初中英语现在完成时

初中英语现在完成时 1 现在完成时讲解与练习现在完成时讲解与练习 如果你想说 我已经看过某部电影 所以不想看了 某人曾经做过什么事情 等 等 该如果表达呢 首先请看下面的句子 1 I have seen the film I don t want to see it again 这部电影我已经看过 不想再看了 2 Have you answered all the questions 所有的问题你都回答了吗 3 Have you ever looked at a travel brochure 你看过旅游宣传册吗 4 She has never visited the USA 她从没有过去美国 观察 以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的 发生的事情 这种行为对目前有某种影 响 我们把这种时态称为 现在完成时 一 一 现在完成时的概念 现在完成时的概念 现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态 说话人强调的 是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响结果或影响 She has bought a car 她买了一辆车 She has arrived 她到了 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 We ve known each other since we were children 我们从小就认识 I have been a member of the Party for 10 years 二 构成 二 构成 助动词助动词 have has 过去分词过去分词 现在完成时态的肯定句 否定句和疑问句形式 以 work 为例 人称肯定否定疑问回答 第一 人称 I have seen the UFO We have travelled around the world I haven t seen the UFO We haven t travelled around the world Have you seen the UFO Have you travelled around the world Yes I have No I haven t Yes we have No we haven t 第二 人称 You have been to England You haven t been to England Have you been to England Yes I we have No I we haven t 第三 人称 He She has been to Beijing They have given concerts all over the world He She hasn t been to Beijing They haven t given concerts all over the world Has he she been to Beijing Have they given concerts all over the world Yes he she has No he she hasn t Yes they have No they haven t 注 规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同 不规则动词的过去分词见附表 注 规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同 不规则动词的过去分词见附表 练 把下面变否定句 一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答 1 I have done my homework 否定句 一般疑问句 回答 2 The plane has arrived 否定句 一般疑问句 回答 三 三 现在完成时用法归纳现在完成时用法归纳 1 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成 对现在造成的现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成 对现在造成的影响和结果影响和结果 此种此种 用法谓语动词用用法谓语动词用短暂性动词短暂性动词 如 The plane has arrived 常用的时间状语和副词 already 已经 用于肯定句中 通常放在have has 与过去分词之间 如 I have already done my homework yet 还 仍然 已经 用于否定句和疑问句的句末 如 Has she finished cooking yet 他做完饭了吗 初中英语现在完成时 2 练 I have already done my homework 变为否定句 ever 曾经 句中 多用于疑问句 如 Have you ever been to Shanghai never 从不 本身否定 before 以前 句尾 独立用 just 刚刚 用于肯定句中 常用在助动词和过去分词之间 如 I have just heard the news 我刚刚听到消息 2 现在完成时表示过去已经开始 持续到现在 可能延续到将来的动作和状态 现在完成时表示过去已经开始 持续到现在 可能延续到将来的动作和状态 常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用 如 a for 一段时间 for two hours b since 时间点 since 1999 since last year c since 一段时间 ago for 一段时间 since two days ago d up to now till now so far 到目前为止 e in the past two years in the last few days f recently lately 最近 如 Miss Zhao has taught math for five years His mother has worked in the shop since 1990 The Greens have lived in London since three years ago 注 其中在 a b c d 这四种结构中 谓语动词必须为延续性动词 如 I have had this book for one and a half years 这本书我已买了一年半了 用 since 和 for 填空 1 two years 2 two years ago 3 last month 4 1999 5 yesterday 6 4 o clock 7 4 hours 8 an hour ago 9 we were children 10 lunch time 11 she left here 12 He has lived in Nanjing the year before last 13 I ve known him we were children 14 Our teacher has studied Japanese three years 15 She has been away from the city about ten years 4 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用 英语中的短暂性动词 也叫做终止性动词 瞬间动词或非延续性动词 只表示一 时的动作 不能与表示延续的时间状语连用不能与表示延续的时间状语连用 常见的短暂性动词有 go come leave find buy arrive give stop join marry die begin start borrow close open lend 等 eg I have bought this book for three months 非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法 1 将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 leave be away from close be closed join be inbegin start be on 电影开始 buy havego be there die be deadfinish be over borrow keep join be in open be open come back be back 2 时间状语的变化 把表时间的状语 for 变为 数词 时间名词 ago 的 短语形式 即 将时间状语改为过去时间 