口腔医学专业英语题库-四川大学华西口腔医学院

精品文档 1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载1欢迎下载 专英重点专英重点 一 一 Parapharyngeal 咽旁 Septicemia 败血病 Sialolithiasis 涎石病 Periostitis 骨膜炎 Sialoductitis 涎管炎 Fracture 骨折 Comminution 粉碎 Hyperplasia 增生 Reparative 修复性 Mucoperiosteum 黏骨膜 Radiolucent X 光透射 Space 间隙 Infection 感染 Prosthesis 义齿 Oblique 倾斜 Scquestrum 腐骨 死骨 Biopsy 切片检查法 Sialogram 涎管 X 线造影片 Giant 巨大 Nonmalignant 良性的 Pyogenic 化脓性 Mole 胎块 Devoid 缺乏的 Laceration 撕裂 Hyperpyrexia 高热 Self reduce 自行使脱臼复位 句子翻译 1 If proper preparation of solution syringes needles and technic has been carried out untoward incidents should seldom occur during or after the injection of the local anesthetic However one should be in a position to cope with complications in the rare cases when they arise 若药液注射剂 针头及技术准备妥当 在局麻注射过程中或之后都将很少出现 但是 医生仍应做好应对罕见并发 症的准备 2 Postoperative pain which the patient experiences after the second and third postoperative day should be carefully examined since this is not a normal postoperative course It is caused by dry socket or sharp bone spine 患者于术后二三日之后的疼痛 可能为非正常情况 需特别仔细检查 其有可能由于干槽症或是尖锐骨刺引起 3 Acute dento alveolar abscess This is an acute localized suppuration about a tooth The infection may start in one of three ways a periapical b pericemental c pericoronal 急性牙槽脓肿 是一种牙齿急性局限性的化脓表现 这种感染可能由下列三种途径引起 根尖周 牙周膜 冠周 4 Salivary glands may be involved by tumors cyst sialadenitis from infection sialoductitis with subsequent strictures of the ducts 涎腺可罹患肿瘤 囊肿 感染所致的涎腺导管炎 及其后遗的导管狭窄症 5 The lower jaw is more exposed to violence and consequently is more often fractured than any other facial bone 下颌骨更加容易暴露于外界暴力中 因此比所有其它的面部骨都更经常发生骨折 6 The common diseases of the temporo mandibular joint are subluxation dislocation and ankylosis The infection of this joint is rare 普通疾病会造成颞下颌关节半脱位或脱臼和关节僵直是很非常少见的 7 Nearly all of the tumors and cysts which can arise in any part of the body may be found in or around the mouth except those which are peculiar to certain organs 几乎全部肿瘤和囊肿会发生在身体的任何部位或嘴巴周围 除非某些特殊的肿瘤才会发生在特定的器官 8 The object in undertaking such reparative procedures is the restoration of function or the improvement of appearance or both Included within the group which may require reconstructive procedures are congenital malformations traumatic injuries deformations due to operation for neoplasms destruction of tissue incident to disease or the treatment of disease 被用来使用修复程序的对象是为了恢复功能或是促进美观或是两者兼具 包含了天生畸形 创伤性的伤害 肿瘤治 精品文档 2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载2欢迎下载 疗 去除病变的组织或是疾病的治疗 9 It includes also those oral or extraoral operations which are indicated for the restoration of lost bone teeth or the insertion of retentive devices for dentures 用来修复失骨和失牙或是义齿的固位装置包含在口腔和口外的手术 10 The maxillary right central and left lateral incisors had Class 1 mobility3 the maxillary left central incisor had an oblique4 fracture line through the distal portion of the crown 上合右中切牙和左侧切牙属于 1 分类松动 3 度 上合左中切牙在牙冠远中部分有一个斜行的骨折线 11 In the treatment of acute osteomyelitis the general rule is to institute antibiotic therapy and to