高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础选练（五）11.doc

山西五台县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础选练（五）阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder RLang, a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)，”the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.1According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?AOptimistic adults. BMiddleaged adults.CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income.解析细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。故选B项。答案B.2Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people_.Ato fully enjoy their present lifeBto estimate their contribution accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly than wealth解析细节理解题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“.people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions.”及“.contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施).”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选C项。答案C.3How do people of higher income see their future?AThey will earn less money.BThey will become pessimistic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less time to enjoy life.解析细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选A项。答案A.。4What is the clear conclusion of the study?APessimism guarantees chances of survival.BGood financial condition leads to good health.CMedical treatment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.解析推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。答案D.。阅读下列短文, 从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。【2014一模】Once again, I was in a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris. Thats where the similarities ended.I was tall and she was small. My thick, black hair had been recently cut short. Her natural blonde hair flowed to her waist and looked great. I was awkward and shy. She wasnt. I couldnt stand her. I considered her my enemy. She liked me. She wanted to be friends.One day, she invited me over and I said yes I was too shocked to answer any other way. No one had invited me over to play. But this girl who wore the latest fashions wanted me to go home with her after school.I got very surprised when she led me into an apartment building. She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place with her mother, her stepfather, her two brothers and her sister.When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies which was my next surprise. I would have thought shed outgrown them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in closet, laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. Thats when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older and we both had wild imaginations.We had a great day that afternoon. Our jaws ached from smiling so much. She showed me her wardrobe, which had mostly come from a designer clothing store down the block. The woman who owned it used her as a model sometimes for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange.Paris had the whole neighborhood charmed. The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free slices. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each others houses, spent every free moment together. My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.Paris, my first real friend since childhood, taught me an amazing and very surprising thing about making friends: that your worst enemy can turn out to be your best friend.46The writer and Paris were similar in that .A. they were both new students B. both of them were friendlyC. both of them were tall D. they were both the youngest in class47In the article the writer described Paris as a girl who was .A. awkward and shy B. fashionable and proud C. quiet and lonely D. friendly and lovely48What did the writer learn from Paris?A. How to make best use of her neighborhood. B. How to dress and look fashionable.C. How to become a good writer. D. How to make friends.49From the article, we can see that through her friendship with Paris, the writer .A. found she and Paris had more similarities than differencesB. was able to fit in at her new school with Paris helpC. was not so awkward or shy as beforeD. learned more about fashion herself【参考答案】4649 ADDC 阅读理解。Students and Technology in the ClassroomI love my blackberryits my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop computer ，as it holds all of my writing and thought .Despite this love of technology ,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these device and truly communication with others.On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas .Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom ,I have a rule no laptop, iPods, phones ,etc .When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy .Most students assume that year reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. Theres a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology. Theres no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I relate to my students.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion.Ive been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the educations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create .Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge , they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom .Im not saying that I wont ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change ,Im sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too give up.( ) 1.Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with_A. the course material B. others misuse of technology C. discussion topics D. the authors class regulator ( ) 2.The underlined word “engage” in para.4 probably means _A. explore B. accept C. change D. reject ( ) 3.According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may _A. keep students from doing independent thinking B. encourage students to have in-depth conversationsC. help students to better understand complex themes D. affect students concentration on course evaluation( ) 4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author _A. is quite stubborn B. will give up teaching history C. will change his teaching plan soon D. values technology-free dialogues in his class 【文章大意】议论文，文章论述的主题是，students and technology，文章以教师的口吻谈到为何不允许学生在课堂上玩iPod、手机等通讯工具，因为technology会影响我们的深入交流。1.答案D。细节理解题。由文章第二段内容可以得出。2. 答案A。细节理解题。由I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. 可知technology 会影响我们的深入交流。Engage 与explore 探索意义表述与之为吻合。3. A 推理判断题。 Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom可以推知作者认为technology 会阻碍我们的独立思考能力4. D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段作者深信自己的technology会影响我们的深入交流。并且坚持她的values technology-free dialogues in his class的观点。阅读理解。As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）system for the 21stcentury will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar pants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.The 19th century saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . In much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management, with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .So trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物种)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21st century development of the American west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroad and the highway.The money set aside in negotiated trade offs and the institution that control will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so lets remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .( ) 1.What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?A. small towns along the railways became abandoned.B. some railroad stops remained.C. land in the west was hard to manage.D. land grants went into private hands.( ) 2. What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?A. the transmission of power B. the use of money and power C. the conservation of solar energy D. the selection of an ideal place ( ) 3.What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?A. cautious B. approving C. doubtful D. disapproving ( ) 4.Which is the best title for the passage?A. how the railways have affected the west B. how solar energy could reshape the west C. how the effects of power plants can be reduced D. how the problems of the highways have been settled【文章大意】说明文。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。1.答案C。细节理解题。由文章第二段in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system可知。2.答案B。细节理解题。由文章alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good和文章最后两段内容可以看出。3. A 态度题，作者由铁路和高速公路在西部建设过程中出现的好的和坏的影响来说明solar plants 在西部建设也会出现同样的问题。他是担心的caution4. B 主旨大意题。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。太阳能电力系统会重塑美国西部。阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。【2014第一次诊断性考试】To get a chocolate out of a box requires a lot of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived, the cellophane (玻璃纸) wrapper has to be torn off, the lid opened and the paper removed, the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this overuse of wrapping is not limited to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in beautiful wrapping.The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put out by the average London house-hold each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up valuable energy and resources and polluting the environment.Recycling is already happening with milk bottles which are returned to the dairies (牛奶场）, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles.The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever increasing plastic containers is to throw a