四级考试杂志2009年10月——大学英语四级考试议论文的.doc

四级考试杂志2009年10月大学英语四级考试议论文的写作方法.txt昨天是作废的支票；明天是尚未兑现的期票；只有今天才是现金，才能随时兑现一切。人总爱欺骗自己，因为那比欺骗别人更容易。 本文由仙人冇刺贡献 doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择TXT，或下载源文件到本机查看。 大学英语四级考试议论文的写作方法 四级考试杂志 2009 年 10 月大学英语四级考试议论文的写作方法 期数： 版数： 点击数： 4529 更新时间： 2009-10-21 16:18:25 大学英语四级考试作文按照文体划分，大致可以分为记叙文，说明文，议论文和应用文。通过观察历 年四级考试不同文体作文出现的频率和趋势，我们发现四级考试的作文题材大多是议论文，其它题材的作 文出现次数较少，但需要注意的是，有时一篇作文中可能考察多种写作体裁，例如记叙文中的夹叙夹议， 议论文中包含有说明或记叙等。因此我们在平时应加强各种题材写作的训练。下面我们给大家就议论文的 写作进行讲解。 一文体概述 议论文 argumentatition 是一种以摆事实，讲道理，发表议论为主的文体，它依据一定的客观事实和 逻辑推理，证明或者是反驳一定的见解和主张。议论文一般由论点，论据，论证三个基本要素组成。论点 是指对材料进行分析研究之后所得出来的判断；论据就是用来证明作者论点的材料和根据；而论证则是指 运用论据来证明论点的过程。论证方法总的来说包括两种：立论和驳论。所谓立论就是从正面来阐明自己 的观点，并用充分的证据来证明其正确性；而驳论则是通过否定别人的错误或意见从而确立自己认为正确 的论点。 四级考试作文一般来说我们都写成三段论，在结构上分成开头段，主体段和结论段，也就是我们常说 的总分总结构。开头段引出全文或概述文章的主题；主体段论述，分析或描写；末段总结全文的中心思想 或者再次点题。 下面我们来分析一篇议论文的实例，从中来看议论文这一文体的特征。 Farmers Need Economic Reform Many Chinese farmers dont have chance to receive good education, which leads to maladjustment to the changes in society. Why? Because parents in rural areas that have many children cannot afford to their education. Many of these children have to drop out of school and go to eastern and southern areas in China, such as Guangdong and Shenzhen to make a living. Due to lack of special knowledge and skills, they live in hardship. One of my old classmates left school at 15 and now works for an electronic company. She told me how she wishes for school life. However she has to face reality. I can understand her feelings, which causes me to ponder: Why do some people live in luxury, squandering money, while others suffer? I think that gap between the rich and the poor should be stopped from expanding. Agriculture is the base of our country. Only when farmers master enough knowledge and technique, will the agricultural industry be mechanized and develop faster. The government has taken some measures to improve the standard of living of farmers. However, more should be done. Chinas economic reform should be made more effective and thorough in poor areas. 这篇作文一开始就亮明了观点：许多中国农民因为没有受到良好的教育而导致无法适应社会变化。然 后以 why 和 because 为标记使用了问答法，进一步揭示了许多孩子读不起书，不得不纷纷辍学，到南方打 工，由于缺乏知识和技能，他们的生活十分艰苦。 第二段作者以他的一个同学为例，说明她在 15 岁辍学，正在一家电子公司打工。由于没有文化，吃了 很多苦。她非常向往学校生活，然而她不得不面对残酷的现实。这个例子真实可信，很有说服力。 第三段从其所举的例子中作者提出了一个令人深思的问题？为什么有的人生活奢侈， 大把地挥霍金钱， 而另外一些人却在忍受着痛苦？紧接着作者以 I think that 为标志提出自己的看法：应该阻止贫富差距 的进一步扩大，句中的 should 一词往往是提出建议的标志性词汇。这一问一答引发了下文的评论：农业是 我们国家的基础，只有当农民掌握了知识和技能，农业才能发展的更快。虽然政府已经采取了一些措施来 提高农民的生活水平，但是力度还不够，还应做出更大的努力。文章的最后一句话呼应文章的标题，提出 了统领全文的核心观点：中国的经济改革必须在贫困地区更加有效彻底地实行。 从结构上看，这篇议论文基本上属于总分总模式。 二真题剖析 分析历年四级考试的作文题目，我们发现议论文可以分为对比选择性，现象解释型，问题解决型以及 观点论证型四种。首先我们来看对比选择型。对比选择型议论文是大学英语四级考试最常见的题型。一般 来说，这类议论文的题目都会以一个一般疑问句或者选择疑问句形式出现，要求我们表明自己对一个问题 的观点和看法。下面我们以真题为例来说明这一题型。 2009 年 6 月 四级考试作文 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museum. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. （1）现在越来越多的博物馆向公众开放 （2）有人认为会带来很多问题。 （3）我认为 【解析】 这是一道明显的观点对比题，符合观点对比题的特征：（1）提出一种现象；（2）双方有不同的观点； （3）我的看法。唯一的不同在于，本题中的第二个提纲只提到了一种观点，而没有提到与之相反的观点， 因此在写作中可以做一下变通，把另外一种观点加上，构成第二段的内容。 经典范文 There is an increasing number of museums which are open to the public for free nowadays. However, no consensus is reached among the public on the influence it brings about on the museums and the visitors themselves. 第一段为描述现象，指出现如今越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放，然而对于可能带来的问题公众并 没有一致的意见。本段第二句话的作用在于引出第二段要说的内容，起到承上起下的作用，这里使用了一 个表示转折的词 however，在观点对比中，这一转折至关重要。此外，这一段里使用了一些词组值得我们 注意，如 for free，免费；reach consensus, 达成一致。 