并用一般过去时代替现在完成时 如 他离开济南三年了 He has left Ji nan for three years He has been away from Ji nan for three years He left Ji nan three years ago 例如 1 They borrowed it last week They it since 2 I bought a pen two hours ago I a pen for 5 have been to have gone to have been in 三种结构的区别三种结构的区别 1 have been to 曾经去过某地 现已离开 可以与 ever never once twice 等连 不能用不能用 buy 初中英语现在完成时 3 用 2 has gone to 去某地了 现在还未回来 此句型一般用于第三人称 3 have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久 若该地为小地方则用 at 句末常有 for 一段时间 或 since 时间点 翻译 你以前去过北京吗 吉姆已经去了伦敦 格林一家在中国已经两年了 6 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1 侧重点不同 现在完成时是与现在有关的时态 属现在时态范畴 它侧重于 过去的动作对现在造成的影响 而一般过去时是一种过去时态 侧重于表示过去 的动作 与现在无关 如 Yesterday I went to the zoo 仅说明昨天去了动物园 与现在无关 Li Lei has read the book 说明李磊了解那本书的内容 2 连用的时间状语不同 一般过去时常与 ago yesterday last in 2000 just now 等连用 而现在完成时与 already yet still just so far in the last past before ever never since for 等时间状语连用 注 现在完成时不可与 yesterday last week two days ago 等过去时间状语连用 现在完成时练习现在完成时练习 基础巩固基础巩固 一 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 I already see the film I see it last week 2 he finish his work today Not yet 3 My father just come back from work He is tired now 4 Where s Li Ming He go to the teacher s office 5 I work here since I move here in 1999 6 So far I make quite a few friends here 7 How long the Wangs stay here For two weeks 8 I just finish my homework 9 He go to school on foot every day 10 you find your science book yet 11 If it be fine tomorrow I ll go with you 12 The students read English when the teacher came in 13 Look The monkey climb the tree 14 My mother come to see me next Sunday 15 I ve lost my pen you see it anywhere 二 句型转换 1 I have been to Macau before 改为否定句 I been to Macau before 2 He hasn t come to school because he s ill 就划线部分提问 he come to school 3 He has learned English for 5 years 就划线部分提问 learned English 4 I bought a new bike just now 用 just 改写 I just a new bike 5 We began to learn English three years ago 改为同义句 We English three years 能力提升能力提升 I 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 Have you ever take a train 2 She s live here ever since she was ten 3 Have you make friends with your new classmates yet 4 I have my lunch and I m not hungry now 5 Jim has never seen a panda he 6 We be good friends since we met at school 7 We can t find him anywhere Perhaps 也许 he go home 8 He read the book before 9 Mr Green teach us a lot about social studies since September 10 I never meet her sister before 初中英语现在完成时 4 II 用 for 或 since 填空 1 Jill has been inBeijing Monday 2 Jill has been in Beijing three days 3 My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days 4 Margaret is in her office She has been there 7 o clock 5 India has been an independent country 1974 6 The bus is late We ve been waiting 20 minutes 7 Nobody lives in those houses They have been empty many years III 用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1 he wait for an hour yet 2 I not finish the work yet 3 you know him since then 4 I hear from my father recently 5 We be there many times during the past three years 6 How long you stay at home 7 She not read the book before 8 I just do it 9 My sister walk to school every day last year 10 Her mother go to Shanghai She leave this morning IV 选择填空 1 Where is Miss Gao She to Shanghai came has been has gone Comes 2 John to the space museum three A have been time B have been times C has been time D has been times 3 Have you met Mr Li Just ago before a moment ago 4 Her grandfather for two years A died B has died C has been dead D has been died 5 It s six weeks I met you last time A when B since C before D for 6 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years was studying will study has studied are studying 7 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl know had known have known knew 8 Harry Potter is a very nice film I it twic