2013高考英语短文改错专项训练.doc

2013高考英语短文改错专项训练 高考英语短文改错常见错误类型 高考英语改错题是考生感到棘手的题型之一笔者对近几年的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面例题保留原题号 1 动词时态 每年都有时态错误的小题而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据 12003全国卷She liked it very much and reads it to the class All said the story was 84 read and连接并列谓语 22004江苏卷At once I apologize and controlled myself 83 apologized and连接并列谓语 32004全国卷 Sometimes we talked to each other very well in class 82 talk 根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时 42005全国卷I will write again and send you the photos we take together 85 took 把照片寄给你应该是已经拍好的用过去时 52005全国卷 There are advantage for students to work while studying at school One of them was that they can earn money 77 is 从上下文判断应该是现在时谓语用is 62005江苏卷We named him Jack and keep him for about three years 76 kept and连接并列谓语 2 名词单复数 单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一改动的依据有一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份二是根据上下文的逻辑关系 12003全国卷Their word were a great encouragement to me 85 words 是把word改为words 还是把were改为was根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定 22004江苏that was a dinner we had waited for several month 85 months several修饰复数名词 32004全国卷 a few minute on the Internet 77 minutes a few修饰复数名词 42005全国卷But one and a half year later 79 years one and a half意思为一年半故判断此处year应为复数形式 52005全国卷There are advantage for students to work 76 advantages 从there are 判断应该用名词复数 3 句子结构 句子结构方面的错误范围庞大解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考1句子结构是否完整成份是否冗缺2单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符3主谓一致4复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等 12004 全国卷I wont be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon 78 becauseas 复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当 22004 全国卷 I dont know that they dont like to talk with me 81 why 复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当 32005全国卷For the most part students working to earn money for their own use 78 work 缺谓语动词 42005全国卷Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like 79 allows 主语是动名词短语Earning their own money谓语应该用单数 52005江苏卷But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability 84 was 主语是第三人称单数 4 赘述 高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复 12003全国卷80I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day 80 should 并列谓语should多余 22004 全国卷Can you tell me about what I should do 85 about tell sb aboutof sth或tell sb接从句 32004重庆卷I had to look up to the same word many times 78 to look up a word查字典 42005全国卷Some students may also to save up for their college or future use 84 to 情态动词may后接动词原形 52005江苏卷 But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability 83 for but是连词for是介词不能并列 5 固定结构固定句型固定短语固定搭配 所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达如固定短语中的词不能缺固定搭配要前后一致等 12003全国卷81Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was 81 talking enjoy doing为固定短语 22004 全国卷I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool 79 at laugh at sb 固定短语 32004 浙江卷from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world 82 with provide with为固定短语 42005全国卷I