中考英语专题复习---主谓一致

谓语受主语支配 须和主语在人称和数上保持一致 这叫做主谓一致 谓语受主语支配 须和主语在人称和数上保持一致 这叫做主谓一致 主谓一致一般遵循三条原则 语法一致原则 意义一致原则和就近一致原则 主谓一致一般遵循三条原则 语法一致原则 意义一致原则和就近一致原则 语法一致原则语法一致原则 1 主语是不可数名词 单数名词或代词时 谓语动词用单数 主语是复数名词或代词时 主语是不可数名词 单数名词或代词时 谓语动词用单数 主语是复数名词或代词时 谓语动词用复数 如 谓语动词用复数 如 He exercises every day 他每天做运动 他每天做运动 They exercise every day 他们每天做运动 他们每天做运动 He goes to school early every morning The children are playing outside 2 and 或或 both and 连接名词或代词作主语时 谓语动词通常用复数 如 连接名词或代词作主语时 谓语动词通常用复数 如 He and Jerry are students 他和杰瑞都是学生 他和杰瑞都是学生 Both he and I are right Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom 注意 注意 1 当当 and 连接的两个名词指同一个人或物 概念时 谓语动词用单数 如 连接的两个名词指同一个人或物 概念时 谓语动词用单数 如 The writer and singer was invited to the party 那位作家兼歌手被邀请参加派对 那位作家兼歌手被邀请参加派对 His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl The poet and writer has come 2 当当 and 连接的名词被连接的名词被 each every 或或 no 修饰时 谓语动词用单数 如 修饰时 谓语动词用单数 如 Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now 刚才每位男生和女生都得到了一个苹果 刚才每位男生和女生都得到了一个苹果 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education Each man and each woman is asked to help 3 当主语后面跟有 当主语后面跟有 with without together with along with except besides but as well as like including 等介词短语时 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致等介词短语时 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致 即即 就远原则就远原则 如 如 Susan with her family works on the farm 苏珊和她的家人在田里干活 苏珊和她的家人在田里干活 He as well as I is responsible for it 不但是我 他对这件事也有责任 不但是我 他对这件事也有责任 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum Nobody but two boys was late for class Bread and butter is a daily food in the west 4 动词不定式 动名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 动词不定式 动名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 To be a pilot is his dream 成为一名飞行员是他的梦想 成为一名飞行员是他的梦想 To work hard is necessary for a student 5 由不定代词 由不定代词 either neither each one everyone someone anyone no one somebody anybody everybody something anything nothing everything 等作主语等作主语 或修饰主语时 谓语动词通常用单数 如 或修饰主语时 谓语动词通常用单数 如 Everybody is here 所有人都到齐了 所有人都到齐了 Is everybody ready Somebody is using the phone 6 一些只有复数形式的名词 如一些只有复数形式的名词 如 people people 指指 民族民族 时除外时除外 police cattle clothes 等形等形 式上是单数但意义上是复数 作主语时 谓语动词要用复数 如 式上是单数但意义上是复数 作主语时 谓语动词要用复数 如 The police are running after a thief 警察们正在追赶一个小偷 警察们正在追赶一个小偷 A lot of people are dancing outside The police are looking for the lost boy 意义一致原则意义一致原则 1 news 以及科目名称以及科目名称 maths physics politics 等 本身不表示复数意义 作主语时谓语等 本身不表示复数意义 作主语时谓语 动词用单数 如 动词用单数 如 I think physics is an interesting subject 我认为物理是一门有趣的学科 我认为物理是一门有趣的学科 2 有两部分构成的物体的名词 如 有两部分构成的物体的名词 如 glasses shoes trousers chopsticks scissors pants 等作等作 主语时 谓语动词用复数 例如 主语时 谓语动词用复数 例如 Where are my shoes I can t find them Your trousers are dirty You d better change them 但当它们前面有但当它们前面有 pair of kind of 等量词修饰时 则根据量词的单复数来确定谓语动词的单等量词修饰时 则根据量词的单复数来确定谓语动词的单 复数形式 如 复数形式 如 Here are some new pairs of shoes My new pair of socks is on the bed This kind of shoes is new 这种款式的鞋子是新的 这种款式的鞋子是新的 My new shoes are very beautiful 我的新鞋很漂亮 我的新鞋很漂亮 3 表示时间 长度 距离 价格 金钱 重量等的短语作主语时 常表示一个整体概念 表示时间 长度 距离 价格 金钱 重量等的短语作主语时 常表示一个整体概念 谓语动词通常用单数 如 谓语动词通常用单数 如 200 miles is a long way to go 200 英里是很长的一段路 英里是很长的一段路 Twenty years is not a long time Ten dollars is too dear 4 集体名词如 集体名词如 family class group team 等作主语 表示整体时谓语动词用单数 表示集等作主语 表示整体时谓语动词用单数 表示集 体中的具体成员时用复数 如 