高中英语状语从句精编版

1 状语从句用法详解状语从句用法详解 在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词 形容词 副词等的从句叫状语从句 在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词 形容词 副词等的从句叫状语从句 一一 时间状语从句时间状语从句 起时间状语作用的从句 起时间状语作用的从句 when while as after before until till since as soon as immediately the moment every time whenever 等 等 1 when while as 1 when 当当 的时候的时候 表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生 表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生 I was very happy when I heard from you When you deal with them you should be cautious When I was young I went to town myself 延续性动词 When the fire broke out all the students were sleeping soundly 非延续性动词 As a young man When he was a young man he was fond of hunting 2 while 引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词 引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词 侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比 侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比 My father was preparing a report while I was playing games Please don t talk so loud while others are working 3 while 意为意为 虽然虽然 尽管尽管 还能引导让步状语从句还能引导让步状语从句 While it was late he went on working 虽然很晚了 但他还在继续工作 While he is in poor health he works hard 虽然他身体不好 但他还是努力工作 4 连接两个并列句子 连接两个并列句子 表示表示 对比对比 关系关系 例如 例如 He went out for a walk while I stayed at home 他出去散步了 而我却呆在家里 I like singing while she likes dancing 我喜欢唱歌 而她喜欢跳舞 You like sports while I prefer music 5 as 表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生 可译为表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生 可译为 一边一边 一边 一边 或或 随着随着 He hurried home looking behind as he went As time goes on it s getting warmer and warmer 注意 如果主句表示的是短暂动作 而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段注意 如果主句表示的是短暂动作 而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段 时间内正在进行的动作 时间内正在进行的动作 when while 与与 as 可互换 可互换 When While As I was walking down the street I came across an old friend of mine 2 till until 和和 not until 1 until till 肯定句 主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词 主句 从句都为肯定式 肯定句 主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词 主句 从句都为肯定式 意为意为 某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止 He remained there until till she arrived You may stay here until till the rain stops 2 否定句 主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词 从句为肯定式 意为 否定句 主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词 从句为肯定式 意为 某动作某动作 直到某时间才开始直到某时间才开始 构成 构成 not until till 意为 意为 直到直到 才才 She didn t go to bed until I come back Don t worry We won t set off until you arrive 2 3 till 不可以置于句首 而不可以置于句首 而 until 可以 可以 Until you told me the news I had no idea of it 4 not until 句型中的强调和倒装用法 句型中的强调和倒装用法 强调句型 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it 倒装句型 Not until you told me did I have any idea of it not until 置于句首 主句要用部分倒装结构 置于句首 主句要用部分倒装结构 Not until the clock struck 12 did she realize she must go home at once 3 before 1 before 没有来得及没有来得及 就就 未未 就就 就就 Someone called me up in the night but they hung up before I could answer the phone They had talked only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinion 2 before 作作 才才 The bus driver almost knocked me down before he saw me The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters were able to control it 3 before 可译为可译为 趁趁 以免以免 以防以防 等 等 I ll do it before I forgot it 趁还没有忘 我现在就把这事做了 We d better finish the work in time before the boss scolds us 4 before 可译为可译为 宁可 宁可 而 不愿而 不愿 He d die before he apologizes to them 他宁死也不向他们道歉 I d give up the plan before I turn to him for help 注意 注意 It be 一段时间一段时间 before 从句从句 中的主句和从句的时态有两种情况 中的主句和从句的时态有两种情况 如果主句用一般将来时 则从句用一般现在时 意为如果主句用一般将来时 则从句用一般现在时 意为 多长时间以后某事即将发生多长时间以后某事即将发生 It won t be long before we meet again 不久我们就会再见的 如果主句用过去时 从句也用过去时 意为如果主句用过去时 从句也用过去时 意为 多长时间以后某事才发生多长时间以后某事才发生 It