2010年高考英语高频考点

2010 年高考英语高频考点年高考英语高频考点 一 习惯表达 all half his income one such person life today the year of the ox every half hour every few days on second thoughts at first sight far from satisfactory heart disease an increase a means of communication transportation much to one s surprise 非 常令人惊奇的是 be well worth 很值得 much the same 几乎一样 freezing cold 刺骨寒 well known sound sleep 酣睡 be sound asleep heavy rain 等等 二 词语的深层用法 注意 when 作并列连词表 就在这时 之意的句型 was were going about to do sth when 从句 一般过去时 准备 正准备做某事 这时 was were on the point of doing sth when 从句 一般过去时 正准备做某事 这 时 had just done sth when 从句 一般过去时 刚刚做完某事 正在这时 was were doing sth when 从句 一般过去时 正在做某事 这时 was were 表状态的介词短语 when 从句 一般过去时 正在做某事 这时 I was wandering in the street when suddenly a dog bit me I was going to go out when a man came to visit me I was about to go out when a man came to visit me I was on the point of going out when a man came to visit me I had just got up when a man came to visit me Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed 注意 while 作 虽然 尽管 之意引导让步状语从句 作并列连词是 而 然而 之意 While 虽然 尽管 the Internet is of great help I don t think it s a good idea to spend too much time on it 2008 注意 while 作 虽然 尽管 之意时引导的让步状语从句必须放在句首 Some people waste food while 而 然而 others haven t enough 注意 while 做 而 然而 之意时为并列连词 不放句首 表示一种鲜明的对比 主语往往不是同一人 while 的第一意义是 在 期间 引导时间状语从句通 常放句尾不用标点与主句隔开 也可放句首但此时必须用标点与主句隔开 III 注意 before 有时翻译成 才 不到 就 趁 就 还没来得及 就 如 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land We hadn t run a mile before he felt tired Please write it down before you forget it Before I could explain she had got very angry 还没来得及 就 常和情态动词 连用 IV 注意以下词语的第二第三或更多词义 while 当 时候 在 期间 然而 而 虽然 尽管 when 当 时候 就在这时 既然 倘若 eg How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen in class park n 公园 v 停放 车辆 v 寄存 存放 v 让某人在某处坐 站 Eg There are often sofas in a clothing store for women to park their husbands children or boyfriends walk n 散步 v 步行 v 护送某人 陪某人走 Eg Are you going to walk me home rush 冲 跑 急忙送 去 When the injured were rushed to the hospital they came to life touch 触摸 触动 move 搬迁 移动 感动 contribute to 为 作贡献 导致 eg Smoking contributes to heart disease and high pressure cover 盖 覆盖 占据 面积 走 路程 报道 The journalist covered a long distance to the accident site to make the event covered present 一词具有多种词性和意义 请区分不同用法 I m just going out to get some presents for my sisters n 礼物 How many people were present at the meeting adj 在场的 They presented flowers to their teacher v 赠送 He presented his views and then sat down v 提出 Those present at the meeting 出席会议的 were worried about the present financial situation 目前的金融形势 present adj 目前的 现在的 raise 举起 提高 募集 捐款 interest 兴趣 利益 利息 The director claimed at the meeting The loan from our workers was made at 6 percent interest after all we will at all times put the interests of you all first concrete 具体的 混凝土 三 与自己的主观认为相悖的表达形式 I 通常 分词用现在分词还是用过去分词要由句子主语与分词的主被动关系而 定 但属于 be 过去分词 介词 的短语动词作非谓语时只需去掉 be 而不需 考虑与句子主语的主被动关系 这些短语动词常见的是 be dressed in 穿着 be seated behind in on 坐在 be hidden behind in 躲藏在 be lost in thought 处于 沉思中 be drunk 喝醉 be faced with 面对 be located situated in on between 位于 be determined to 下定决心 be concerned about 担心 be based on 建立在 基 础上 be interested in 对 感兴趣 be pleased with 对 满意 be tired of 对 厌倦 be devoted to 潜心于 be addicted to 沉溺于 Dressed in a white uniform he looks more like a cook than a doctor 2005 The sign reads as follows 这牌子告示如下 The plan worked out successfully This group consists of 10 men II 通常 动词前的名词或代词是动作的承受者时 相应的动词要用被动形式 但下列情况用主动形式表达被动意思 1 系动词 feel look smell taste prove The fish smells good 鱼闻起来香 How sweet the music sounds 这音乐听起来 多优美啊 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth 