2012届高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（十）

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列 十 届高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列 十 重点单词详解重点单词详解 1 1 determinedetermine vtvt 使使 下决心 下决心 使使 做出决定 确定 测定做出决定 确定 测定vivi 决定 决心决定 决心 on on upon upon determine to do sth 决心 决定做某事 determine sb to do sth 使某人下决心做某事 determine on upon sth doing sth 决定 决心做某事 determined adj 有决心的 be determined to do sth 决定 决心做某事 be determined that 从句 从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气 1 They where the new hospital will be built 他们已经决定在何处 建医院 2 My teacher s encouragement me to go on with my English 老师的鼓励使我 下决心继续学习英语 3 We on an early start 我们决定早点出发 4 I left her never to set foot in that house 我离开了她 决心不再走进 那房子 5 We that this should never be allowed to happen again 我们下 定了决心不让这样的事情再发生 答案 1 have determined 2 determined 3 determined 4 determining 5 were determined 1 用 determine 的适当形式填空 1 It s often difficult the meaning of a word without a context 2 She is a very woman 3 The boy to be a soldier for a long time 答案 1 to determine 2 determined 3 has been determined 2 名校押题 He was determined that his child to the best school available A should go B went C ought to go D would go 答案与解析 A 在 require order 和 be determined 从句中 应该使用虚拟语气 题 意 他决心让他的孩子上最好的学校 2 2 concernconcern n n 关心 关切 关注关心 关切 关注 vtvt 涉及 关系到 使担心涉及 关系到 使担心 be concerned about for over sb sth 关心某人 某事 be concerned with sb sth 与某人 事 有关 牵涉到某人 事 concern oneself with sth 对 感兴趣 so as far as be concerned 就 而论 就 来说 as concerns 关于 涉及 concerning prep 关于 1 him I have nothing to say 关于他 我无话可说 2 The case with me any longer 这件事不再与我有关 3 the quality the coat is worth buying 就质量而言 这大衣买得值 4 A good teacher should always himself his students 一个好老师 用心 爱心 专心 2 应该时刻关心自己的学生 答案 1 As concerns 2 is not concerned 3 As So far as is concerned 4 concern with 1 用 concern 的适当形式填空 1 Please don t let my illness you 2 In short the writing style not what a writer says but how he says it 3 We shall have to consult with the other countries 4 Our main is that the boy is in poor health 答案 1 concern 2 concerns 3 concerned 4 concern 2 名校押题 1 I ll publish my results only when I have my research A concerned B connected C conducted D concluded 答案与解析 D 题意 只有在我结束研究之后 我才会公开我的结论 concern 关 心 有关系 connect 联系 conduct 处理 指导 conclude 完成 结束 2 The speech which he made the project bothered me greatly A being concerned B be concerned C concerned D concerning 答案与解析 D 题意 他做的有关那个课题的演说使我非常厌烦 concerning 介词 表示 关于 之意 3 3 annoyannoy vtvt 打扰 干扰 使恼怒打扰 干扰 使恼怒 annoyed adj 感到烦恼的 恼怒的 annoying adj 令人烦恼的 令人生气的 be annoyed with sb 对某人生气 be annoyed at about sth 为某事生气 annoyance n 生气 烦恼 to one s annoyance 让某人恼火的是 1 The way he constantly orders us to do this or that really us all 他不断 命令我们干这干那的方式的确使我们都很恼火 2 It s to be asked about some personal affairs 被查问私事是令人恼火的 3 What are you getting about 你为什么事生气 4 She was much to see that all the guests had left 看到所有客人都走了 她非常生气 答案 1 annoys 2 annoying 3 annoyed 4 annoyed 1 