文献查新报告-模板.doc

信息检索课程报告项目名称： 面向语义Web服务的深层Web语义标注技术研究学 号： 姓 名： 专 业： 学 院：查新项目名 称中文：面向语义Web服务的深层Web语义标注技术研究英文：Research on Semantic Web Services Oriented Annotation Technology for the Deep Web一、 查新目的及范围查新目的：立项查新范围：国内外 二、 查新项目的科学技术要点（1）从语义网视角（而不是传统的知识工程视角）来研究使用Web本体针对“深层Web”（即：基于数据库的动态内容）进行“深层标注”（即：标注数据库）的框架、方法、技术和支撑工具，有别于针对“表层Web”（即：手工事先创作的静态(X)HTML页，或因客户HTTP请求或HTML表单查新请求后由后台数据库动态生成的(X)HTML页）的“表层标注”法（即：包装器/信息抽取器语义翻译器）。（2）摒弃传统的“以数据为中心的”语义标注思想，提出“以功能为中心的”语义标注思想，使语义标注技术方案更符合Web动态内容提供者的意愿，更能在实际得到运用。（3）提出使用“语义Web服务”框架和技术来实现以功能为中心的深层Web语义标注技术方案，从而不仅符合语义网发展趋势，而且使语义标注功能的自动发现、调用、组合和互操作成为可能。（4）本体语言使用OWL和/或RDF(S)，语义Web服务框架使用OWL-S（或WSMO、SWSF、WSDL-S等），使语义标注技术方案与语义网最新技术标准及当前主流语义Web服务框架相兼容。三、 查新点与查新要求查 新 点：采用“以功能为中心的”语义标注思想，使用当前主流语义Web服务框架（OWL-S或WSMO、SWSF、WSDL-S等）并运用语义网标准本体语言（OWL）来实现深层Web语义标注的方法、技术和支撑工具。查新要求：希望查新机构通过查新，证明在所查范围内国内外有无相同或类似研究。 四、文献检索范围及检索策略（一）文献检索范围国内 数据库：1. 中国学术期刊数据库 19942012.52. 中文科技期刊数据库 19892012.53. 中国科技经济新闻数据库 19922012.54. 中国学术会议论文数据库 19892012.55. 中国学位论文数据库 19892012.56. 中国科技成果数据库 19892012.57. 中国专利数据库 19852012.58. 中国计算机文献数据库 19892012.59. 国家科技成果网 19782012.510. 中国科技论文在线 20002012.511. 互联网相关中文网站国外数据库：1.EI（美国工程索引）19682012.52.CSA（剑桥科学文摘）19802012.53.OCLC FirstSearch（联机系统）19922012.54.EBSCOhost（全文数据库）19752012.55.ProQuest Science Journals（科学期刊）19862012.56.SpringerLink（德国斯普林格数据库）19732012.57.Elsevier SDOL（荷兰Elsevier学术期刊）19952012.58.PQDD（北美博士论文）19982012.59.IEEE Computer Society Digital Library10.The ACM Portal (The ACM Digital Library)11.Wiley InterScience (Computer Science)12.科技信息搜索http：/ （二）检索策略检索词：1. 语义网（semantic web） 或 语义Web（semantic web）2. 语义标注（semantic annotation） 或 本体标注（ontological annotation）3. 深层标注（deep annotation） 或 深度标注（deep annotation）4. 深层Web（deep web） 或 深度Web（deep web） 或 动态网页（dynamic web page） 或动态Web内容（dynamic web content） 或 Web数据库（web database）5. 语义Web服务（semantic web services）检索式：A. 1 and 2 and ( 3 or 4 )B. 1 and 2 and ( 3 or 4 ) and 5五、检索结果运用以上检索策略在以上国内、外数据库中检索到与该委托项目相关的文献共计30余篇。其中，密切相关文献共计18篇，摘录如下：（1）【题名】基于本体的语义标注原型评述【作者】廖述梅【机构】江西财经大学信息管理学院 江西南昌330013【刊名】计算机工程与科学 2006年 09期【文摘】实现语义Web构想的关键是利用本体词汇来标注Web资源，如Web页、服务等，基于本体的语义标注原型就是用于支持内容创建者在Web页中添加语义元数据，使其内容被人和机器所理解。本文首先简介现有基于本体的标注原型，然后从不同角度综述了各原型，并进行了对照比较，最后指出了现有原型的不足。（2）【题名】基于本体的语义标注工具比较与分析【作者】邹亮1，廖述梅2【机构】1华中科技大学软件学院，2江西财经大学信息管理学院【刊名】计算机应用 2004年 S1期【文摘】本体相关的语义标注工具利用已有本体在Web页面及其他文档中插入标注，或通过标注文档产生知识库。文中从功能模块和标注特性角度比较分析了已发布的标注工具，并分析了这些工具的特点与不足。（3）【题名】标注工具中OWL本体编辑功能的实现研究【作者】陶皖，姚红燕【机构】安徽工程科技学院计算机科学与工程系 安徽芜湖241000【刊名】安徽工程科技学院学报(自然科学版) 2006年 03 期【文摘】基于本体的语义标注工具使用已有本体在Web页面中插入语义元数据信息，从而使Web页的内容机器可识别，是将现有Web提升为语义Web的有效方法之一.大多数标注工具仅支持使用已存在的本体词汇来标注Web页，不具备标注过程中新建本体或在已有本体中添加新词汇从而补充标注词汇的本体编辑功能。针对语义标注中的本体编辑功能的特点及存在问题进行研究，并从实现的角度对OWL本体编辑进行讨论。（4）【题名】一种语义Web服务的理论框架及实现【作者】史卫三【机构】淮南师范学院【刊名】内江科技 2006年 02期【文摘】Web服务是Web上信息和数据集成的有效机制。本文阐述了语义Web服务的相关概念，给出了语义Web报务的理论框架，并通过实例介绍了语义Web服务的实现方法。两者的结合将为下一代网络提供更为广阔的发展前景。（5）【题名】一种语义Web服务的多层次匹配方法【作者】仲梅; 宋顺林; 【机构】江苏大学计算机科学与通信工程学院【刊名】计算机应用 2007年 01期【文摘】现有的语义Web服务发现方法大多采用匹配等级来筛选服务，查找到的服务粒度较大，也没有考虑服务质量。对OWL-S语言进行扩展，增加对QoS(服务质量)的描述，提出了五层次三阶段的多层次匹配过程，采用语义相似度进行匹配。实验结果表明该匹配方法能够保证查找的查准率和查全率。（6）Title: Semantic annotation for knowledge management: Requirements and a survey of the state of the artAuthor: Victoria Uren, Philipp Cimiano, Jose Iria, Siegfried Handschuh, Maria Vargas-Vera, Enrio Motta, Fabio CiravegnaSource: Journal of Web Semantics, 2006, 4(1): 14-28Abstract: While much of a companys knowledge can be found in text repositories, current content management systems have limited capabilities for structing and interpreting documents. In the emerging Semantic Web, search, interpretation and aggregation can be addressed by ontology-based semantic mark-up. This analysis shows that, while there is still some way to go before semantic annotation tools will be able to address fully all the knowledge management needs, research in the area is active and making good progress.