良药苦口 2 某些动词说明主语的某种特性时 如 cut read sell wear write wash clean 等词带状语修饰语 easily well smoothly 等副词或 open lock stand 与 won t 过去式 wouldn t 连用时 This kind of cloth washes easily 这种布易洗 My pen writes smoothly 我的钢笔写 起来很流畅 The book sells well 这本书销路很好 The door won t open 这扇门就是打不 开 The door won t lock 门锁不上 These novels won t sell well 这些小说不畅销 The table won t stand up 这桌子放不稳 The engine won t start 车子发不动 The door wouldn t open no matter how hard Grandma pushed 3 表示 发生 进行 的不及物动词和短语 如 happen break out take place come about come true occur run out give out 耗尽 last turn out 等动词 My money ran out 4 be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义 5 want require need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义 6 以下不定式中用主动形式表达被动意义 在 be 形容词 to do 中 不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语 用主动代被动 简单说 就是系表结构后的不定式 He is easy to get along with The sentence is difficult to understand The question is easy to answer This kind of water isn t fit to drink The girl isn t easy to get along with The problem is difficult to work out This book is too expensive to buy 句子中有不定式动作的发出者时 I have a lot of homework to do He gave me a book to read I found it very difficult to learn English well A lot of people find modern art very hard to understand there be 句型中的不定式 There is not enough food to eat There is no chair to sit on 和疑问词连用的不定式 My question is what to do with it I ve worked with children before so I know what to expect in my new job 固定用法 be to blame 将受谴责 be to let 将出租 为主动形式表被动 He is to blame for the broken window This house is to let III 绝大多数情况下 to 是不定式符号 后接动词原形 但下列短语中的 to 为 介词 后接动词时要用 ing 形式 pay attention to 注意 look forward to 盼望 be devoted to devote oneself to 潜心 于 be addicted to 沉溺于 contribute to make contributions to 为 作贡献 be get become used accustomed to 习惯于 get down to 着手 做 turn to 转向 做 lead to 导致 come to 谈及 object to 反对 stick to 坚持 adapt to 调整以 适应 adjust to 调节以适应 react to 对 作出反应 respond to 回应 reply to 答 复 see to 确保 submit to 屈服于 refer to 提及 add to 增加 key to 的关键 四 深层语法 注意下面这些容易淡忘的硬性法则 有些甚至是打破常规的特殊规定 做题时 千万千万别忘了 1 冠词 表示众多同类事物中的一个时名词即使带了修饰语也用不定冠词 Eg While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope Newton made a discovery which completely changed man s understanding of color 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词带上修饰语后改用不定冠词 Eg When the spaceship traveled above a new looking earth appeared before us an earth that we had never seen before 元音因素 注意 不是字母 开头的单词前用 an 反之 辅音因素开头的 单词前用 a Eg a university a useful book a u an e f h i l m n o r s x an interesting story an orange an hour an honest boy an 800 metre bridge 序数词前用不定冠词表示 又一 再一 之意 Eg My teacher asked me to copy the article a second time 形容词最高级前用不定冠词表示 极其 之意 2 代词 形容词和副词 enough 修饰形容词或副词时要后置 形容词修饰不定代词时要后置 Although she did not know Boston well she made her way easily enough to the Home Circle Building 2006 能够修饰比较级的程度副词 一点点 稍微 a little a bit slightly any 得多 many much a lot a great deal far by far greatly 甚至更 even all the still yet 形容词可以作状语 United we can make it He fell to the ground dead Happy and excited the boys were shouting and singing Tom returned home tired but sound I stood there still full of fear 注意几组特殊副词的意义及用法差别 a 原意和抽象比喻意义上的差别 即前者用于可测量的较具体的事物 后者用于一 种难以测量的抽象的比喻义 deeps 深地 deeply 深深地 wide 宽大地 widely 广泛 地 near 近地 nearly 很接近地 几乎 close 近地 closely 密切地 most 极其 mostly 主要地 The player can jump really high so we all speak highly of him Most of them who were mostly friends of the manager were saved in the fire Only when December draws near do I realize that it s nearly Christmas b 有无 ly 意义大不同 dead 完全地 绝对地 deadly 极其地 pretty 相当 prettily 漂亮 地 late 迟地 lately 最近 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 