surgically establish adequate drainage 在治疗急性骨髓炎时 全身疗法可用滴注抗生素治疗 外科方法为建立开放引流管道 12 The lower end of the short fragment is generally displaced upward and forward by contraction of the elevator muscles In addition Slight inward displacement is more common than external displacement 短部分的下部通常会因为提口肌群的收缩导致向上向前移位 此外 稍微向内的移位比向外移位常见 二 二 anodyne 镇痛剂 apiciectomy 根尖切除术 analgesic 止痛的 adenocarcinoma 腺癌 anastomosis 吻合 alveolalgia 干槽症 appliance 矫正器 aggravate 加重恶化 advious 迂回的 apprehensive 敏捷的 担心的 ankylosis 关节僵直 appliance 器具 ameloblastoma 成釉细胞瘤 advanced 晚期的 bur 园头锉 contraindication 禁忌症 chisel 凿子 cancellate 松的 cellulites 蜂窝织炎 condyle 棵突 comminution 粉碎 curettment 刮除术 coronoid 冠状喙状 crepitus 捻发音 cripple 使残废 circumferential 环绕周围的 chondrosarooma 软骨肉瘤 dermatitis 皮炎 devitalization 失活 去生肌 detritus 腐质 dammed up 阻塞的 dilation 膨胀扩大 deformity 畸形 deviation 偏向 diffuse 弥散的 discoloration 再生 dissection 解剖分析 demonstrable 可论证的 employ 使用 ethyl chloride 氯乙烷 enhance 增强 epinephrine 肾上腺素 ecohymosis 瘀斑 extraction 拔出 erupt 萌出 elevator 牙挺 excision 切除 effusion 渗出 exostosis 外生骨疣 edentulous 无牙的 extravasation 外渗液 enucleation 摘除术 eradicate 根除消灭 flap 办片 fracture 骨折 fibrosarcoma 纤维肉瘤 fixation 固定 fibroma 纤维瘤 ganglion 神经节 glenoid 关节窝的 hypodermic 皮下 hyperthyroidism 甲抗 hematoma 血肿 hematogenous 血源性的 hyoid 舌骨的 hypertrophy 肥大 hyperostosis 骨肥厚 hemangioma 血管瘤 instillation 滴注 inadvisable 不妥当的 infraorbital 眶下的 idiosyncrasy 特异性质 impacted 阻生的 infratemporal 颞下的 inward 向内的 精品文档 3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载3欢迎下载 isotope 同位素 jaundice 黄疸 lessen 减少 loop 环圈 lime 石灰 laceration 撕裂 ligation 结扎 lymphangioma 淋巴管瘤 lipoma 脂肪瘤 lymphosarooma 淋巴肉瘤 lining 榇里 medication 药疗法 maxilla 上颌骨 myxofibroma 粘液纤维瘤 malposition 错位 malposed 异位的 mallet 槌 mental 颏的 morbidity 发病率 masseter 嚼肌 melanomaco 黑瘤 muoperiosteal 粘骨膜的 muoperiosteum 粘骨膜 myxoma 黏液瘤 myeloma 骨髓瘤 metastasize 转移 marsupialization 造袋术 neurasthenic 神经衰弱的 neuralgia 神经痛 neuroma 神经瘤 nedule 小节结 notch 切迹 nonmalignant 非恶性的 ointment 软膏 opponent 对抗肌 odontoma 牙瘤 orthodontic 正牙的 osseous 骨的 osteomyelitis 骨髓炎 osteoma 骨瘤 osteoradionecrosis 放射性骨坏死 osteoid 骨样的 osteoclastoma 破骨细胞瘤 ossify 使骨硬化 paralyze 使麻痹瘫痪 prolong 延长 pericementitis 牙周膜炎 psychically 精神上地 periostitis 骨膜炎 pyemia 脓毒症脓血症 preanesthetic 前驱麻痹 precipitate 促使加速 premadicate 术前用药 pterygomandibular 翼突下颌 pterygoid 翼状的 palpation 触诊 periosteum 骨膜 periosteal 骨膜的 perineurium 神经束膜 parapharyngeal 咽旁的 pathognomonic 特殊病症的 pyogenic 生脓的 peripheral 周围的 periodontoclasia 牙周溃疡 pericoronal 冠周的 precox 早发的 periosteum papilloma 乳头瘤 paranasal 鼻旁的 retard 延迟 retrieval 取回 restricted 受限制的 retrozygomatic 颧骨后的 regeneration 再生 rhabdomyoma 横纹肌瘤 rhabdomyosarcoma 横纹肌肉瘤 sheath 鞘 succedaneous 替代的 spine 刺 脊柱 symphysis 联合 sinus 窦 sequestrum 死骨 supernumerary 多余的 salt 盐 sepsis 脓毒症败血症 subcutaneous 皮下的 sialadenitis 涎腺炎 sialoductitis 涎管炎 septicemia 败血症 sialolithiasis 涎石形成 sialography 涎管 X 线造影技术 swallow 吞咽 splint 夹板 suprahyoid 舌骨上的 tuberosity 结节粗隆 trismus 牙关紧闭 traumatize 受外伤 traumatism 创伤病 traumatogenic 创伤性的 thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎 temporal 颞的 