was 3 years before he came back from abroad 三年后他才从国外回来 4 since 译为译为 自从自从 主句常用现在完成时 从句常用一般过去时 主句常用现在完成时 从句常用一般过去时 He has studied very hard since he came to our school I haven t heard any noise since I slept He has written to me frequently since I was ill 5 as soon as immediately directly instantly the moment the minute the instant no sooner than hardly scarcely when 和和 once 一 一 就 就 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生 主句的动作随即发生 常译 作 一 就 从句中用一般时态代替将来时态 The moment I heard the voice I knew father was coming No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother 3 注意 no sooner than hardly when 时态搭配 no sooner 与与 hardly 引导的句子的谓语动词应用过去完成时 引导的句子的谓语动词应用过去完成时 而而 than 与与 when 引导的句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时 引导的句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时 当把当把 no sooner 和和 hardly 提到句首时 应用倒装语序 提到句首时 应用倒装语序 I had hardly got home when it began to rain Hardly had I got home when it began to rain 6 every time each time next time the first time any time all the time 等名词短语等名词短语 用来引用来引 导时间状语从句 表示导时间状语从句 表示 每当每当 每次 每次 下次 下次 等 等 Every Each time I was in trouble he would come to help me out Next time you come do remember to bring your son here The last time she saw James he was lying in bed I think of the things and the people when we studied there every time I go by my mother school 二二 地点状语从句地点状语从句 在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句 可置于句首 句中或句尾 引导词在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句 可置于句首 句中或句尾 引导词 有有 where wherever anywhere everywhere nowhere 等 等 Make marks where you have questions You can go anywhere you like Where there is a will there is a way 注意 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别注意 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 where 引导定语从句时 从句前应有一个引导定语从句时 从句前应有一个 表示地点的词作先行词 而状语从句前则无需用先行词 表示地点的词作先行词 而状语从句前则无需用先行词 Go back where you came from Go back to the village where you came from You d better make a mark where you have any questions 状语从句 You d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions 定语从句 三三 让步状语从句让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有引导让步状语从句的连词有 although though as even if even though while whether or whether or not whatever no matter what how why 等 等 1 though although 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 1 although 和和 though 意义相同 都意为意义相同 都意为 虽然 即使虽然 即使 表示让步 可互换使用 表示让步 可互换使用 区别在于区别在于 although 语气较重 大多置于句首 语气较重 大多置于句首 2 though although 引导让步状语从句时 主句若用引导让步状语从句时 主句若用 yet 或或 still 引出 更加强调对引出 更加强调对 比性 但不可出现比性 但不可出现 but 3 though 引导的从句可以把表语 状语 动词等提至句首 引导的从句可以把表语 状语 动词等提至句首 在在 as though even though 中一般不可用中一般不可用 although 代替 代替 同时同时 although 不可当副词用 而不可当副词用 而 though 则可 则可 Although it s raining they are still working in the field Short though it is the article is very important 4 注意 注意 though 还可用作副词 意为还可用作副词 意为 可是 然而可是 然而 置于句末 置于句末 He said he would come he didn t though 他说他会来 可是没有来 他说他会来 可是没有来 2 even though even if 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 Even though he is poor she loves him He is poor yet she loves him Even if he is poor she loves him He may be poor yet she loves him 3 as 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 从句中的表语 状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从从句中的表语 状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从 句句首 作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词 冠词需要省去 句句首 作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词 冠词需要省去 Child as though he was he knew what was the right thing to do Though he was a child he knew what was the right thing to do Much as though I like it I won t buy it for it s too expensive Try as though you may you will never succeed Tired as though he was he continued to work 4 whether or whether or not 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 