He works hard in school while his brother hardly ever reads a book 3 情态动词和系动词 I 情态动词有以下特别用法 can 可表示 有时候会 Eg The monkeys look sweet but they can be very naughty The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it can be very slow must 可表示 硬要 偏偏 Eg How old are you madam If you must know I m twice my son s age shall 可用于一 三人称疑问句表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示 Eg Shall he come to see you I d rather he didn t Shall 也可用于二 三人称陈述句中表示命令 警告 允诺 威胁或法规 Eg What does the sign over here read No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette cigar or pipe in this area should 可表示 按理说应该 Eg When can I call for my TV set It should be ready this afternoon should 也可表示说话人对某事感到意外 惊异 不能理解等 译作 竟然 居 然 Eg You can t imagine that a well behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady will 可表示现在经常或习惯性的行为 译作 常常 过去的习惯性行为用 would Eg He will go to the park every day after supper will 还可表示即时决定 Eg John was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital Oh really I didn t know I will visit her Did you tell him the good news Oh no I forgot I will call him now must have done 只用于肯定句 can have done 不用于肯定句 may might have done 不用于疑问句 II 系动词有以下硬性规定 go 多与负面意思的形容词连用 还特别用于可立即逆转的颜色变化 如交 通灯 turn 用于表示达到某一年龄或超过某一时间 还可表 成为 此时后面直 接接名词 即名词前不能加任何冠词 make 后接名词表示具有成为某种人的潜质 如 He can make a good teacher 感观动词既可作系动词也可作实义动词 应注意从语义上来区别和正确使 用 When you are ill you can t taste properly Even your favorite food tastes bad They looked sadly at the master because the maser himself looked sad We don t care if a hunting dog smells badly but we really don t want him to smell bad 4 非谓语动词 下列动词接动词不定式作宾语补足语是必须省略 to 但在被动句中不可省 即 V sb do sth look at see watch notice observe have let make listen to hear feel 简记 五 看 三 使 两 听 一 感觉 to 在句中像妖怪 主动句里它走 开 被动句里它回来 绝大多数动词后接不定式作宾语 但有些动词只能接 V ing 作宾语 即 V V ing 常见的这些动词是 consider suggest advise look forward to excuse pardon admit delay put off fancy avoid miss keep practise deny finish enjoy appreciate imagine mind allow permit escape resist forbid risk 词义口诀 考虑建议盼原谅 承认推迟没得想 避免错过保持练 否认完成和欣赏 想像 介意准逃亡 抵制禁止要冒险 too to 结构中如果 too 后接的是表情绪感受的形容词则此结构是肯定意义 too 前还常加上 only all but just simply 等副词 意思不变 因为这些词加上 too 后与 very 同义 下列动词不能接不定式的复合结构 sb to do sth hope suggest demand welcome arrange agree On Upon V ing 或 on one s n 可表示 一 就 接名词时要加 上 one s On arriving his arrival in Shanghai he called his friends Upon his death the man left all his money to his child being done 一般为分词 表示 正被 即既表被动又表进行 但在介词 和只能接 V ing 的动词后它是动名词 表示 被 只表被动不表进行 having done 和 having been done 一般不作定语 放在句首的目的状语只能用不定式 并且要用逗号与后面隔开 但作目的 状语的不定式放句尾时不用逗号隔开 there be 句型的非谓语形式 作主语时可用 there being 也可用 there to be 但用 for 引出时则用 there to be It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young 作宾语时通常用 there to be 但在介词和要求接 V ing 作宾语的动词后用 there being Chinese hate there to be long queues everywhere Nobody told me about there being a meeting yesterday I have no objection to there being a meeting here 作状语时多用 there being 但 too to 句型中则用 there to be There being no bus we have to go home on foot There having been no rain for a long time the ground was very dry It s too early for there to be anybody on the road 作定语 This is the fastest train there is to Nanking 这是现有的去南京的最快的火车 I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people 5 名词性从句 名词性从句必须用陈述句语序 宾语从句中主句为一般过去时时 从句必须用过去的某种时态 客观真理除 外 6 定语从句 关系代词 that 和 which 在很多情况下可以互换 但下列情况只用 that a 先行词是 all everything nothing anything something much little none 等不定 代词时 All that can be done has been done Do you have anything that you don t understand There is little that can be believed about it The book doesn t say much that amuses children b 先行词被 