完成句子 1 She is annoyed the man often calls in the middle of the night 2 greatly annoyed the boy to be kept standing outside the classroom so long 3 It really me when you don t listen to what I m saying 4 the teacher s annoyance the boy was late again 答案 1 that 2 It 3 annoys 4 To 2 名校押题 Recently Peter to do his homework and instead insists on wasting his time playing computer games which extremely annoys his father A had been refusing B has been refusing C was refusing D Refused 用心 爱心 专心 3 答案与解析 B 题意 最近彼得一直拒绝做作业 相反坚持把时间浪费在打电脑游戏 上 这让他爸爸非常懊恼 此句是用现在时 且强调的是现在这一情况未改变 4 4 awareaware adj adj 知道的 意识到的 明白的 察觉到的知道的 意识到的 明白的 察觉到的 be aware of sth 从句 发觉 注意到 be aware that 注意到 发觉 1 I was not of her presence until she spoke to me 直到她跟我说话我才发现 她到场了 2 Are you of the dangers of your position 你有没有意识到你的处境很危险 3 She is far too to believe these lies 她很明智不会相信这些谎言了 4 He is of a sense of guilt 他感觉到内心有愧 答案 1 aware sensible 2 aware sensible 3 sensible 4 conscious aware aware consciousconscious 和和 sensiblesensible 用法辨析用法辨析 conscious 有知觉的 清醒的 蓄意的 sensible 明智的 合情理的 切合实际的 注意 aware conscious 和 sensible 均有 意识到 的意思 但 aware 指感官可及的外界 事物 conscious 指内心意识到的感觉 sensible 与 aware 接近 1 完成句子 1 you that your son have trouble at school 2 She is well how risky this business is 3 It is of the girl to bring an umbrella 答案 1 Are aware 2 aware 3 sensible 2 名校押题 Though the man was badly hurt in the accident he was still and could think clearly A awake B aware C confused D conscious 答案与解析 D 题意 这男子在事故中严重受伤 但他仍然神志清醒 思维清晰 awake 醒的 与 asleep 相反 aware 知道的 注意到的 confused 感到迷惑不解的 conscious 有知觉的 头脑清醒的 5 5 commentcomment v v 评论 发表意见 评论 发表意见n n 评论 评语评论 评语 comment on upon 对 发表意见 批评 评论 comment that 从句 评论说 make comments on upon 评论某事 no comment 无可奉告 without comment 不加评论 1 Would you like to on any troublesome students in your class 你愿意 谈谈对你们班调皮学生的看法吗 Sorry 对不起 无可奉告 2 This house must be very old he 这幢房子一定很古老了 他说道 3 Everyone loudly on his absence 每一个人都就他未出席一事大声议论 4 Tom once for a magazine 汤姆曾经给一本杂志写评论 答案 1 comment no comment 2 remarked 3 remarked 4 reviewed comment remark 和 review 用心 爱心 专心 4 review 作及物动词 意思是 复习 写 书 戏剧等 评论 检阅 部队 其也可作名词 如 a general review 总复习 reviews of new books 新书书评 remark 作动词 意思是 评论 说到 议论 其也可作名词 如 make no remark 不加评 论 make a few remarks 讲几句话 remark on upon about 就 发表评论 但要注意的是 remark 是通过评论希望引起人们对某事的注意 而 comment 是用揭露或补充 细节等办法来阐明或评论 1 用 comment remark 或 review 的适当形式填空 1 It s impolite to about a girl s appearance 2 Before falling asleep Helen the day s happenings 3 Napoleon would always ask the same three questions in the same order when he his army 4 I hope your new book gets favorable 答案 1 comment remark 2 reviewed 3 reviewed 4 reviews 2 名校押题 It s natural that their to the joke is just to laugh A comment B opinion C impression D reaction 答案与解析 D 题意 他们对这个笑话的反应只是笑笑是非常自然的 comment 评价 opinion 意见 impression 印象 均不合题意 6 6 massmass n n C C 团 块 堆团 块 堆 n n U U 质量 物质质量 物质 adj adj 大众的 以大众为特征的 大规模进行大众的 以大众为特征的 大规模进行 完成完成 的 完整的 全部的 完全的的 完整的 全部的 完全的 a mass of masses of 大量 大批 众多 the