You ll have to attend the ceremony whether you re free or busy Whether you believe it or not it s true 5 while 引导的让步状语从句表示引导的让步状语从句表示 尽管尽管 比 比 though although 语气弱 语气弱 while 引导引导 的让步状语从句一般要位于句首 的让步状语从句一般要位于句首 While I like the color I don t like the shape 我虽然喜欢那颜色 但不喜欢那形状 While I understand what you say I can t agree with you 6 what ever 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 常可换成常可换成 no matter wh 词词 但在引导名词性 但在引导名词性 从句时只能用从句时只能用 wh ever 类词 类词 I ll wait for you however no matter how late it is Whoever No matter you are you must keep the law 注意 注意 no matter 疑问词疑问词 结构只能引导让步状语从句 而结构只能引导让步状语从句 而 wh ever 类词还可以引类词还可以引 导名词性从句或其他状语从句 导名词性从句或其他状语从句 I ll eat whatever you give me what 引导宾语从句 Whoever comes will be welcome whoever 引导主语从句 四四 原因状语从句原因状语从句 1 because 语气最强 用以回答语气最强 用以回答 why 引起的提问 它还可用于强调结构 引起的提问 它还可用于强调结构 She was afraid to move because a snake was lying beside her Why did they fail It was because they didn t do their best 2 as 语气弱 较口语化 语气弱 较口语化 as 从句多置于主句之前 从句多置于主句之前 As he was in a hurry he left his bag home As it was a public holiday all the shops were shut 3 since 的语气比较弱 常表示对方已知的事实 往往相当于汉语的的语气比较弱 常表示对方已知的事实 往往相当于汉语的 既然既然 since 从句多置于主句之前 从句多置于主句之前 5 Since Monday is Bob s birthday let s give him a party Since you are free tonight why not drop in and play chess with me 注意 上述三个词为从属连词 而 for 是一个并列连词 for 有时可用来作附加 说明 必须把其引起的句子放在某一句子之后 We should be more careful for it is already dark 2 now that 主要用于口语 表示微弱的原因 主要用于口语 表示微弱的原因 that 有时可以省略 有时可以省略 Now that you have come you may as well stay Now that everything is settled I have no reason here for the reason that 的用法的用法 that 后是一个同位语从句 解释说明后是一个同位语从句 解释说明 reason 的内容 的内容 I often go to the concert for the simple reason that I love music For the reason that I haven t worked hard I ll have to cram before the coming examinations 由于平时不努力 考试前我只好临时抱佛脚 that 后的从句后的从句 be happy that be surprised that 等中的 that 从句有时也被认为是原因状语从句 I m sorry that I haven t done so much as I should We feel proud that our country is getting stronger and stronger 五五 方式状语从句方式状语从句 as as if though 等等 as 引导方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句 You must do the experiment as I do You are fine just as you are as if though 引导方式状语从句 1 as if though 引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时 引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时 She closed her eyes as if she was tired 2 如果从句所表示的情况不是事实 通常用虚拟语气 如果从句所表示的情况不是事实 通常用虚拟语气 He acted as if nothing had happened He speaks English as if he were a foreiner It sounds as if he could solve the problem They completely ignore these facts as if though they never existed 注意 注意 as if though 也可以引导一个分词短语 不定式短语或无动词短语 也可以引导一个分词短语 不定式短语或无动词短语 He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time He cleared his throat as if to say something The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger 六六 条件状语从句常用引导词有条件状语从句常用引导词有if unless as so long as once in case on condition that supposing that providing that provided that given that 等 等 在条件状语从句中 通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时 在条件状语从句中 通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时 I will definitely study medicine after I finish school 在条件状语从句中在条件状语从句中 一般过去时表示过去将来时 一般过去时表示过去将来时 We arrived at the airport before it rained 6 现在完成时表示将来完成时 现在完成时表示将来完成时 I ll watch tv as soon as I ve finished my homework if 引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句 If you ask him he will help you If you fail in the exam you will let him down unless 引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句 意为意为 除非 若不除非 若不 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier Unless it rains the game will be played on condition that 引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句 在 条件下 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret