《工商管理专业英语》翻译汇总

1 现代管理学 The modern era of management began early in the 20th century when classical theorists economists and industrial engineers offered a classical approach to increase the productivity of individuals and organizations 2 例如一种管理理论 For example a management theory that emphasizes employee satisfaction may be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover than with delays in production 3 甚至在今天 Even today a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and memoirs of men and women who are or have been practicing managers 4 尽管这些办法 Although these approaches evolved in historical sequence later ideas have always replaced early ones 5 在过去的 30 年 During the last 30 years or so there have been attempts to integrate the three approaches to management classical behavioral and management science 6 在这种情况下 In this situation a compromise is necessary for the overall syetem to achieve its objective 7 例如严格的计划 For example rigid plans clearly defined jobs antocratic leadership and tight controls have at times resulted in high productivity and satisfied workers 8 换言之 In other words the contingency approach seeks match different situations with different management methods 9 当然富有远见 Of cause having a vision is no guarantee of success 10 通常一份任务 A mission statement often focus on the market and customers that the company serves 11 这些管理人员 These managers are the strategists who develop the plans that guide the organization toward its goals 12 与其他人的沟通 All the skills required to communicate with other people work effectively with them motive them and lead them are interpersonal skills 13 为了把梦想变成 In order to transform vision to reality managers must define specific goals and objectives 14 最好的企业目标 The best organizational measurable relevant challenging attainable and time limited 15 折扣的发生 A allowance occurs when a customer is not satisfied with a purchase for some reason 16 企业在计算 These refunds and price reductions must be considered when the firm computers its net sales figure for the period 17 一系列这样的 A series of these statement is a valuable tool for directing and controlling the business 18 商人们谈及 Businesspeople commonly use accounting terms when talking about costs prices and profit 19 一份损益表 The basic components of an operating statement are sales costs and profit or loss 20 零售商们正在寻求 Retailers are searching for new marketing strategies to attract and hold customers 21 零售商们必须对 Retailers must decide on three major product variables product assortment services mix and store atmosphere 22 多数零售商不能 Too many retailers fail to define their target markets and positions clearly 23 零售商的价格 A retailer s price policy is a crucial positioning factor and must be decided in relation to its target market its product and service assortment and its competition 24 零售商使用 Retailers use the normal promotion tools advertising personal selling sales promotion and public relations to reach consumers 25 零售商必须确定 The retailers must determine both the product assortment s width and its depth 26 制定正确价格 The first step in setting the right price is to establish pricing goals 27 对于产品和服务 The basic long term pricing framework for a good or service should be a logical extension of the pricing objectives 28 因此 在销售 Thus changing a pricing strategy can require dramatic