tendernoss 触痛 torus palatinus 腭隆凸 transitonal 转变的 vicinity 附近邻近 三 三 内科内科 1 In evaluating the clinical features of gingivitis it is necessary to be systematic Attention should be focused on subtle tissue alteration because these may be of diagnostic significance A systematic clinical approach requires an orderly examination of the gingival for color contour 精品文档 4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载4欢迎下载 consistency position ease and severity of bleeding and pain 我们必须系统性的评估牙龈炎的临床特点 必须注意些微的组织变化 因为对诊断来说是有意义的 一个系统性的临 床检查途径需照顺序对牙龈颜色 外型 质地 位置 出血情况和疼痛程度进行检查 2 当患者出现牙龈炎时 最常见的表现为牙龈的水肿和增生 When the patient suffers from gingivitis the most common signs are edema and proliferation of the gingiva 3 龈沟内上皮发生溃疡是急性牙龈炎的典型特征之一 Ulceration of the sulcular epithelium is one of the typical signs of acute gingivitis 外科外科 L9 1 However if brawny massive induration which pits on pressure presents in five to seven days with an elevation of temperature in spite of antibiotic treatment and there is no fluctuation then that space should be surgically explored 然而 尽管经过五到七天的抗菌治疗 体温仍然高温并且某部位质实 坚硬呈现块状 扪诊无波动感 就需要外科 手术的探查了 2 After the acute symptoms have been subsided the tooth originally causing the trouble should be extracted in order to avoid recurrence or the persistence of a discharging sinus 急性症状缓解后 病灶牙必须要移除以免再度复发或是持续性的窦炎 L10 1 Many salivary stones are symptomless It is only when partial or complete obstruction occurs that symptoms develop 许多涎石是无自觉症状的 只有当发生部分或是完全阻塞的时候症状才会发展 2 The obstruction is due to mechanical blockage because of the stones or periductal infection causing inflammatory edema which results in the occlusion of the lumen of the duct 造成阻碍是由于石头的机械性阻塞或是导管周围的感染导致炎症性水肿 而造成的管腔狭窄 修复修复 L13 1 Replantation replantation means the reinsertion of a tooth in the socket from which it has been removed purposely or by accident The replant fit its socket perfectly and should enjoy a high degree of success 再植术 再植术是指将由于某种目的或意外脱落的牙齿重新植入其脱落的牙槽窝内 这种再植完全吻合自身的牙槽 窝 且具有很高的成功率 2 Transplantation transplantation means the insertion of a natural tooth into the socket of a recently extracted tooth 移植术 移植术是指将天然牙植入最近拔除牙齿的牙槽窝 3 The autotransplant a transplant from one place to another within the same mouth enjoys a high success rate often with indefinite survival by vltue of prompt transfer of the tooth to its new site Autotransplantation s tooth is best performed when the root of the donor tooth is almost 精品文档 5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载5欢迎下载 completely formed but its apices are still open The most commonly used donor tooth for autotransplantation to first and second molarsite is third molar The allogenic tooth probably was the first transplanted human organ Teeth have been transplanted for centuries The tooth inserted may be an old reserved one which has been extracted for a long time or it may be a freshly extracted tooth from another individual 自体移植物 同一个口腔内从一处到另一处的移植物 迅速转移到新的定植部位有着较高的成功率 但常常不确定是 否能存活 当供体牙的牙根基本发育完成但根尖还未封闭时作为自体移植牙效果最好 最常移植到第一二磨牙区的 自体移植牙是第三磨牙 外源性的牙可能是最早进行移植的人体器官 