masses 群众 the mass of 大部分的 a mass of 大量 大批 众多 后面既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词 mass education 大众教育 mass communication 大众传播 mass production 大规模生产 1 There were dark clouds in the sky 天空乌云密布 2 snow and rocks broke away and fell on the climbers 一堆积雪和岩石突然崩落到登山者的身上 3 She elbowed her way through the tourists 她用胳膊肘开路从游 客中挤了过去 4 I got cards on my birthday 我生日的那天收到了很多贺卡 答案 1 masses of 2 A mass of 3 masses of 4 masses of 1 完成句子 The flowers made color against the stone wall 在石墙 的衬托下 这些花朵五彩缤纷 答案 a mass of 2 名校押题 The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that the audience took pictures of them A many of B masses of C the number of D a large amount of 答案与解析 B masses of 后接可数名词与不可数名词均可 a large amount of 和 用心 爱心 专心 5 不可数名词连用 7 7 assistassist vt vt on B assisted in C helped from D conducted in 答案与解析 B 题意 一组护士协助医生做手术 assist sb in doing sth 帮某人 做某事 8 8 latterlatter adj adj 刚提及的两者中刚提及的两者中 后者的 后者的 系列中系列中 最后的 末尾的 后半期的 后面的最后的 末尾的 后半期的 后面的 n n 常与常与 thethe 连用连用 the the latterlatter 刚提及的两者中刚提及的两者中 后者 后者 系列中系列中 最后一位 末位最后一位 末位 lately adv 后来的 以后的 adv 以后 后来 late adj 晚年的 近深夜的 latest adj 最新的 later adj 后来的 以后 1 Here are Tom and David is my brother 这是汤姆和戴维 后者 是我的兄弟 2 Did he go walking or swimming seems unlikely 他是去散步还 是游泳去了 后者看来不太可能 答案 1 the latter 2 The latter 1 完成句子 There are plastic and wooden chairs but are more expensive 在这里买塑 料椅和木制椅 只是后者更贵些 答案 the latter 2 名校押题 I have two suggestions one is to go to the cinema and the other is to have a drink Well personally I prefer the one I don t like films very much A late B latter C latest D last 答案与解析 B 表示刚提及的两者中的后者用 the latter one 重点短语详解重点短语详解 1 1 givegive awayaway 泄露泄露 秘密秘密 颁发 捐赠 告发 颁发 捐赠 告发 某人某人 give back 归还 使 恢复 用心 爱心 专心 6 give in 屈服 投降 让步 上交 递交 give out 分发 散发 公布 宣布 用完 give off 发出 气味 气体 烟等 give up 放弃 认输 自首 对 不抱希望 give sb a hand 帮某人一把 1 Don t mention that at the beginning of the story or it may the shocking ending 在故事的开头别提起那个 否则有可能泄露了令人震撼的结尾部分 2 If a person hasn t had enough sleep his actions will him in the day time 如果一个人晚上没有睡好觉 白天他的行为会显露出来 3 We have invited a famous former student to the prizes 我们 已经邀请了一位知名的校友来颁发奖品 4 The English teacher the examination papers at 7 40 英语老师 于 7 40 把试卷发下去了 5 They a large sum of money to the people of the flooded area 他们向受灾地区的人们捐赠了一大笔钱 答案 1 give away 2 give away 3 give away 4 gave out 5 gave away 1 用适当的词组填空 1 Liu Hulan would rather die than give her comrades 2 Do you think the murderer will give himself to the police 3 The argument went on hours as neither side would give 4 I can t answer the puzzle I give 5 The girl gave her job to look after her mother in hospital 6 The news of the event was given over the radio 答案 1 away 2 up 3 in 4 up 5 up 6 out 2 名校押题 I can t get on well with some of my classmates They just leave me in the cold But what s the reason A Sorry to hear that B Forget it C Don t mention it D Never give up 答案与解析 A 考查交际用语 听到别人与同学相处得不好 属于不幸的事情 应表 示同情 forget it 与下文不相符 don t mention it 不用谢 never give up 坚持下 去 