（关于语义标注技术现状的综述报告，分析比较了27个语义标注框架或工具，指出了仅CREAM框架中的OntoMat工具能支持从数据库产生的动态HTML页的语义标注。）（7）Title: Data extraction and annotation for dynamic Web pagesAuthor: Hui Song, Suraj Giri, Fanyuan MaSource: Proceedings - 2004 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, EEE 2004, 2004, p 499-502Abstract: Many Web sites contain large sets of pages generated dynamically using a common template. The structured data extracted from these pages with semantic annotation are valuable for information system. In this paper, we proposed a system, ADeaD, to automatically extract data values from these Web pages and annotate the data schema. Experimental evaluation on a lot of real Web page collections indicates our algorithm correctly extracted data and annotated the data schema. （介绍了一种动态网页数据提取和标注的原型框架ADeaD，包括包装器产生器、数据抽取器、候选标注产生器和数据标注器。)（8）【题名】带模板的结构化HTML文档深度标注框架【作者】廖述梅1，徐升华1，陶皖2【机构】1江西财经大学 信息管理学院，2安徽工程科技学院 计算机工程系【刊名】清华大学学报（自然科学版）.2006, 46(S1): 936-941【文摘】将现有Web提升为语义Web的有效方法之一就是标注Web页。当前Web上，动态生成页面的规模有静态页面的500倍之多，标注从数据库动态生成的页面是深度标注方法之一。针对数据库生成的Web页面具有模板和结构化的特征，在对带模板的结构化HTML文档和本体形式化表示之后，提出了两段式的深度标注框架，即第一阶段解析HTML文档，抽取结构化信息，第二阶段指定实例与词汇间的映射，标注自动生成。与其他标注方法相比，该方法能明显降低标注过程的工作量。（9）【题名】补充反馈模块的深度标注框架研究【作者】陶皖1，廖述梅2【机构】1安徽工程科技学院 计算机科学与工程系，2江西财经大学 信息管理学院【刊名】计算机技术与发展 2007, 17(1): 18-20,23【文摘】由数据库生成的动态Web页面是静态页面的数百倍，直接针对Web页产生过程的深度标注可以提高动态Web页的标注效率。针对动态Web页以查询生成居多的特点，提出标注与反馈相结合的深度标注框架，即第一步通过标注模块进行初步标注，并记录Web页面的查询要求；第二步分析查询信息，找出不同Web页的关系，通过反馈模块进一步补充标注内容，从而提高标注的质量。（10）Title: From wrapping to knowledgeAuthor: Jose L. Arjona, Rafael Corchuelo, David Ruiz, Miguel ToroSource: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, v 19, n 2, February, 2007, p 310-323Abstract: One the most challenging problems for Enterprise Information Integration is to deal with heterogeneous information sources on the Web. The reason is that they usually provide information that is in human-readable form only, which makes it difficult for a software agent to understand it. Current solutions build on the idea of annotating the information with semantics. If the information is unstructured, proposals such as S-CREAM, MnM, or Armadillo may be effective enough since they rely on using natural language processing techniques; furthermore, their accuracy can be improved by using redundant information on the Web, as C-PANKOW has proved recently. If the information is structured and closely related to a back-end database, Deep Annotation ranges among the most effective proposals, but it requires the information providers to modify their applications; if Deep Annotation is not applicable, the easiest solution consists of using a wrapper and transforming its output into annotations. In this paper, we prove that this transformation can be automated by means of an efficient, domain-independent algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to devise and formalize such a systematic, general solution. （介绍了一种将包装器提取的数据进行自动语义转换（即语义翻译器）的领域独立的算法。）（11）Title: On Deep AnnotationAuthors: Siegfried Handschuh, Steffen Staab, Raphael VolzSource: Proceeings of the 12th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2003). ACM Press, 2003: 431-438.Abstract: The success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the easy creation, integration and use of semantic data. For this purpose, we consider an integration scenario that defies core assumptions of current metadata construction methods. We describe a framework of metadata creation when web pages are generated from a database and the database owner is cooperatively participating in the Sematic Web. This leads us to the definition of ontology mapping rules by manual semantic annotation and the usage of the mapping rules and of web services