牙的移植已经有几世纪的历史 植入的牙可 以使很早以前拔除后保留下来的牙 或者是刚从另一个个体拔除的牙 4 Implantation means the insertion of an artificial tooth into a new socket Acceptable materials may be divided into four major categories such as metals polymers ceramics and carbon 种植术是将人工牙植入一个新的牙槽窝 生物替代品 能植入的材料可以分为四类 比如金属 钛和钴铬合金 聚合 物 陶瓷 氧化铝 以及碳 5 Bone grafts are commonly used to restore the bone defects Bone grafts can be composed of either compact or cancellous bone Compact bone transplants may be used in the form of solid pieces or in the form of chips Cancellous bone is commonly used in the form of chips The grafts may be taken from ribs or iliac crest 骨移植片常用来修复骨缺陷 骨移植片由密质骨或松质骨组成 密质骨可以整块拿来移植也可以以碎片的形式来使 用 松质骨通常是以碎片的形式来使用 骨移植片可以从肋骨或髂嵴上获取 L14 1 The third visit is concerned with obtaining vertical dimension and centric relation This relationship is fixed and transferred to an articulator In addition eccentric relation is obtained and the condylar guidance path is established During this visit it is usually possible to select anterior teeth 第三次就诊的重点在于获得垂直距离及正中关系 这种关系固定后转移到合架上 此外 还要纪录反常的关系及髁导 斜度 再这次就诊中可选择出前牙 2 In the ideal abutment a proportionate relationship exists between the lengths of the crown and the root Where the root is excessively short either congenitally or due to resorption it cannot furnish the necessary support to the crown or resistance to the forces of mastication developed during the various movements of the mandible The additional forces in herent in a bridge will cause such teeth to fail as abutments 理想的基牙要具备成比例的冠根比 无论是由于先天性的还是再吸收导致的根长过短的牙齿 都无法对冠提供足够的 支持 也无法抵抗颔骨各种运动所产生的咀嚼力 桥体所固有的附加应力也会导致这类牙作为桥基牙时修复失败 L16 1 A typical removable extension partical denture will generally have these components one or more bases one or more major connectors several minor connectors two or more direct retainers one or more indirect retainers a varying number of resin or porcelain teeth or resin teeth with cast occlusal surfaces to replace those missing Where the direct retainer is of the clasp type it will usually include an occlusal rest a reciprocal clasp arm and a retentive clasp arm 精品文档 6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载6欢迎下载 一个典型的可摘义齿应包括以下部分 一个或多个基托 一个或多个大连接体 一些小连接体 两个或多个直接固 位体 一个或多个间接固位体 数目不等的树脂牙 瓷牙或者有铸造合面的树脂牙来替代缺失牙 当采用卡环作为 直接固位体时 他通常包括一个合支托 一个卡环对抗臂 一个卡环固位臂 2 The base is a most important unit in the partial denture because through it the principal support is to the gained from the underlying ridge structure 基托是局部义齿中最重要的一个部分 因为基托得到的主要的支持来自其下方牙槽嵴 3 Since it prevents cervical movement of the appliance on the abutment the retentive terminal of the clasp is kept in the desiredposition on the cervically inclined infrabulge surface and retention is maintained 当卡环作为直接固位体使用时 作为它的一部分 必须有一个合支托 卡环的固位端被放置在颈部倾斜倒凹区斜面上 并保持其固位 而合支托可以阻止装置对基牙的颈向运动 4 The third part which makes up the clasp unit is the very essential component for which the clasp retainer reallywas devised At least one arm of each clasp must create resistance to vertical displacement This is accomplished by locating the retentive terminal cervically