Some people hold the opinion that free admission to museums will contribute to numerous problems ranging from the spoiling of the environment to the damage to the facilities of the museums. It is known that some visitors will throw away the garbage here and there, which will do great damage to the surroundings of the museum. Furthermore, it will take a lot of time and effort for the museums to fix the facilities destroyed by the little kids who come to the museum without the company of their parents. However, there are different opinions on whether visitors should enjoy free admission or not. Some people maintain that visitors can acquire new knowledge and enrich their lives by visiting various museums. 第二段阐述双方不同的观点，先指出一些人的观点，认为免费开放会对环境和设施都造成损害，并且 举例说明这一观点；接着又指出了另外一些人的不同观点，他们认为免费开放能够使游客增长知识，丰富 他们的生活。两种观点之间又使用了转折连词 however。 一些精彩的短语和表达有：hold the opinion that, 持观点；free admission，免费开放；range fromto, 从到；furthermore, 更进一 步；without company of sb.，没有某人的陪伴；maintain, 维持，保持，主张。 As far as I am concerned, just as every coin has two sides, it is true to the above phenomenon. Therefore we are expected to take measures to educate the public to observe the rules and regulations when visiting the museums. Thus, more and more individuals will enjoy a favorable environment 第三段作者陈述了自己的观点，认为凡事皆有两面性，可以通过对游客的教育来避免不利的一面，这 样就能得到双赢的结果。一些精彩的短语和表达有：as far as is concerned, 提起，就来说；every coin has two sides, 凡事皆有两面性；take measures, 采取措施；observe the rules and regulations, 遵守规章制度。 2008 年 6 月四级考试作文 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write short essay according to the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 娱乐活动多种多样 2. 娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3. 作为大学生，我的看法。 【解析】 这又是一道典型的观点对比作文题，首先提出了一种现象，接着指出了双方有不同的观点，最后要求 发表我的看法。 经典范文 Abundant recreational activities are available for people to release their strain and stress, ranging from sports to online activities. There is going on a hot debate arguing whether they are good for the public or not, especially for college students. 第一段首先说人们现在有很多的娱乐活动来缓解压力，例如说体育活动和上网等等，接着指出这些活 动对于人们特别是大学生的利与弊存在激烈的讨论。一些精彩的短语和表达有：release their strain and stress，释放压力；hot debate, 激烈的讨论。 As for such a question, different people hold different views. Some believe that recreation is helpful if we want to keep healthy physically and mentally. While there also sounds an opposite voice, which claims that activities also bring many problems. For example, some young people are easily addicted to the virtual world online, which affects their study seriously and may lead to worse consequences as well. 第二段指出不同的人有不同的观点 ， 一些人认为娱乐活动可以使人身心健康， 而另一些人则意见相左， 认为会带来问题，并且举出了一些沉迷于网络的年轻人为例。一些精彩的短语和表达有：as for, 至于， 就来说；hold different views, 持有不同观点；keep healthy physically and mentally，保持身心 健康；claim，声称；be addicted to，沉迷于 As for me, I believe that recreational activities do more good than harm. They do give us a good chance and efficiency too. As long as we can arrange the time reasonably, they will definitely provide more benefits for us. 第三段给出了作者的看法，作者认为娱乐活动利大于弊，只要我们能合理安排时间，娱乐活动一定会 给我们带来好处。一些精彩的短语和表达有：do more good than harm，利大于弊；as long as，只要 三举一反三 通过以上两次四级考试作文真题的分析，我们发现对比选择型的议论文特点鲜明，结构明确，有一定 的规律可循，下面我们总结出了此类议论文的写作模版，供大家参考： Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion one the issue of not . Some people who are in favor of those who are against As far as I am concerned, argue that because . maintain that . . While / on whether or 以上模版中，第一段给出了写作的背景情况；第二段分别对两种对立的观点以及持有这两种观点的理 由进行了阐释；第三段则表明了自己的观点，并给出了理由。 以下是更多的对比选择型议论文的精彩句型： 对比不同的观点 a. When it comes to, peoples ideas / views /notions / opinions vary from person to person / from one to another. b. There is no consensus of opinions / there are some controversies / there is no agreement among people as to do; As to the view of c. Whenever people, they will come across the problem of weather they should or , and it is natural for different opinions to arise. d. The general public has been debating whether or not e. Some people think we should They say that While others think otherwise They