am writing to thank you with your kind help 76 for thank sb for sth 52005全国卷 or for permission to do things by money 83 with with money 6 冠词 英语中冠词只有三个从高考英语改错题的角度来看只能从以下几个方向出题1不定冠词a和an互改2不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改3根据需要增删冠词 12004 全国卷I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend 77 the 根据句义是特指这个周末 22004江苏卷When I was boy 76 a 我是一个男孩应用不定冠词 a 32004 辽宁卷This was my first visit to a English family 78 an English开头字母是元音应该用an 42004重庆卷I started writing down words from books that I read 82 the 名词后由从句修饰时应使用定冠词 52005全国卷I hope youve hadpleasant journey home and will come to China 83 a 7 代词 代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系 12004 浙江卷And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own 78 their 指代对象应一致 22004湖北卷You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him 83 them pupils 是复数后应该用替代复数名词的代词 32005全国卷Some students may also save up for our college or future use 85 their 指代对象应一致 42005江苏卷We often play a trick on himself 79 him play a trick on sb 8 连词及与并置问题 连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同这两点是解答连词及其相关问题的关键所在 12004江苏卷My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes 79 and 从句意可知此处表并列关系应用and 22004全国卷My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there 82 and 并列关系于是同时然后等意思 32004全国卷I would describe myself as shy and quietly 77 quiet 连接的词性应一致 9 易混淆的词或词组 易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词近义词也包括外形相似意义有别的词组易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分 12004全国卷Finding information on the Net is easily 83 easy be easy 非常容易形容词做表语 22004福建卷She called 119 immediate 84 immediately 副词做状语 32003全国卷I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English 78 everything 在陈述句中一般用everything 42004 重庆卷but I had terribly problems memorizing them 77 terrible 作定语应用形容词 52005全国卷My pronunciation was terribly 78terrible 系动词后用形容词作表语以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点解题方法以及错误类型解题时就不会盲目从事而能做到有的放矢短文改错题常见的错误类型1冠词的多用少用混用2名词 的数与格的误用3主谓不一致的错误学生往往容易忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一致性4代词的指代不一致的错误代词的指代一致性包括人称数格和性四方面的统一代词的人称可分为第一二三人称和非人称代词的数分为单数和复数代词的格分为主格宾格所有格还有名词性物主代词代词的性分为阳性阴性和中性5动词的时态语态和语气的误用多数动词有时态语态和语气变化形式还有上下文的时态呼应主从句的时态一致6非谓语动词的误用非谓语动词的难点主要体现在Ving形式和过去分词的用法区别Ving形式与不定式的用法区别以及非谓语动词的时态语态的正确运用7形容词副词的混用及其比较等级的误用形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词作表语说明主语的性质特征而副词的作用较复杂常常修饰形容词 副词 介词短语动词或全句形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象省略不当自身比较修饰语的误用than连接的两个比较对象不一致或不平行8关联词语的误用关联词分并列连词 andbutorsowhen等从属连词各种从句的引导词关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识还涉及至行文逻辑关系短文改错题惯用的命题手法是andbutorso等之间的混用because与so并用although与but并用why 与because并用come与go混用here与there混用9平行结构的误用平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相似的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质密切关联的内容平行结构有词之间的平行词组之间的平行句子或从句之间的平行段落之间的平行在平行结构中常用的并列连词 有andbutorthan等10成分的多与少多一词或少一词多或少的词语常见于冠词介词不定式标记to等不过有时也可能是实义词在短文改错中常出现repeat backserve for等错误这类错误大多由于学生受汉语表达习惯的影响或对英语词义的理解不够准确造成的11固定搭配习惯用法和介词的误用短文改错中涉及到固定搭配习惯用法常常多用少用或误用其中的介词有时也涉及到其中的动词冠词的错误搭配短文改错题常见的错误类型剖析1多词多冠词I caught a sigh of my English