to the tooth s gteates diameter commonly referred to as the height of contour 组成卡环的第三个非常重要的部分是固位臂 每个卡环至少要有一个臂设计成抵抗垂直向脱位 它是通过把固位末 端安置在牙齿最大直径上实现的 通常被称为外形最高点 L17 1 A phase of denture prosthesis widely practiced at the present time is the concentration of the immediate dentires This type differs from the complete dentures described in the previous chapters primarily in that they are constructed and ready to be inserted immediately after the removal of all remaining natural teeth from either the maxillary or mandibular arch 即刻义齿是现今广泛应用的一种义齿修复方式 如前几章所述 这种形式与全口义齿最大的不同在于它是预先做好并 在拔出上颌牙弓或下颌牙弓的所有天然余留牙后立即戴入 2 For problem cases which arise after removal of all the teeth attempts are sometimes made by means of implants of various types to provide a denture support which is superior to that provided by the mucoperiosteum alone 针对拔除全部牙齿后出现的问题 可以采取各种移植物来提供义齿的支持 这优于单纯由粘骨膜来提供支持 3 It should be appreciated however that the periodontal membrane of the naturaltooth is ideally suited to give spport against occlsual stresses 然而 应该认识到天然牙的牙周膜是可以抵抗咬合力的理想结构 4 The root of a natural tooth is therefore superior to any form of artificial implant If such support is available it should not be discarded unless one is sure that the patient will be satisfied with a conventional type of complete denture supported entirely by the mucoperiostem 因此 天然牙的牙根也优于任何人工的种植体 如果可以获得这种支持 就不该放弃 除非可以确定病人对于完全由 粘骨膜支持的常规全口义齿是满意的 5 A part from providing the possibility of increased support and retention for a denture the presence of some modified teeth may also give to the denture wearer the advantages of alveolar ridge preservation and better intraoral discriminatory ability 除了为义齿提供增加支持和固位的可能性 一些预备后的牙的存在也可给予戴义齿者保存牙槽嵴的优势和更好的口内 精品文档 7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载7欢迎下载 辨别能力 6 The appear to be little doubt that if a denture is in contact with or attached to roots the patient has a significantly increased ability to discriminate between the size of objects placed between the teeth and to sense direction and to control the amount of force applied to the denture and its supporting tissues This ability is reduced markedly when the last tooth or root is removed from the dental arch 毫无疑问地 如果义齿接触或附着于牙根部 患者对于辨别放置于牙齿中的物体大小和感受方向 以及控制施加于义齿 及其支持组织上的力的能力会显着提高 当从牙弓中移除最后一颗牙或最后一个牙根时 这种能力会显着降低 四 四 Xerostomia 口干症 matrix 基质 Alveolalgia 干槽症 contraindication 禁忌症 Carbonhydrate 碳水化合物 perikymate 采用柱横纹 Pellicle 薄膜 glycoprotein 醣蛋白 Supragingival 龈上的 subgingival 龈下的 Niches 小生境 sulcus 沟 Odontoblast 成牙本质细胞 fibroblast 成纤维细胞 Mesenchymal 间质的 ischaemia 缺血 Granulation 肉芽 hyperplastic 增生 Calculus 牙石 periodontitis 牙周炎 Probing 探查 Scaling 刮治术 Curettage 刮治 RAU 复发性溃疡性口炎 Recurrent ulcerative stomatitis Anodyne 镇痛剂 hematoma 血肿 Preanesthetic 前驱麻醉 paralyze 使麻痹 Elevator 牙挺 apicoectomy 根尖切除术 Cellulitis 蜂窝组织炎 periodontoclasia 牙周溃坏 Pericoronal 牙冠周 ecchymosis 皮下瘀血 Subcutaneous 皮下的 L9 L10 Sepsis 脓毒症 败血症 sialadenitis 涎腺炎 Septicemia 败血病 sialoductitis 涎管炎 Pterygomandibular 翼突下颌的 sialolithiasis 涎石形成 Parapharyngeal 咽旁的 excision 切除 Infratemporal 颞下的 pyemia 