I will do it on condition that you help me supposing proving provided given that 可以用作连词 意为可以用作连词 意为 如果如果 倘若 引导 引导 条件从句表示一种假设条件 条件从句表示一种假设条件 Supposing that it rains shall we continue the sports meeting Providing Supposing Given Provided that you promise not to tell anyone else I ll tell you the details in case 引导的条件状语从句常放在主句前 表示引导的条件状语从句常放在主句前 表示 如果 假使如果 假使 In case he comes tell him to wait a while In case anything important happens please call me up as so long as 引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句 意思是意思是 只要只要 So long as you re happy it doesn t matter what you do As So long as we don t lose heart we ll overcome any difficulty once 引导的条件状语从句 意为引导的条件状语从句 意为 一旦 一一旦 一 就就 从句可置于主句前或后 从句可置于主句前或后 Once virtue is lost all is lost 一旦道德丢失了 什么都丢失了 Once you show any fear the dog will attack you 七七 目的状语从句目的状语从句 常用来引导目的状语从句的常用来引导目的状语从句的有有 so so that in order that for fear that in case that for the purpose that lest 等 等 1 in order that so that 引导的目的状语从句需要用情态动词 如引导的目的状语从句需要用情态动词 如 may might will would shall should can could 等 等 They carved the words on the stone so that in order that the future generation should might remember what they had done In order that we might see the sunrise we started for the peak early so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后 其中引导的从句只能置于主句之后 其中 that 有时可以省略 有时可以省略 We climbed high so that we might get a better view 2 for fear that in case lest 引导的目的状语从句引导的目的状语从句 We had a meeting and talked the matter face to face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding 我们开了一个面对面的会议讨论这个问题 以免引起误会 7 in case 表示以防 万一 发生某种情况 表示以防 万一 发生某种情况 Lest 意为意为 以防以防 Take an umbrella with you in case lest it should rain 带着伞以防下雨 八八 结果状语从句结果状语从句 1 that so so that so that such that such that 等 等 We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy and dull city He spoke at the top of his voice so that the students at the back heard him 2 so that 引导的结果状语从句引导的结果状语从句 so 形容词形容词 副词副词 that 从句从句 Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cellphone home so 形容词形容词 a an 可数名词单数形式可数名词单数形式 that 从句从句 Tom is so kind a boy that they all like to make friends with him so many much few little 名词名词 that 从句从句 There is so little time left that we have to speed up 3 such that 引导的结果状语从句引导的结果状语从句 such a an 形容词形容词 可数名词单数形式可数名词单数形式 that 从句从句 He is such a good teacher that we all respect him such 形容词形容词 可数名词复数形式可数名词复数形式 不可数名词不可数名词 that 从句从句 These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer We had such terrible weather that we couldn t finish the work on time so that 与与 such that 的区别的区别 so 是副词 其修饰的中心词是形容词 副词 是副词 其修饰的中心词是形容词 副词 such 是形容词 其修饰的中心词是名词 是形容词 其修饰的中心词是名词 He spoke so fast that no one understand him They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him 为了强调形容词或副词 为了强调形容词或副词 so such that 引导的结果状语从句 可把引导的结果状语从句 可把 so such 部分部分 置于句首 主句用倒装语序 置于句首 主句用倒装语序 So excited was he that he could not fall into sleep Such good news did we get that everyone was excited 九九 比较状语从句比较状语从句常用常用 as as not as so as than 等连词引导 等连词引导 the 比较级比较级 the 比较级比较级 结构也可引导比较状语从句 结构也可引导比较状语从句 同级比较常用同级比较常用 as as 结构 结构 He speaks English as well as you do He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep 不同级比较常用不同级比较常用 not as so as 结构 结构 His handwriting is not as good as yours is He doesn t speak English as well as you do 8 差级或最高级比较常用结构差级或最高级比较常用结构 than He was more successful than we had expected He can earn no more money than you can 比较关系的状语从句常用结构为比较关系的状语从句常用结构为 the 比较级比较级 the 比较级比较级 The more careful you are the fewer mistakes you will make The sooner you are back the better it will be 注意 注意 what as 也可引导对称或对比关系的状语从句 也可引导对称或对比关系的状语从句 Food is to men what as oil is to machine 食物之于人 犹如油之于机器 Engines are to machines what as hearts are to animals 引擎对于机器而言就好比心脏对动物一样 十十 状语