古文翻译练习

1 古文翻译练习古文翻译练习 一 学而第一一 学而第一 子曰 学而时习之 不亦悦乎 有朋自远方来 不亦乐乎 人不知而不愠 不亦君子乎 有子曰 其为人也孝悌而好犯上者 鲜矣 不好犯上而好作乱者 未之有也 君子务本 本立而道生 孝悌也者 其为仁之本与 子曰 巧言令色 鲜矣仁 曾子曰 吾日三省乎吾身 为人谋而不忠乎 与朋友交而不信乎 传不习乎 Confucius remarked it is indeed a pleasure to acquire knowledge and as you go on acquiring to put into practice what you have acquired A greater pleasure still it is when friends of congenial minds come from afar to seek you because of your attainments But he is truly a wise and good man who feels no discomposure even when he is not noticed of men A disciple of Confucius remarked A man who is a good son and a good citizen will seldom be found to be a man disposed to quarrel with those in authority over him and men who are disposed to quarrel with those in authority will never be found to disturb the peace and order of the State A wise man devotes his attention to what is essential in the foundation of life When the foundation is laid wisdom will come Now to be a good son and a good citizen do not these forms the foundation of a moral life Confucius remarked with plausible speech and fine manners will seldom be found moral character A disciple of Confucius remarked I daily examine into my personal conduct on three points First whether in carrying out the duties entrusted to me by others I have not failed in sincerity and trustworthiness thirdly whether I have not failed to practice what I profess in my teaching 二 为政第二二 为政第二 2 子曰 为政以德 譬如北辰 居其所 而众星共之 子曰 诗三百篇 一言以蔽之 曰 思无邪 子曰 导之以政 齐之以德 民免而无耻 导之以德 齐之以礼 有耻且格 子曰 吾十有五而志于学 三十而立 四十而不惑 五十而知天命 六十而耳顺 七十而 从心所欲不逾矩 The Master said He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it The Master said In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence Having no depraved thoughts The Master said If the people be led by laws and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments they will try to avoid the punishment but have no sense of shame The Master said At fifteen I had my mind bent on learning At thirty I stood firm At forty I had no doubts At fifty I knew the decrees of Heaven At sixty my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth At seventy I could follow what my heart desired without transgressing what was right 三 梁惠王三 梁惠王 孟子见梁惠王 王曰 叟 不远千里而来 亦将有以利吾国乎 孟子对曰 王 何 必曰利 亦有仁义而已矣 王曰何以利吾国 大夫曰何以利吾家 士庶人曰何以利吾身 上下交征利而国危矣 万乘之国 弑其君者 必千乘之家 千乘之国 弑其君者 必百乘 之家 万取千焉 千取百焉 不为不多矣 苟为后义而先利 不多不餍 未有仁而遗其亲 者也 未有义而后其君者也 王亦曰仁义而已矣 何必曰利 Mencius went to see King Hui of Liang The King said My good man since you haven t thought one thousand miles is too far to come and see me may I presume that you have something with which I can profit my kingdom Mencius said Why must you speak of profit What I have for you is Humaneness and Rightness and that s all If you always say how can I profit my kingdom your top officers will ask how can we profit our clans The elites and the common people 3 will ask How can we profit ourselves Superiors and inferiors will struggle against each other for profit and the country will be in chaos In a kingdom of ten thousand chariots the murderer of the sovereign is usually from a clan of one thousand chariots In a thousand chariot kingdom the murderer of the sovereign is usually from a clan of one hundred chariots Now to have a thousand in ten thousand or one hundred in a thousand is not really all that much But if you put due giving last and profit first no one will be satisfied unless they can grab something There has never been a humane man who negle