脓血症 Retrozygomatic 颧骨后的 nodule 小结节 Thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎 dammed up 阻塞的 Periostitis 骨膜炎 dilation 膨胀 扩张 Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎 hematogenous 血原性的 Fistula 瘘管 精品文档 8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载8欢迎下载 Osteoradionecrosis 放射性骨坏死 L9 1 However if brawny massive induration which pits on pressure presents in five to seven days with an elevation of temperature in spite of antibiotic treatment and there is no fluctuation then that space should be surgically explored 然而 尽管经过五到七天的抗菌治疗 体温仍然高温并且某部位质实 坚硬呈现块状 扪诊无波动感 就需要外科 手术的探查了 2 After the acute symptoms have been subsided the tooth originally causing the trouble should be extracted in order to avoid recurrence or the persistence of a discharging sinus 急性症状缓解后 牙齿的原病灶必须要移除以免再度复发或是持续性的窦炎 L10 1 Many salivary stones are symptomless It is only when partial or complete obstruction occur that symptoms develop 许多涎石并不是症状 只有当部分或是全部涎石变成阻塞物时候症状才会发展 2 The obstruction is due to mechanical blockage because of the stones or periductal infection causing inflammatory edema which results in the occlusion of the lumen of the duct 阻碍物是由于石头的机械性阻塞或是导管周围的感染导致炎症性水肿使的管腔狭窄 L13 L14 Prosthesis 义齿修复术 impression 印膜 Undercut 倒凹 gingiva 牙龈 Mucoperiosteum 黏骨膜 alginate 藻酸盐 Retentive 固位的 articulator 咬 牙合 架 Hypertrophy 肥大 bite rim 牙合 堤 Depressor 降肌 hydrocolloid 水胶体 Nasalis 鼻肌 mastication 咀嚼 Buccinatoris 颊肌 L15 Genioglossus 颏舌肌 abutment 基牙 Mentalis 颏肌 bridge 桥 Frenum 系带 contraindicate 禁忌 Frenectomy 系带切除术 monocarious 单龋的 Reposition 复位术 polycarious 多龋的 Ankylotomy 舌系带切除术 complete veneer 全覆盖 Ankyloglossia 舌系带短缩 calcify 钙化 Alveolectomy 牙槽缘切除术 margin 边缘 Exostosis 外生骨疣 casting 铸件 Malignancy 恶性肿瘤 grind ground 磨 Autotransplant 自体移植物 malpose 错位 Polymer 聚合物 malrelate 错 牙合 Silicon 硅 invest 包埋 Raphe 缝 mesiodistally 近中远侧地 Contour 外形 buccolingually 颊舌地 Creat 脊 rotation 旋转 Alar 翼 etiology 病因学 Prognathia 上颌前突 esthetics 美学 Cancollous 网状骨 L16 Iliac 查骨的 connector 连街体 Torus 隆凸 porcelain 瓷料 Clasp 卡环 Resin 树脂 leverage 杠杆作用 occlusal rest 牙合 支托 L17 Overlay 覆盖物 implant 移植物 Hybrid 混合的 clench 咬紧 精品文档 9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载9欢迎下载 Threshold 阈 L13 1 Replantation replantation means the reinsertion of a tooth in the socket from which it has been removed purposely or by accident The replant fit its socket perfectly and should enjoy a high degree of success 再植是指牙因事故或曾经治疗故意移除重新插入牙槽 此再植体高度符合此槽以及有较高的成功率 2 Transplantation transplantation means the insertion of a natural tooth into the socket of a recently extracted tooth 移植为使用邻近的无用牙植到所需的自然牙的位置上 自体移植 同一个体的口腔中从这处转植到另外一处 活络的 生存力剧有高度的成功率 取决于牙移植的时机 自体移植牙的最佳时刻是供体牙根几乎完全形成 但根尖孔尚未 闭合 最常使用自体移植牙为第三磨牙来替代第一磨牙和第二磨牙 异体牙移植大概是人类器官移植的开端 牙移 植已经有数世纪的历史 被植入的可能是被以前拔出很久时间且存放的牙或是才刚从其它个体拔出的新鲜牙 3 Implantation means the insertion of an artificial tooth into a new socket Acceptable materials may be divided into four major categories such as metals polymers ceramics and carbon 种植为植入人工牙到新的牙槽上 可使用的材料分为四类 金属 聚合物 陶瓷和碳 L14 1 The third visit is concerned with obtaining v