for semantic queries. In order to create metadata, the framework combines the presentation layer with the data description layer in constrast to “conventional” annotation, which remains at the presentation layer. Therefore, we refer to the framework as deep annotation. We consider deep annotation as particularly valid because, (i) web pages generated from databases outnumber static web pages, (ii) annotation of web pages may be a very intuitive way to create semantic data from a database and, (iii) data from databases should not be materialized as a RDF files, it should remain where it can be handled most efficiently in its databases. （基于“Web站点所有者愿意参与语义网”的假设，首先引入了“深层标注”的概念，并介绍了“深层标注”的实现过程。）（12）Title: Annotation for the Deep WebAuthor: Siegfried Handschuh, Raphael Volz, Steffen StaabSource: IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2003, 18(5): 42-48Abstract: One of the core challenges of the Semantic Web is to create metadata by mass collaboration. A solution to this problem is a technique called deep annotation, which uses three elements of information the information itself, its structure and its context to derive mappings. （介绍了“深层标注”的概念、分类和实现过程。）（13）Title: Leveraging metadata creation for the Semantic Web with CREAMAuthor: Siegfried Handschuh; Steifen Staab, Rudi StuderSource: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence v 2821, KI 2003: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 2003, p 19-33Abstract: The success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the easy creation of ontology-based metadata by semantic annotation. We provide a framework, CREAM, that allows for the creation of semantic metadata about static and dynamic Web pages, i.e. for semantic annotation of the Shallow and the Deep Web. CREAM supports the manual and the semi-automatic annotation of static Web pages, the authoring of new web pages with the simultaneous creation of metadata, and the deep annotation of Web pages defined dynamically by database queries. （介绍了支持“深层标注”的CREAM框架的技术细节。）（14）Title: Unveiling the hidden bride: deep annotation for mapping and migrating legacy data to the Semantic WebAuthor: Raphael Volz, Siegfried Handschuh, Steffen Staab, Ljiljana Stojanovic, Nenad StojanovicSource: Journal of We Semantics, 2004, 1(2): 187-206Abstract: The success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the easy creation, integration, and use of semantic data. For this purpose, we consider an integration scenario that defies core assumptions of current metadata construction methods. We describe a framework of metadata creation where Web pages are generated from a database and the database owner is cooperatively participating in the Semantic Web. This leads us to the deep annotation of the database directly by annotation of the logical database schema or indirectly by annotation of the Web presentation generated from the database contents. From this annotation, one may execute data mapping and/or migration steps, and thus prepare the data for use in the Semantic Web. We consider deep annotation as particularly valid because: (i) dynamic Web pages generated from database outnumber static Web pages, (ii) deep annotation may be a very intuitive way to create semantic data from a database, and (iii) data from databases should remain where it can be handled most efficiently in its database. Interested users can then query this data directly or choose to materialize the data as RDF files. （全面介绍了“深层标注”方案、以及运用深层标注实现将数据库数据映射或迁移成RDF文件的技术细节。）