体中的具体成员时用复数 如 The class wins the prize 这个班获得了奖项 这个班获得了奖项 The class are all carefully reading the book 全班学生都在仔细地读这本书 全班学生都在仔细地读这本书 My family is big one My family are watching TV 5 the 姓氏的复数形式 姓氏的复数形式 表示夫妇或一家人表示夫妇或一家人 作主语时 谓语动词用复数 如 作主语时 谓语动词用复数 如 The Smiths like watching TV 史密斯一家人喜欢看电视 史密斯一家人喜欢看电视 6 定冠词定冠词 形容词 或分词 形容词 或分词 作主语 往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形作主语 往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形 式 如果这种主语指的是一类人 谓语动词用复数 如果指的是一个人或抽象概念 谓语式 如果这种主语指的是一类人 谓语动词用复数 如果指的是一个人或抽象概念 谓语 动词用单数形式 例如 动词用单数形式 例如 The old think the young are happier than them 老人们认为年轻人比他们幸福 老人们认为年轻人比他们幸福 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found The dead is a famous person 7 分数 百分比及 分数 百分比及 half of part of lots of the rest of all most more some any none 等后等后 接单数名词或不可数名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数 接复数名词时 谓语动词用复数 接单数名词或不可数名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数 接复数名词时 谓语动词用复数 如 如 70 of the earth is covered with water 70 的地球表面被水覆盖 的地球表面被水覆盖 60 of the teachers in our school are women 我们学校我们学校 60 的老师是女的 的老师是女的 It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea I have read a large part of the book the rest is more difficult Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick All of the work has been finished All of the people have gone 8 a number of 复数可数名词 复数可数名词 表示表示 许多许多 作主语时 谓语动词用复数 作主语时 谓语动词用复数 the number of 复数可数名词 复数可数名词 表示表示 的数量的数量 作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 A number of birds are on the island 岛上有大量的鸟儿 岛上有大量的鸟儿 The number of the cups is 10 杯子的数量是杯子的数量是 10 个 个 9 疑问代词作主语时 其谓语动词也有两种情况 主语表示复数意义 谓语动词用复数 疑问代词作主语时 其谓语动词也有两种情况 主语表示复数意义 谓语动词用复数 主语表示单数意义 则谓语动词用单数 例如 主语表示单数意义 则谓语动词用单数 例如 Who is your brother Who are League members 10 由由 what 引导地主于从句作主语时 通常谓语动词用单数形式 但如果所指内容为复数引导地主于从句作主语时 通常谓语动词用单数形式 但如果所指内容为复数 意义时 谓语动词用复数形式 例如 意义时 谓语动词用复数形式 例如 What she said is correct What she left me are a few old books 就近一致原则就近一致原则 1 在 在 there be 句型和以句型和以 here 开头的句子中 谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致 如 开头的句子中 谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致 如 There is a river and two big trees there 那边有一条河和两棵大树 那边有一条河和两棵大树 There are two apples and one egg in it Here is Jim and his parents 这是吉姆和他的父母 这是吉姆和他的父母 Here is a letter and some books for you 2 由连词 由连词 or either or neither nor not only but also not but 等连接的并列主等连接的并列主 语 如果一个是单数 一个是复数 则谓语动词按就近一致原则 与最靠近它的主语一致 语 如果一个是单数 一个是复数 则谓语动词按就近一致原则 与最靠近它的主语一致 例如 例如 Either you or I am right Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon 今天下午要么你要么他得待在家里 今天下午要么你要么他得待在家里 实例解析 1 How time flies Ten years passed A have B has C is D are 答案 B 该题考查的是主谓一致 Ten years 通常被看作是一个时间整体 谓语动词用单数形式 2 Not only his parents but also his brother to the Summer Palace They haven t been back A have been B have gone C has been D has gone 答案 D 该题考查的是主谓一致 如果由 not only but also 连接两个并列主语 其谓语动词同相邻的 主语保持一致 谓语动词应用单数形式 又因为他们还都没有回来 所以用 has gone 而不用 has been 3 Neither my father going to see the patient A nor I am B nor I are C or me are D or me is 答案 A 该题考查的是主谓一致 Neither nor 是一组连词 可连接连个并列主语 其谓语动词应同 靠近的主语 I 保持一致 因此应选 A 4 Look There playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square A are a number of deer B are a number of deers C is a number of deer D is a number of deers 答案 A 该题考查的是主谓一致 这个句子的主语是 a number of deer 是个复数概念 因此谓语动词 应用复数形式 deer 单复数相同 