alternations in the marketing mix 29 低价格可以获取 The low price designed to capture a large share of a substantial market resulting in lower production costs 30 当生产由于技术 Managers may follow a skimming strategy when production cannot be expanded rapidly because of technological difficulties shortages or constraints imposed by the skill and time required to produce a product 31 低价格可以吸引 Low price can draw additional buyers to enter the market 32 广告的基本功能 The most basic function of advertising is to identify products and differentiate them from others 33 为了提高销售额 To increase their sales or profit companies develop marketing strategy by using various marketing elements 34 广告的另一个功能 Another function of advertising to induce consumers to try new products and to suggest reuse 35 广告涉及到通过 Advertising involves presenting the message usually through the mass media to a large group of people know as target audience 36 通过同时向许多人 By informing many people at once about available products and services advertising greatly reduces the costs and higher profits can ease the task of personal selling 37 广告的定义有许多 The definitions of advertising are many and varied 38 广告是产品和服务 Advertising is a very important tool that enables competitors to enter the market place 39 市场营销组合是由 The marketing mix includes a set of elements known as four Ps and they are under the heading of product price place and promotion 1 The three T 2 In solving F 3 In order words T 4 The systems T 5 Managers around T 6 It seeks F 7 Between the F 8 Management is T 9 To meet F 10 In order to T 11 As the T 12 A starting F 13 Technical skills F 14 And using F 15 An operating F 16 Usually however T 17 An allowance F 18 All this T 19 Today national T 20 They see F 21 Most retailers T 22 For all T 23 Large retailers F 24 Small retailers T 25 A good T 26 A profit F 27 Theoretically T 28 A successful F 29 As a product T 30 A company s T 31 Advertising is T 32 Advertising can F 33 The first T 34 The freedom T 35 Advertising itself T 36 All advertising F 37 All forms of T 38 advertising has F 1 古典方法 Classical approach to Management 2 管理学行为方法 Behavioral approach to Management 3 管理学科学方法 Management science approach 4 管理学 权变情境方法 Contingency or situational approach to Management 1 远见 洞察力 Vision 2 任务表述 Mission statement 3 长期目标 Goal 1 短期目标 Objective 2 管理结构 Management pyramid 3 高层管理者 Top managers 1 战略目标 Strategic goals 2 中层管理着 Middle managers 3 战术目标 Tactical objectives 1 一线管理者 First line managers 2 损益表 Operating Statement 1 销售总额 Gross sales 2 价格折扣 Allowance 3 净利润 Net profit 1 目标市场 Target market 2 市场定位 Market positioning 1 中间商品牌 Private brand or middleman brand 2 价格策略 Price strategy 1 撇指定价 Price skimming 2 渗透定价 Penetration pricing 1 基础价格 Base price 2 促销活动 Promotion campaign 3 目标受众 Target audience 1 促销组合 Promotional mix 2 品牌忠诚 Brand loyalty 1 The managers described their generalize 管理者描述他们自己的管理经验 还尝试 去概括他们认为可以被运用到相似情形中的那些准则 1 2 Even today a great deal of memoirs 甚至在今天 我们所了解的管理学业都出 自于那些管理人员的自传和论文集 2 3 According to the text classical behavioral management science 根据本文 管理 思想形成的三个重要方法是 古典方法 它着重工作和组织的管理 行为方法 它着重于 对于人员的管理 管理学科学方法 它着重于生产和经营的管理工作 3 4 During the last 30 years or integrate 在过去的 30 年中 人们试图把古典的 行 为的和科学的管理方法融为一体 4 5 The contingency approach contingent 权变方法强调 管理活动的正确性取决于 它怎样适应它所被用于的特殊环境 5 6 In solving problems