七上英语知识总结.doc

七年级上册英语语法知识总结人称称呼主格宾格形容词性物主代词使用方法第一人称I我We我们 me我us我们My我的Our我们的主语用主格宾语用宾格第二人称You你You你们you你you你们Your你的Your你们的名词前使用形容词性物主代词第三人称He他She她They 他/她/它们him他her她them 他/她/它们His他的Her她的Their他/她/它们的He,she,It,my brother等是第三人称单数情态动词Can:含有情态动词can的肯定句的结构为“主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他”。I can find your bag. 我能找到你的书包。含有情态动词的否定句的结构为“主语+情态动词+否定词not+动词原形+其他”。They cant answer these questions. 他们不能回答这些问题。含有情态动词的一般疑问句是将陈述句中的情态动词移至主语前，句末加问号，用升调读。Are you good with kids? 你与孩子们相处得融洽吗？be good with与.相处得好Do you often go _? A. swim B. swimming C. swimming 选B。go swimming去游泳 go+动名词I think Joe is a good boy. 我认为乔是一个好男孩。 （ dont think认为。不）否定句：I dont think Joe is a good boy.我认为乔不是一个好男孩。（否定前移现象）I like bananas.= I like eating bananas. 我喜欢吃香蕉。 喜欢与不喜欢的动词都用复数形式。I like basketball. = I like playing basketball. 我喜欢打篮球.What kind of 什么种类的 What kind of books do you like?你喜欢哪类书？kind 种类 a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样的Do you want to go to a movie? 你想去看电影吗？ go to a movie去看电影在西方国家，星期天是一个星期的第一天。所以：Saturday is the seventh day of a week. 星期六是一个星期的第7天。-Is this/that your sister? -Yes, it is. 用This/that提问时用it来回答。-Are these/those books?-Yes, they are. 用these/those提问时用they来回答。使用某种语言用介词in. 如：in English用英语 in Chinese用汉语There be结构：There is+单数名词， There are +复数名词；.There be结构适用就近原则，即 be和后面紧挨着的名词在数上保持一致。 There are two “s” in the word. 在这个单词里有两个s. There is a banana and two apples on the desk. 在书桌上有一只香蕉和两个苹果。某人有某物用：have/has. 第三人称单数用has, 其它人称用have.在某处/某时有某物/某人用：There be结构。如果能在汉语句子前加一个“在”字就用There be结构。a set of 一套，一串 a set of books一套书 a set of keys一串钥匙see看见，看到（带有偶然性，是指偶然间看见，看到）；watch 观看（电视，球赛等） look看（不及物动词，不接宾语，指引起别人的注意）；look at看（及物动词，接宾语）This is an apple.（改为复数） These are some apples. 单数变复数方法如下：单数Is是This这That那a/an一I我You你He他She她It它复数areThese这些those那些some一些We我们You 你们They他们They 她们They它们乘坐公共汽车：take a bus 乘坐5路车：take the number 5 bus它是一步成功的动作片: It is a successful action movie. successful成功的李雷最喜爱的男演员是李连杰： Li Leis favorite actor is Jet li. actor男演员我常和朋友们打排球：I often play volleyball with my friends. With和一起我认为记录片很无聊：I think documentaries are very boring. documentaries用复数-Who is in the movie MR Bean?谁主演的电影憨豆先生？-Rowan Atkinson is. -Who is the girl with a ball ?-He is my sister. 拿着球的那个女孩是谁？-Why .? 为什么？- Because因为 用because回答时，问句以 Why来提问。-Can I help you? 你要买东西吗？ -Yes, please. I want a pant . 是的，我想买一条裤子。His mother is good with his grandmother. 他妈妈很会和他奶奶相处。我会讲一点儿汉语： I can speak a little Chinese . a little 一点儿几点了？: Whats the time? = What time is it ?get to + 名词地点；但get to在跟 here（这儿）， there（那儿）， home（家）等地点副词时应去掉介词to。即get here到这儿， get there到那儿，get home到家.What time do people usually eat dinner?= When do people usually eat dinner?人们通常什么时候吃晚饭？ What time有时可改写成 when。 what time几点钟 when什么时候请尽快写信。Please write soon. I do my homework ( 做作业 ) in the evening. 我在晚上做作业。学校上课在九点。School starts at nine oclock. start开始Play the piano弹钢琴/play the violin 拉小提琴/play soccer踢足球/ play chess下棋. 乐器前用定冠词the ，球类、棋类前不用冠词。几月几日，星期几：先说星期几，再说月日。 “日”用序数词。哪年哪月哪日星期几：先说星期几，再说月日，年。 “日”用序数词。形容词性物主代词后跟名词。形容词性物主代词有：my我的 , our我们的, your你的, your你们的, his他的, her她的, its它的，their他（她/它）们的.help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 。with是介词，介词后跟V-ing、名词、代词等。