中考演练中考演练 一一 选择填空选择填空 1 They said the eighteenth and last lesson quite easy A is B was C are D were 2 When are you going to Kumming for your holidays I haven t decided this Sunday next Sunday is OK A Both and B Either or C Neither nor D Not only but also 3 Helen Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China A Neither nor B Not only but also C Both and D A and B 4 of them has his own opinion A Both B Some C Every D Each 5 Are there any on the farm A horse B duck C chicken D sheep 6 My shirt white and my trousers blue A are are B are is C is is D is are 7 Two months quite a long time Yes I m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons A is B are C was D were 8 The old man has two children but of them lives with him A both B none C neither D all 9 Our knowledge of computer growing all the time A be B is C are D were 10 Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began A is B was C are D were 11 Most of the houses this year A has built B have built C has been built D have been built 12 I think maths very difficult to learn A is B are C has D have 13 A large number of students to work in Xingjiang A have gone B has gone C goes D is going 14 The number of the students in the class small A are B is C have D were 15 There a lot of good news in today s newspaper A is B are C was D were 二二 用所给动词的适当形式填空用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 be everything OK 2 Nobody know the answer to the question 3 Ten divided by two be five 4 Most of the drinking water be from the Black River 5 Not only she but also I do morning exercises every day 6 Either you or she have made a wrong decision 7 The family be spending the weekend together 8 Bread and butter be her daily breakfast 9 The police be trying to catch the thief 10 The number of people invited fifty but a number of them absent for different reasons 三三 翻译下列句子翻译下列句子 1 我们两个人都没有看这部电影 我们两个人都没有看这部电影 2 我的茶杯里没有水了 我的茶杯里没有水了 3 不是他就是我要到哪儿去 不是他就是我要到哪儿去 4 学生们和老师都不知道这件事 学生们和老师都不知道这件事 5 我们家正在一起度周末 我们家正在一起度周末 练习答案练习答案 一一 1 B 2 B 3 D 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 A 8 C 9 B 10 B11 D 12 A 13 A 14 B 15 A 二二 1 Is 2 knows 3 is 4 is 5 do 6 has 7 are 8 is 9 are 10 was were 三三 1 Neither of us has seen the film 2 There is no water in my cup 3 Either he or I is going there 4 Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter 5 Our family are spending the weekend together 一 用所给单词的适当形式填空一 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1 No one know the answer to the question 2 Most of the drinking water be from the Red River 3 Either you or he have made a wrong decision 4 The class be spending the weekend together 5 Bread and milk be a fast food 二 单句改错二 单句改错 1 There are an apple and a cat on the desk 2 Both Jim and Kelly is listening to the music 3 Tom with a cat are climbing the tree 4 This family have a big garden 5 Neither Kim nor I likes playing football 1 Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond of the TV program A Bite of China I am also deeply moved by its stories A is B am C was D Are 2 Thanks to the organization some money given to the poor children A was B were C Are 3 Either Ted or Bob good enough to be a member of the school team A is B are C become 4 the parents the son is enjoying the film A Both and B Neither or C Not only but also 5 What doe