any some no much few little every all very only last 修饰时 I ve read all the books that you lent me No sample that we nave received is satisfactory Please send us any information that you have about the subject He is the only person that was present at the time c 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰或是形容词最高级或序数词时 Hamburg is the most beautiful city that I ve ever seen This is the best TV that is made in China The first museum that he visited in China was the History Museum This is the first second last book that he has read d 先行词中既有人又有事物时 The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students A victim is a person animal or thing that suffers pain death harm etc e 关系代词在从句中作表语 或先行词指物且在主句中作表语时 My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be He is no longer the man that he used to be He didn t become the kind of person that his father wanted him to be It is a song that is very popular It is a book that will help you a lot f 由 which 和 who 开头的问句中 避免重复 Which is the subject that you are going to learn next term Who is the man that came to see you just now Who that you have ever seen can do it better Who that you are talking to is the young fellow 记忆口诀 the very the only the same no any 两项并列人与物 不定 序数 最高级 不定 指不定代词 但指人的 one ones anyone those he 除外 关系代词不用 that 而用 which who whom 的情况 a 在非限制性定语从句中 指事物用 which 指人用 who 或 whom He made the same mistakes again which made his parents very angry Yesterday I bought a dictionary which cost me more than 100 yuan Mr Smith who gave a talk several months ago will come again My uncle has come back from abroad whom I haven t met for along time His dog which was very old now became ill and died b 紧跟在介词后面 指事物用 which 指人用 whom Her bag in which she put all her money has been stolen This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars Xiao Wang with whom I went to the concert enjoy it very much Which is the car the owner of which you know 关系代词指人时只能用 who 而不用 that 的情况 先行词是 one ones anyone those he 时 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth The ones who are often late should be punished Don t tell anyone about the news who oughtn t to know it Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized Anyone who breaks the law is punished Those who break the law are punished Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man He who laughs last laughs best He who breaks the law is punished 关系代词只能用 as 的情况 a 固定句型 当先行词有 same 或 such so 修饰时关系代词常用 as 不用 that as 充当宾语或表语 即 the same as such as so as I shall do it in the same way as you did I want to buy such a book as you have He is so good a teacher as we all like He is not the same man as he was 比较 He is not the man that he used to be b 代替整个句子 意为 正如 时 c 代替整个句子放在句首时 当前后构成因果关系时 关系代词代替整个句子只能用 which He failed in the exam which made his mother very angry His dog died which made him very sad 7 状语从句 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时 Eg We will go to the park if it doesn t rain tomorrow Don t You can t get off the bus until it stops 时间状语从句 条件状语从句和方式状语从句中 如果从句的主语与主句 的主语相同或主句的主语是 it 且从句谓语中含有 be 动词 可以将主语和 be 动词省略 While he was still a student she played roles in many plays 但 when he was a student 不这么省 此时就用 while still 替代 Please change the verb form if when necessary Don t speak until asked to Generally speaking when taken to the directions this medicine has no side effect When completed the museum will be open to the public next year The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it If not treated the deadly disease could spread very fast and cause plenty of deaths This is an illness that can result in total blindness if