in the crowd析sight是不可数名词且cath sight of是固定搭配意为看见故应去掉a多介词We practice for three times every week此例中是作时间状语的名词短语多了介词故应去掉for固定搭配中多词I was used to watch it 此 例属于used to do 与be used to两个固定搭配的误用据句意应去was即过去常常之意行文逻辑上多词Firstlet me tell you something more about myself 由first可知是刚刚开始向别人讲述自己的事情故只能说something 而不要加more词义重复Ill spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it the whole weekend 意为整个周末再加上all 词义重复故去all出现冗言现象Today I visited the Smiths _my first time visit to an American family 本句中first 修饰visit vsit 此处为名词意为我的第一次访问time多余2缺词名词前缺限定词The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me 根据上下文分析此处English teacher 是有所指的指的是我的英语教师故应English teacher 前加上my 表达一个更确切的概念缺动词不定式符号to Id like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning would like 后面不能直接加动词需to构成固定搭配would like to do something意为想做某事缺系动词What your favorite sport 本句缺谓语动词应在What后面加is 短文改错的解题步骤1通读短文把握文意快速阅读短文了解短文大意利用短文大意攻克文中的错误切忌拿到短文提笔就改2依据句意和语法逐句判断错误是按行设置的但找错不是以行为单位寻找必须依据句意和语法分析逐句或跨行寻找错误3先易后难逐类排查先找出比较明显的错误逐步缩小 错误的范围十行之中有一行是正确的4利用行文逻辑突破改错难点有些行文逻辑错误从词法句法的角度看是正确的但是通过上下文的逻辑分析就会发现是错误的5复读短文检查答案注意行文逻辑关系的正确合理6严格按照试题要求答题万万不能随心所欲解题短文改错的解题技巧1利用排除法进行短文改错所谓排除法就是在理解单句或短文大意基本把握住文章整体时态的前提下行不离句句不离文将句子分成若干语段逐一排除使错误缩小到最小范围再根据基础知识进行扩散性思考从而快速找到答案2发现有平行结构就要检查是否有用词不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡错误如She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived 此句中并列的平行结构是两个语法上相同的谓语故应把drank改drinking3发现有比较结构就要检查是否有形容词副词的比较级比较的对象等方面的错误如In some places you can borrow many books as you want 根据上下文不难发现该句含asas结构的句子所以应在many前加上as4发现有转折因果对比等结构时就要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误如His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world 按行文逻辑应把buys 改sells又如I like singing my brother likes dancing 英语中两个分句之间不能仅仅用逗号而要用合适的连词连接故以上两个分句之间要加上连词while 表示对比5发现句子有多重结构就要检查是否有时态语态连词或成分短缺等错误如He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there 该句犯了连词重复使用的错误应去掉immediately6发现有特殊疑问句结构就要检查是否有疑问词使用不当的错误如-How many was the price of your car -I bought the car at cheap price only S2000英语中问价格时可用what price 或how much 提问回答时常用high price low price 所以应把句子中的How many 改为What 把答句中cheap 改为low7发现有名词和代词时就要检查是否有数所有格或指代不一致的错误如Some people read the books or watch TV while others have sports 去掉books前的the books在此表示泛指8发现有固定短语时就要检查副词介词冠词是否使用错误如Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd caught sight of 看见 是固定词组所以要去掉a9发现并列主语从句不定代词集合名词非谓语动词时间金钱等作主语together with as well as 等引导的成份修饰主语时就要检查是否有主谓不一致的错误如Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit but also 后面的分句的主语也是playing football其谓语动词应当用单数故give应改为gives 10发现有特殊动词结构时就要检查其特殊用法是否正确如He made me to post a letter for him 英语中的感官动词see look at watch notice observe hear listen to 等使役动词let make have 等后面所跟的复合宾语中如果由不定式的短语作宾语补足语不定式须省去to故应去掉句中的to11发现有非谓语动词作状语表语或定语时就要检查是否有非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致的错误如The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it 该句型中不定式to carry 逻辑上的宾语就是句子中的主语所以句中的it是多余应去掉短文改错题中动词错误的解题思路1如果该动词在句中作谓语可考虑其时时态和语态如Anyone may borrow books and it cost nothing to borrow them cost-costs 如Books may be keep for two weeks keep kept 2如果该动词不作谓语可试着改成非谓语动词形式如I look forward to hear from you soon hear -hearing 