如： He often help me with my English. 他常常帮我学英语。Can you help me with swimming( 游泳)? 你能帮我学游泳吗？（介词后跟动名词）swim的动名词形式：以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的，应双写这一辅音字母再加-ing.）The boy can Play volleyball. （对划线部分提问） What can the boy do?Jim sings well. He can _ in our school music festival. A. is B. am C. be D. are 选C。can是情态动词，后跟动词原形。be是原形 . Some用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句用any. 但在表示请求、建议或希望对方做肯定答复时用some。如：I have some French fries. 我有一些薯条。（some“一些，若干”，用于肯定句）Do you have any video tapes ? 你有一些录象带吗？（用于否定句）Can you give me some salad ? 你能给我一些沙拉吗？ （表示请求、建议，希望对方给自己一些沙拉）(一)On:1 用来表示在具体的某一天（星期几或几月几日）或具体的某个节日。On my birthday在我生日那天 on September 1st 在九月一日On Monday在星期一 on Childrens Day 在儿童节2 用来表示具体某一天（星期几或几月几日）的上午、下午或晚上。on Friday afternoon在星期五的下午 on the morning of May 4th在五月四日的早晨3 on表示地点、位置时与物体表面相接触，意为“在。之上，”也表示“靠近，相互接触等”。Theres a book on the desk. 在桌子上有一本书。strict 严格的，严厉的。be strict with sb.对某人严格. be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格。例如：My mother is strict with me. 我妈妈对我要求严格。I am strict in my homework. 我对作业要求严格。表示日期要用序数词。 from to 从。到。首次提到的单数可数名词前加不定冠词；上文提到过的事物前面要加定冠词the. Your grandfather是第三人称单数形式。 What time常用于询问时间点。When 什么时候。Your mothers birthday的对应代词用it. on sale意为“廉价出售”；介词for表示钱数。Many修饰复数可数名词，此处的time是不可数名词，排除；a little意为“一点”，与文意不符；little意为“少许；少量”，不符句意；只有lots of 既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。black and white意为“黑白花色的”。 洗澡take/have a shower乘坐公共汽车用动词take；主语I是第一人称单数，take用原形。答语意为“是的。我想要一双黑色的鞋”，由此可推知前面的话应该是问“需要帮忙吗/您想买点什么吗”，即Can I help you ? = What can I do for you?They often play baseball on Saturday afternoon. 在某一天的上午、下午、晚上用介词on 。My good friend Li Li is in America. I often write to her. to是介词，后跟宾语用宾格。Li Li 是女性，所以填her. 他婶婶怎么去上班？ How does his aunt go to work? I can draw, but I cant draw _. A. good B. nice C. well D. great draw是行为动词，后跟副词，故选C. well .Can you swim? Welcome to our swimming club. Can是情态动词，后跟动词原形，swimming club 游泳俱乐部我姐姐每天帮我学英语: My sister helps me with my English every day. 我们认为黑色九月很无聊: We think Black September is very boring. 我会唱歌也会跳舞： I can sing and dance. 他们能看见房间里有三架钢琴： They can see three pianos in the room. 她妈妈很会和她奶奶相处： Her mother is good with her grandmother.我常和朋友们打排球： I often play volleyball with my friends.（在句中做状语）我们有女孩穿的红色裤子：For girls, we have red pants. thanks for后接名词或 V-ing形式，意为“为某事表示感谢”。.介词in表示颜色；at a price意为“以。的钱数”。Lets do sth.常用于提出建议。对他人的建议表示同意时常说That sounds good/ great/interesting 问句是由情态动词Can开头的，回答时也应该用can.Jim does his homework at home. 吉姆在家做作业。do ones homework 做作业。ones通常是形容词性物主代词，与主语保持一致。broccoli是不可数名词，any常用在疑问句或否定句中，既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。意为“任何，一些”。a kind of 一种 all kinds of各种各样的 what day星期几 the date日期be busy with sth.忙于某事 be busy doing sth.忙着做某事 love to do sth. 喜爱做某事(二) at1.用在具体的某一时刻前，即表示在“几点几分”。 He gets up at six oclock in the moring. 他在早晨六点钟起床。2 at表示在较小的地方，在“车站，入口，电影院”等名词前也常用介词at.Dont stand at the door, please. 请不要站在门口。1Her cousin plays basketball_ three hours every day. A. at B. for C. on D. in 选 B. 表示一段时间用介词for. 2A lot of students are busy _ their homework _ Sunday.A.in, on B. with,on C. with,in D. in, in 选B. be busy with sth. 