不合题意 2 2 dropdrop outout 退出 退学 掉出来退出 退学 掉出来 drop out of sth 从 中退出 drop asleep fall asleep 睡着 drop behind fall behind 落后 于某人 drop by 美 顺便拜访 某地方 drop in 顺便拜访 drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人 drop in at some place 顺便拜访某地 1 The boy was so careless that the glass his hand and broke into pieces 这男孩非常粗心 结果杯子从手上落下来摔成了碎片 2 Not content with the judge the three runners 对裁判不满 用心 爱心 专心 7 三位选手退出了比赛 3 To get Japan to give up the USA two atomic bombs in 1945 为了促使日本 投降 美国在 1945 年投下了两颗原子弹 4 Our team the others in the league matches when a third of the players went on holiday 我们队由于三分之一的队员在度假 因而在联赛上落后于 其他队 答案 1 dropped out of 2 dropped out 3 dropped 4 fell behind dropped behind 1 用 drop 相关的词或短语填空 1 We really enjoy ourselves at the party Thanks again Mr and Mrs White Nice having you here Just whenever you feel like it 2 Joe Jones the eldest of the seven children had to high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm 3 I agree to his suggestion on the condition that he all charges 答案 1 drop in drop by 2 drop out of 3 drops 2 名校押题 The most important word in this sentence has been so it doesn t make any sense A left out B held out C dropped out D made out 答案与解析 A leave out 漏掉 hold out 伸出 提供 提出 drop out 离开 退出 掉出 make out 开出 填写 辨认出 题意 句子中的最重要单词被遗漏掉 所 以这个句子不能表达任何意思 3 3 turnturn one sone s backback onon sbsb sthsth 不理睬 背弃 拒绝不理睬 背弃 拒绝 turn one s back to 背向着 转身 back and forth 来回的 back to back 背靠背 back out of 变卦 食言 back up 支持 使堵塞 hold back 阻挡 隐瞒 消息等 抑制 眼泪 hold sb back from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 talk back 顶嘴 1 He is a warm hearted man and he s never a person who s in trouble 他是一个热心肠的人 从来不会对那些有困难的人置之不理 2 I hope I can depend on you not to at the last moment 我希望 能信赖你 不至于在最后关头变卦 3 I wouldn t have succeeded in passing the exam if you hadn t me 如果没有你的支持 我不会成功通过考试的 答案 1 turned his back on 2 back out 3 back up 1 用 back 相关的词或词组填空 1 I m used to walking in the room while thinking about a problem 2 The teacher asked us to sit on the grassland 3 It s impolite to pat somebody on the while he or she is doing his or her work 用心 爱心 专心 8 4 You re the secret from me 答案 1 back and forth 2 back to back 3 back 4 holding back 2 名校押题 When the teacher told the boy to sit down he to her and said she couldn t make him A gave way B talked back C looked up D got down 答案与解析 B 题意 当老师叫男孩坐下时 他顶嘴说她不能强迫他 坐下 give way 让路 look up to 抬头看 尊敬 get down to 开始干正事 4 4 makemake upup 编造 虚构编造 虚构 故事等故事等 化妆 组成 构成 补足 补充 和解 言归于好 化妆 组成 构成 补足 补充 和解 言归于好 make it 成功做到 达到某一特定目标 be made up of consist of 由 组成 make out 填写 表格 开出 支票 辨认出 理解 假装 make for 走向 有利于 袭击 冲向 make up for 补偿 弥补 1 She is very quick at excuses 她非常善于编借口 2 The quarrel lasted a few years and finally they 争吵持续了 好几年 最终他们言归于好 3 The toy cost a dollar and Tom had only fifty cents so his father the rest 玩具要一美元 而汤姆只有 50 美分 所以爸爸把剩余的钱补上了 4 Generally girls would prefer to 一般来说 女孩子更爱打扮 答案 1 making up 2 made up 3 made up4 make up 1 用 make 相关的词组填空 1 It s difficult for me to his