思想素质重要 The phrase emotional intelligence was coined by Yale psychologist Peter Salovey and the University of New Hampshire s John Mayer five years ago to describe qualities like understanding one s own feelings empathy for the feelings of others and the regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living Their notion is about to bound into the national conversation handily shortened to EQ thanks to a new book Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman Goleman a Harvard psychology Ph D and a New York Times science writer with a gift for making even the most difficult scientific theories digestible to lay readers has brought together a decade s worth of behavioral research into how the mind processes feelings His goal he announces on the cover is to redefine what it means to be smart His thesis when it comes to predicting people s success brainpower as measured by IQ and standardized achievement tests may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as character before the word began to sound old fashioned 7 乍一看 这对于任何一位仔细读签语饼中纸条的人来说似乎没有什么新 的东西 也许心情主宰头脑的观点是最没有新意的 我气愤极了 我们 说 我无法好好思考 同样 人际技能 是有用的这种说法也没有什 么惊人之处 这就等于说与人为善是有好处的 这一切千真万确 不足 称道 约翰斯 霍普金斯大学医学院精神病学主任保罗 麦克休博士说 但 是如果它真是如此简单 这本书就不会那样有趣 它的内涵也不会如此有 争议了 At first glance there would seem to be little that s new here to any close reader of fortune cookies There may be no less original idea than the notion that our hearts hold dominion over our heads I was so angry we say I couldn t think straight Neither is it surprising that people skills are useful which amounts to saying it s good to be nice It s so true it s trivial says Dr Paul McHugh director of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine But if it were that simple the book would not be quite so interesting or its implications so controversial 8 这绝不是抽象的调查 戈尔曼在寻找 让文明重返我们的街道 让关爱 再度光临我们的社区生活 的矫正方法 他到处都能找到实际应用的例子 公司应如何决定雇佣谁 夫妇如何使他们的婚姻更持久 父母应如何培养 孩子 学校应如何教育孩子 如今 街区的流氓团伙取代了家庭 校园内 的辱骂常以凶杀告终 一半以上的婚姻最终离异 国内大多数被杀儿童是 被父母和继父母所杀 而许多父母和继父母却说他们是因为孩子独霸电视 或哭得太多而在管教他 这一切都表明情感教育需要补课 This is no abstract investigation Goleman is looking for antidotes to restore civility to our streets and caring to our communal life He sees practical applications everywhere for how companies should decide whom to hire how couples can increase the odds that their marriages will last how parents should raise their children and how schools should teach them When street gangs substitute for families and schoolyard insults end in stabbings when more than half of marriages end in divorce when the majority of the children murdered in this country are killed by parents and stepparents many of whom say they were trying to discipline the child for behavior like blocking the TV or crying too much it suggests a demand for remedial emotional education 9 正是在这里会产生争议 迈克休说 戈尔曼十分流行的结论 将使每一 位对于他的研究可能得到何种应用十分不安的心理疗法资深学者和每一位 神经系统科学家不寒而栗 虽然这一较新领域的许多研究者很高兴看到 情感问题最终受到了重视 他们仍担心象情商这样一个便于使用的概念会 招致误用 戈尔曼承认 提出能给一个人的性格和智力标上数值是危险的 戈尔曼甚至在他的书中从未用过情商一词 但是他多少有些勉强地同意了 在 今日美国 上刊登一份 不科学的 情商测试卷 其中有这样的选择 题 我甚至能意识到自己微妙的感情 和 我能感觉到一个群体或一种 关系的意向 并表达难以言表的感情 And it is here the arguments will break out Goleman s highly popularized conclusions says McHugh will chill any veteran scholar of psychotherapy and any neuroscientist who worries about how his research may come to be applied While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously they fear that a notion as handy as EQ invites misuse Goleman admits the danger of suggesting that you can assign a numerical value to a person s character as well as his intellect Goleman never even uses the phrase EQ in his book But he did somewhat reluctantly approve an unscientific EQ test in USA Today with choices like I am aware of even subtle feelings as I have them and I can sense the pulse of a group or relationship and state unspoken feelings 10 你不想给情感技能打个平均分 哈佛大学的心理学教授 儿童发展 研究的先驱杰罗姆 卡根说 这也是把智力这一概念看作精神技能的错误 所在 有些人能很好地对付愤怒却不能对付恐惧 有些人不能承受喜悦 所以应该区别看待每一种情绪 情商不是智商的对立面 一些人有幸两 者都拥有很多 一些人则每一样都拥有很少 研究者们一直试图理解的是 它们如何互补 比如 一个人对付压力的能力如何影响其集中思想和发挥 才智的能力 研究者们大多同意 在成功的要素中智商约占 20 其余则 取决于多种因素 从所属的阶级到运气到在人类进化的几百万年中已在大 脑中形成的神经通道 You do