托福听力演讲类文章要素分析之结尾.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福听力演讲类文章要素分析之结尾 摘要： 今天，小编主要是为大家讲述一下演讲类文章的解题点，今天的内容大家掌握了，能保得你听力34题中至少能拿到4-5题，Now, listen to me carefully，今天小编要讲的是举例子，通过举例子来让大家详细的了解下这部分的内容。 名师解读演讲类文章关键要素 I 继续分论点 如果是一篇总分结构明显的Lecture，结尾的地方还在继续讲文章的主要分论点，那么这种地方肯定是会出题的。比如下面的一篇文段，主要是讲章鱼的防御系统，共分三点：变色、变质地、变形。前面大篇幅地讲了前两个论点，变色和变质地，邻近结尾开始讲起第三点。如下音频 Now theres a third way that octopus can transform themselves to blend in with or mimic their environment, and thats by changing their shape and size, well, at least their apparent size. The muscular system of the octopus enables it to be very flexible to assume all sorts of shapes and postures. So it can contract into the shape of a little round stone, and sit perfectly still on the seafloor. Or it can nestle up in the middle of a plant and take the shape of one of the leaves. 这一段的题就出在了变形的两个例子上。 II 开启新论点 这一类的文段基本在上文都是在集中讲一个事物的几个方面，但是在马上结尾的地方又提出了一个新的方面、新的论点。引出新论点的方式可能是professor自己谈及，也可能是学生提问，无论如何，这种地方要格外小心。比如下面的文段，前文都在讲土壤多样性的原因，然后结尾的地方话锋一转： I have a handout, an article on pedodiversity in a section of forests near here. I want you to read it, because it makes a point that Ive only touched on. From what I have been saying about the causes of pedodiversity, you might assume that the relationship between forest dynamics, what happens to the trees, and pedodiversity is a one-way street. As the article explains, forest dynamics affects pedodiversity. But pedodiversity also affects forest dynamics. Its worth bearing in mind. 结尾提到了要发handout的事情，由此引出了新论点：土壤多样性和森林多样性是彼此影响的。考题就出在为什么老师要发handout这里。 III 阐述反论点 比如文章一直在讲述一个东西的好处，结果在结尾的地方突然在说这个东西的不好，这种结尾遍地都是red flag啊!还不赶紧好好听!比如这篇，整篇都在讲建筑师在建造音乐厅的时候如何运用各种技巧来控制回响，结尾的地方突然这么说了： That being said, theres something that cant be controlled by the architect. The audience has an effect on acoustics too. The heads of people are good diffusers of sound. And Architects try to account for this effect in their design, but they cant guarantee a full auditorium. 结尾与前文相反地提出了设计师不能控制的因素，与前文完全相反，所以这个地方瞎子也能听出来会出题的呀!(貌似瞎子本来就能听得见囧) IV 延伸新例子 一篇文段中Professor都在讲一类事物，结果讲到结尾处还意犹未尽，又给大家举了个新例子，那么这种地方也是很危险的。比如这段，Professor一直结合美国大峡谷在讲Uranium-Lead Dating 这种地质测龄技术，然后结尾的地方说了这么一遭儿： There are a few pretty exciting possibilities for Uranium-Lead Dating. Here is one that comes to mind. You know the theory that earths continents were once joined together and only split apart relatively recently? Well, with Uranium-Lead Dating, we could prove that more conclusively. If they show evidence of once having been joined, that could really tell us a lot about the early history of the planets geology. 那么显然就又阐述了这种技术可有用武之地的例子，所以题就这么愉快地出来了。 V 表达新态度 对于前文讲的问题，教授很可能在末尾处表达一下自己的态度，如果遇到这种情况，也要小心，搞明白教授的态度到底是肯定否定还是中立。比如下文，教授整篇都在讲一个考古遗址的先进等信息，结尾讲到了对它的修缮，然后说了这样的结尾： So now the question is, do we partially restore and rebuild the site before the entire thing disintegrates? It will take a lot of funding to restore it and I am not sure itll be made available, which would be a pity. Even a partly altered site can provide valuable information, which would be lost otherwise. 结尾中显然教授在表达自己对于修缮遗址的态度，这个地方就出了一个态度题。 当然，如果结尾只是对于文章内容的一个简单总结，并没有什么卧虎藏龙之处，那么同志尽可安心地去走神发呆玩笔了，这样的地方是不会出题的。比如下文，文章都在讲一种叫Well-made play的一种戏剧形式的重要性和结构，然后Professor在结尾如是说： So, as I said, the well-made play, this form of playwriting, became the basis for realism in drama, and for a lot of very popular 19th-century plays. And also, a pattern we find in the plots of many later plays and even movies that we see today. 我们都已经知道了这种剧很有影响力，所以结尾说的内容完全没有营养，就是在对前文进行单纯的总结，没有任何抓人鼓膜的新的内容，所以，这种话还用记吗?玩去吧。 综上我们看到，文段结尾只要有新的内容就基本100%会出题!这个规律就和 小新每集头上肯定打出包、青铜五小强倒下肯定再爬起、红军战士死前肯定交党费 一样地肯定。所以当你还在前面一个劲的策马，到结尾奔腾不起来，一定挺住挺住挺住。时不时瞄一眼进度条，当进入到文段的后1/4处，文章又出现了我们上述的新内容点，就赶紧超级赛亚人mode燥起来吧! P.S. 学以致用一下。如果老夫写的这篇文章是 托福 听力，那么结尾这一块出题会在哪呢?显然是在分割线的下面一段嘛，对不对?上面都在说结尾能出题的地方，这一段突然说结尾不会出题的内容，这就是在“阐述反论点