dynamic 为了解决问题 管理者运用那些系统方法时 必须把组织看成一个不断变化的整体 而且还必须预料到他们所做决定而产生的有意和无 意的影响 6 7 The age old confrontation between conflicts 那由来已久的低生产成本的目标和 一个较宽产品线的市场目标之间的矛盾是管理学问题内在联系性的一个很好的例子 两个 目标之间相互冲突 7 8 The objectives of individual parts must be compromised 组织内各个部门的目标必 须和组织整体目标相一致 9 The systems approach forces managers interdependent 系统的方法迫使管理者认识到 组织是由相互依存的部门构成的整体系统 一个部门的变化会影响到其他部门 10 The contingency approach has grown in popularity 权变理论在过去的二十年中变得 非常流行 因为有研究发现 给定一个有确定特点的工作和一个有确定特点的做这项工作 的人 那些具体的管理实践要比其他方法更好的发挥作用 11 Managers around the globe use more of reliance 全球的管理者不仅仅只用权变理论 为他们服务 单单只依靠古典的或科学的管理方法对组织来说是不够的 12 Both the systems approach and the insights 系统管理方法和权变理论都可以提供 有价值的洞察力 而且还能够补足古典的 行为的和科学的管理方法的不足 13 In today s innovative and competitive strive 在今天不断革新的 充满竞争的商业 环境中 那些努力预见并阐述未来的公司 常常会比那些只对现状做出反应的公司更有优 势 14 Communication or exchanging information pervasive 交流或者是交换信息 是管 理者运用的最重要的和最具渗透性的 人与人之间的管理技巧 15 Management entails planning 管理伴随着计划 组织 协调 领导和控制资源 土地 劳动力 资本 信息 以期有效达到那些目标 16 First line managers need particularly strong automotive 一线管理者需要特别强的技术 技能 因为他们直接用特殊专业的工具和技术进行工作 例如 自动化生产设备或电脑程 序 因为他们管理其他的技术工人 17 To accomplish this middle managers tactical 为了达到这个 中层管理者制定战术 目标 它侧重于部门间的问题 也阐释了要达到组织目标的必要结果 18 Henry Ford envisioned making affordable 亨利 福特想象制造对每个人来说都负担得 起的交通工具 19 Encouraging employee to work together fostering 鼓励员工向着共同目标协同工作 与员工和其他管理者之间的相互作用 同合作者及供应商洽谈 发展员工的信任和忠诚 促进创造革新 所有这些活动都需要人际技能 20 They also build a network peers 他们同样也建立一个同老板 同事和员工之间的 关系网络 21 The challenges of management conform 管理的挑战包括 维持组织结构 制定长期 和短期计划 鼓励员工 和控制质量 一项怎样使产品和服务更加贴近预期标准和顾客 期望的措施 22 As a result they generally analogues 结果 它们通常不能够按照任何已制定的步骤 和规则而被制定 即使是类似情况 相似的经历 或相同感觉提供的一些指导 23 The company gives a price reduction invoice 公司给予一个价格的优惠在最初的发货 清单上 但是消费者仍然享有商品和服务 24 Therefore all reductions refunds 因此 所有的优惠 退款 交易的取消 还有诸 如退货和价格折让等所有款项都从最初的总销售额中减去 得到净销售额 25 Opening and closing inventory 打开和关闭库存数据是可用的 它期间花费的金 额为购买转售的货品 26 Now let s define the meaning skeleton 现在我们来定义损益表构架中各个条目的意义 27 Gross margin gross profit is the 销售总利润是包含销售费用和经营费用的钱 28 They emphasize clarity and readability 他们强调清晰性和可读性而不是细节 29 Many companies use financial 很多公司使用比这个表更少细节条目的资金流量表 30 However there is always some customer dissatisfaction 但是 总有一些顾客不满意或 只是抱怨那些在货物整理和运送中的错误 31 Really we re only revenue 真的 我们只对公司没法保持的税收感兴趣 32 An allowance occurs when 折扣的发生时是因为消费者处于某些原因而对所购商品不 满 33 On some occasions storewide 有些情况下 他们经营整家商店的销售 34 Or the retailer can offer overstock 或者零售商 可以提供令人惊喜的商品 就像它提 供的限时抢购 过多存货和大拍卖一样多种多样的惊喜 35 Should the store focus on upscale 商店应该侧重于高层消费者 中等消费者还是底层 消费者 36 Most retailers seek either markups 许多零售商想要高价格低消费或低价格高消费量 37 Every store has a feel cluttered 每个商店都有一种感觉 有点杂乱 有的迷人 有 的豪华 有点暗淡 38 On others they plan markdown 另一方面 他们对滞销品采用削价策略 39 For all there reasons rethinking 由于这些原因 今天许多零售商都在重新考虑他们 的市场策略 40 In any city a shopper assortment 在任何一个城市 一个消费者可以找到许多商品 但是差别不大 41 A bank should be quiet flashy 银行就应该是安静的 结实的 平静的 而夜店就应 该是俗艳的 大声的 摇动的 42 The store s atmosphere arsenal 商店的氛围是关于它的产品供应的另一个因素 43 A profit maximization objective may 一个利润最大化的目标 可能需要一个比公司可 以提供的或想提供的更大的初始投资 44 Theoretically total revenue is elasticity 理论上 总收入是一个关于价格和需求量的 函数 需求量对取决于价格弹性 45 Thus changing a price strategy alternations 因此 在销售组合中改变定价策略往往 需要有戏剧性的变化 46 The pill allows patients to deterioration 这药物可以使病人避免年复一年身体恶化 的痛苦并能有正常的生活 47 Firms can also ef