left untreated Once a teacher he now works in a government office Work hard when young or you ll regret He looked everywhere as if in search of something While walking along the street I heard my name called The exhibition is more interesting than it was expected He opened his lips as if he were to speak 由 as although though 引导的让步状语从句结构 although while 不倒装 although 多用于句首 while 必须放在句首 though 可倒 装可不倒装 as that 必须倒装 a 表语的倒装 表语为名词时名词前不可加冠词 While Though Although he is a child he knows a lot Child as he is he knows a lot Tired as though that he was he still went on with his work b 状语的倒装 这时不可在状语之前加 very 修饰语 While Though Although Bruce walked very fast he still couldn t catch up with me Fast as though that Bruce walked he still couldn t catch up with me While Though Although I admire him as a writer very much I do not like him as a man Much as though that I admire him as a writer I do not like him as a man Carefully as though that he did the work he made a mistake c 谓语动词的倒装 Try as though that he might he didn t pass the exam Hate him as though that we may we must admit his greatness 下列词也可以直接引导状语从句 the moment the minute the instant the second the time immediately instantly directly 以上均为 一 就 the week year all the time any every each time the first last time by the time Eg My sister came directly she got my message Every time I catch a cold I have a pain in my back The first time I climbed onto the wall I felt nervous since 句型中如果从句谓语是延续性的 则它所表示的时间从该动作或状态结 束时算起 It is 3 years since I smoked gave up smoking 自从我戒烟以来 我戒烟 3 年了 It is 5 years since he was a soldier 他退伍 5 年了 I have never seen him since he was ill 他病愈以来我还没见过他 It has been 5 years since he lived here 到现在为止他有 5 年没住这里了 8 主谓一致 由 no and no each and each every and every many a and many a 等构成的复合主语谓语动词用单数 Every boy and every girl has the right to get education 主语后面带有 as well as with together with along with including in addition to besides except but rather than 等词连接的名词 谓语动词的数由这些词前的主 语决定 The professor together with a number of students was doing experiments in chemistry in the lab at that time more than one 和 many a 后接名词单数 谓语动词用单数 More than one language is taught in this school kind s pair s quantity ies amount s of 名词 结构后谓语动词的数由 kind s pair s quantity ies amount s 本身的单复数决定 Large amounts of money are used on the Hope Project Large quantities of information have been offered since the organization was built This kind of books sells well 名词 of this kind 作主语时谓语动词由名词的单复数决定 Books of this kind sell well 9 虚拟语气 suggest 表明 暗示 用陈述语气 建议 用虚拟语气 insist 坚持认为 用陈述 语气 坚决要求 用虚拟语气 做题时用 坚决要求 之意代进去讲得通就用虚 拟语气 否则用陈述语气 Mary suggested we visit the museum once more which suggested she loved the Chinese culture very much Jane s pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination He insisted that he was really very tired and that he be allowed to have a rest All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he was badly wounded and that he be operated on at once He insisted that he had done nothing wrong and be free He insisted that he was ill and be sent to hospital at once 在名词性从句中 表示要求 命令 建议 请求的词后的名词性从句要用虚 拟语气 形式为 should V 原形 should 可以省略 常见的这类词是 insist order command advise 动词 advice 名词 suggest 动词 suggestion 名词 propose 动词 proposal 名词 demand desire require request 记忆口诀 一个 坚决 要求 两个 命令 三个 建议 四个 请求 还有 urge 主张 recommend 推荐 不常用 The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day They requested that we should send them to work there My demand is that she should come to see me once a week The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time She accepted their proposal that she should be operated on It is about high time t