handwriting 2 We got up too late and I didn t think we would 3 Society people with different abilities 4 In order to escape being scolded by his father for his not being able to pass the exam the boy that he had been ill 答案 1 make out 2 make it 3 is made up of 4 made out 2 名校押题 1 We wanted to get home before dark but it didn t quite as planned A turn up B turn out C make up D make out 答案与解析 B 题意 我们本来想在天黑之前赶回家 但结果发现没有如期实现 turn up 出现 露面 turn out 结果是 make up 构成 和解 化妆 make out 辨别出 假装 2 Some people tried to separate our country by taking illegal actions which didn t exactly racial harmony A make it B make for C make out D make up 答案与解析 B make it 成功 make for 有利于 make out 理解 明白 make up 编造 虚构 根据题意应选 B 项 5 5 comecome intointo beingbeing 开始形成 存在开始形成 存在 come into sight 进入视线 开始看见 come into contact with 与 接触 与 联系 come into effect force 开始生效 用心 爱心 专心 9 come into fashion 开始流行 come into flower 开花 come into use 开始使用 come into consideration 考虑 come into power 开始执政 当权 1 When an embryo a new life is expected to arrive soon 当一个胚胎开始形成时 一个新的生命很快就会诞生 2 A plan on her plastic surgery 关于她整容的 方案已经形成 答案 1 comes into being 2 has come into being 名校押题 Scientists have quite a few different theories about how the universe into being A came B was coming C had come D would come 答案与解析 A 宇宙的形成是过去的事情 所以用一般过去时 6 6 knockknock intointo 撞上 偶遇 不期而遇 强行教导撞上 偶遇 不期而遇 强行教导 knock down 击倒 撞倒 拆毁 降价 减少 拒绝 knock about 漫游 四处走动 殴打 虐待 knock off 击掉 撞掉 使 停止 完成 结束 knock on 敲击 不停地工作 knock out 用锤 敲打掉 使昏迷 淘汰 使精疲力竭 1 He suddenly the tree when he was absorbed in reading the novel on the way 他在路上专心地看小说 突然撞到树上了 2 one of my old classmates while travelling in such a remote place 在这样偏远的地方旅行 我居然遇到了以前的一个老同学 答案 1 knocked into 2 I knocked into 1 完成句子 A boy my bike and knocked me off it 一个男孩撞到我的车子 把 我撞下来了 答案 knocked into 2 名校押题 One of the powerful actions the government has taken is to the illegal buildings to restore the beauty of the city A knock off B knock into C knock down D knock out 答案与解析 C knock down 击倒 撞倒 拆毁 题意 政府采取的有力措施之一 是拆除违章建筑 重新恢复市容 knock off 击掉 撞掉 使 停止 完成 结束 knock into 撞上 偶遇 knock out 用锤 敲打掉 使昏迷 淘汰 使精疲力竭 7 7 breakbreak intointo 强行闯入 破门而入 打断 打扰 突然做强行闯入 破门而入 打断 打扰 突然做 break into a song a laugh tears 突然唱起来 笑起来 哭起来 break into pieces 将 打成碎片 break in 打断 插嘴说 闯入 开始工作 They were watching TV when she broke in 他们正在看电视 她突然闯了进来 One hundred more new recruits broke in at the plant 又有 100 名新员工进入这家工厂 工作 用心 爱心 专心 10 1 We had to the house as we had lost the key 因为弄丢了钥匙 我们只有破门而入了 2 He was so engrossed that she didn t like to his thought 他如 此专注 以至于她不想打断他的思绪 3 When I told him the story he a laugh 当我把这件事告诉他时 他突然大笑起来 答案 1 break into 2 break into 3 broke into 1 完成句子 Don t when I m telling the story 我讲故事时别打断我 答案 break in 2 名校押题 Their house was while they were away on holiday A broken in B breaking into C breaking in D broken into 答案与解析 D 此处需要被动语态 break in 无被动形式 8 8 showshow offoff 炫耀 展示 展现炫耀 展示 展现 show sb out 领某人出去 show in 带 进来 show sb around round 领某人参观 show up 出席 到场 show sb to 带某人去某处 1 Cat