忙于做某事3I have some baseballs, but I dont have _ basketball.A. any B. some C. one D.other 选A. 否定句用any, some用于肯定句。4-_? -Its Tuesday.A. Whats your favorite subject B. What day is it today C. why do you like math由答语“今天是星期二”，可推知问句应选B.意为“今天是星期几？” 我最喜欢的城市是北京。My favorite city is Beijing. 课后他常做什么？What does he usually do after class?我累了想休息一下。I am tired. I want to rest. 你喜欢和他玩儿吗？Do you like to play with him?5.My sister does _ homework every evening.A. my B. her C. his D. our 选B. My sister是女性，故用her.6._ comes after Wednesday. ( after在。之后)A. Friday B. Thursday C. Tuesday D. Saturday 选B. （星期三之后是星期四。） 7.Mike _ a shower every day.A. have B. take C. has D. does 选C.have a shower淋浴, 洗澡 has是第三人称单数形式。8.Wei Fang is busy _ swimming. A. learn B. learning C. learns D. to learn 选B. be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 9.Do you know _? A. what does he want B. where my pen is C. where is my pen 选B. you是主语，know是谓语，where my pen is是宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述句语序，即：主语在前，谓语在后。my pen是主语，is是谓语。 我父亲常乘5路公共汽车去上班。My father usually takes the number 5 bus to work.我的朋友常写信告诉我他学校的情况。My friend often writes and tells me about his school.白色和黑色是她最喜爱的颜色。White and black are her favorite colors. go to a movie 去看电影 go to school去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 go home回家你今天上数学课吗？Do you have math today? have math表示“上数学课”。在英语中可以独立成词，且永远大写的字母是_.A. N B. A C. I D. W 选C. I既是字母，又是单词。 (三) in (1) in表示地点、场所，意为“在。里，在。中”。另外，在表示大的地点时常用in.Therere twelve boys in our class. 在我们班有名男生。Hes in Beijing now. 他现在在北京。(2) 用在某年、某季、某月、某周前。 in 2006在2006年 in November在11月 in the second week在第二周(3) 用来表示“在白天、早晨、上午、下午、晚上” in the day在白天in the morning在上午 in the afternoon在下午 in the evening在傍晚 肯定句中的“和”用and，否定句的“和”用or。如：Lisa has some broccoli and carrots. 莉萨有一些花椰菜和胡萝卜。（肯定句中的“和”用and）I dont have Viloin or piano. 我没有小提琴和钢琴。（否定句中的“和”用or）名词所有格：1 单数名词后加s，复数名词不以以结尾的也加s。Jims pencil Childrens bags小孩子们的包2 以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加。 Teachers books 教师们的书 3 表示几个人共有一件事物，只在最后一个名词后加s，如表示各自所有，则在各个名词后加s. 如：Lucy and Lilys mother （两人共有一个） These rooms are lucys and Lilys.（两间房）4 表示“店铺，某人家”的名词所有格后面一般省略所修饰的名词。10.-Is your mothers birthday July 16th?-No, _. A. she isnt B. she doesnt C. it isnt D. it is 选C. 11.-_? -Yes, please. I want a pair of black shoes. A. How do you spell it? B. How are you C. Can I help you D. Where are my shoes选C. 意为“需要我帮忙吗？” 答语意为“是的，我想买一双黑鞋子”。我看到他的字典在失物招领橱里: I see his dictionary in the lost and found case.李夫人会讲一点儿汉语: Mrs Li can speak a little Chinese. 12.Jones _ a red skirt, but she doesnt _ a red one. A. has, have B. has, has C. have, has D. have, have 选A. Jones是三单，动词用has ，doesnt后跟动词原形.has的原形是have.13.Lets go to Lishi Clothing Store. The red sweaters are _ sale _ only 10 dollars. A. on, for B. for, on C. on, on D. for, for 选A. on sale廉价出售,钱数前用介词for.14._ mother is an English teacher. A. Daves and Robert B. Daves and Roberts C. Dave and Robert D. Dave and Roberts选D.为两人所共有在第二个名字后加s, 如分别为每人所有，则在每个名字后加s. 15.-Lets go to a movie this Saturday .-_.A.No, I dont B. Youre welcome C. That sounds interesting D. yes, I do . 选 C. “ 让我们这个星期六去看电影吧！”应选择 “这个主意听起来很有趣”。16.-Can Jim speak English well? -_. He thinks it is diffic