（15）Title: Toolkits for ontology building and semantic annotation in UDMGridAuthor: Xiaowu Chen, Xixi Luo, Haifeng Ou, Mingji Chen, Hui Xiao, Pin Zhang, Feng ChengSource: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), v 3842 LNCS, Advanced Web and Network Technologies, and Applications - APWeb 2006 International Workshops: XRA, IWSN, MEGA, and ICSE, Proceedings, 2006, p 486-495Abstract: University Digital Museum Grid (UDMGrid) has been developed to provide one-stop information services about kinds of digital specimens in the form of grid services. In order to speed up the way to make the digital specimen information resources interoperable based on semantic annotation using ontologies, three toolkits have been exploited to support the ontology building and the semantic annotation about the university digital museum information resources. These include toolkits for ontology editing, web content semantic annotation, and database content semantic annotation. （介绍了大学数字博物馆网格UDMGrid中的本体构造和语义标注工具箱，包括数据库内容语义标注的工具原型。）（16）Title: Embedding Semantic Annotations into Dynamic Web ContentsAuthor: Ismael Navas-Delgado, Nathalie Moreno-Vergara, Antonio C. Gomez-Lora, Maria del Mar, Roldan-Garcia, Ivan Ruiz-Mostazo, Jose F. Aldana-MontesSource: Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, IEEE Computer Society, 2004, p 231-235Abstract: The Semantic Web explosion has not yet been accompanied by efficient search engines or intelligent applications that can exploit semantic query capabilities. This is the reason why the amount of semantically annotated web pages is still very small compared to the total amount of information on the Web. In this sense, there have been several approaches that deal with the semantic annotation of static web pages. However, they do not support the annotation of dynamically generated web content. This paper offers two main contributions: first, the automatic generation of a function that dynamically calculates annotations for a web document; secondly, a novel approach for annotating dynamic web documents by annotating the queries enveloped in each document and their results. （介绍了一种将语义标注嵌入动态Web页的抽象方法。）（17）Title: Semantic Web and Semantic Web Serives: Father and Son or Indivisible Twins?Author: Martin HeppSource: IEEE Internet Computing, 2006, 10(2): 85-88Abstract: The Semantic Web is, without a doubt, gaining momentum in both industry and academia. Unfortunately, Semantic Web services - annotating computational functionality rather than data - are underrepresented. Most Semantic Web researchers dedicate their attention to annotating Web content stored in static documents or database-driven applications. Yet, annotating existing Web data wont make the original Semantic Web vision a reality. Instead, evidence shows that Semantic Web services are mandatory components of the Semantic Web, primarily because entities are more willing to expose functionality than data in business settings. （批评了语义网研究界忽视语义Web服务、注重于标注数据而不是标注功能的做法。）（18）Title: Mapping between Relational Database Schema and OWL Ontology for Deep AnnotationAuthor: Zhuoming Xu, Shichao Zhang, Yisheng DongSource: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, IEEE Press, 2006, p 548-552Abstract: Creating mappings between database schema and Web ontology is a preconditing process in the generation of ontological annotations for dynamic Web page contents extracted from the database. In this paper, a practical approach to creating mappings between a relational database schema and an OWL ontology is presented. The approach can automatically construct the mappings by following a set of predefined heuristic rules based on the conceptual correspondences between the schema and the ontology. This automatic mapping is implemented as the core functionality in a prototype tool D2OMapper that has some assistant functions to help the user manually create and maintain the mappings. Case studies show that the proposed approach is effective and