如play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also play-playing 短文改错的考点分析短文改错是一种对基础知识与综合技能的检测题它主要检测考生对词法句法和语篇中的行为逻辑等的把握1词法主要涉及名词的单复数人称代词的性数格不定代词和连接代词的用法动词的时态和语态情态动词和非谓语动词的用法定冠词不定冠词的用法并列连词和从属连词的看法介词的搭配形容词和副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法词语的固定搭配和习惯用法等2句法各类从句的连接主谓一致省略与替代否定句型强调句型句子结构的连贯性完整性等3语篇短文时态的前后呼应代词的前后一致逻辑的前后顺应等短文改错中错词的误用1名词单复数误用She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success 根据句意分析schoolmate应改为复数形式2非谓语动词误用I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort 根据句意分析and连接两个不同的事情故watch 应以动名词watching 作主语3连词误用It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest 分析后各知本句话意思为看起来我的父母亲把我当成了visitor或gust 了二者为选择关系而非并列关系故应将 and改为or4关系代词与关系副词误用I live in Beijing where is the capital of China此句后一部分是非限制性定语从句应用关系代词which作主语5限定词误用We may be one family and live under a same roof same 意为同样的前面应加定冠词the 而不是a6词义辨析误用They did not want me to do my work at family family 侧重指家庭这个结构或家里人而home 则侧重指家庭的所在地因此在家里应用at home 短文改错中一致性问题1主谓一致2时态与语态的一致3代词先后指代一致4名词数的一致5平行结构中的一致6全文写作逻辑语义一致高考英语短文改错解题指导 以往短文改错题是高考英语全国试卷和绝大多数单独命题省市试卷的基本题型由于其综合了对于高中生英语语法阅读和写作能力的综合考察所以一直以来都是学生们颇感棘手的难题我们认为经过合理的指导和科学的训练学生们完全可以熟悉其核心的命题思路和解题技巧从而取得理想的成绩 一高考英语改错题的命题特点分析 从上个世纪九十年代开始出现以来高考短文改错题的考察方式基本已经稳定下来其设疑方式不外乎无错1处多词或少词3到4处以及错词5-6处而且没有单词拼写标点符号或词序错误只涉及语法习惯表达和语义逻辑层面 三高考英语改错题的常见错误类型 根据对近十年全部高考改错题的统计分析我们认为短文改错题所涉及到的高频考点恰好也是中学生在写作中经常出现的错误我们希望考生能够参考我们所总结的常见错误类型在练习改错题的时候学会对应和归纳这样才能够提高对错误的嗅觉力和敏感度这些错误类型主要为 1动词的时态和语态 2句子结构和句子完整性 3名词单复数及主谓一致问题 4上下文语意和指代 5介词 6固定习惯用法 7词性 8冠词 9连词和从句引导词 10动词不定式 四实例分析 接下来我们以考题为例分析短文改错题的具体解题流程 1There are advantage for students to work while 2studying at school One of them was that 3they can earn money For the most part 4students working to earn money for their own 5use Earning their own money allow them 6to spend on anything as if they please 7They would have to ask their parents for 8money or for permission to do things by 9the money Some students may also to save 10up for our college or future use 通过阅读全文我们发现 1 这是一篇议论文探讨学生是否应该打工主体时态是现在时第2小题的局部时态和主体时态发生冲突而且经过进一步判断属于时态错误 2 文章的第一句是这篇议论文的论点它明确了全文的立足点打工有好处因此第7小题虽然没有任何语法错误但其逻辑和全文的整体逻辑恰好背道而驰 3 文章是作者站在第三方对一个一般现象进行的评论主体叙事角度与我我们无关第10小题的代词our有错误嫌疑 第1小题There are advantage for students to work while中系动词are和主语advantage的单复数一致性出现了问题但此时还不能贸然判断究竟是哪一个出现了问题通过阅读下文我们得出至少有两个层面的好处因此把advantage改为advantages 第2小题studying at school One of them was that中我们已经解释过了时态错误应将was改为is 第3小题they can earn money For the most part中没有错误for the most part为习惯表达表示最主要的原因是且语法无误 第4students working to earn money for their own中working是非谓语形式导致该句没有谓语是一个典型的不完整句因此要将working改为work还原其谓语功能 第5小题use Earning their own money allow them中主语为动名词形式的earning与谓语allow的一致性出现问题应改为allows 第6小题to spend on anything as if they please中从句引导词错误导致含义混乱应将as if改为as 第7小题They would have to ask their parents for中如上文中的解释改为should not 第8小题money or for permission to do things by中介词使用有误这主要还是一个语法问题将by改为with 第9小题the money Some students may also to save中情态动词和不定时的语法问题应该将to去掉 第10小题up for our college or future use中我们解释过了这里的代词our与全文的叙述角度发生冲突经判断将其改为their 大致上短文改错涵盖面较广本文只是总结了数年考试题型做了归纳总之这类题十分注意细节令本文是其他一线教师力作拿来即用Exercise 2 Dear students The Students Union was going to hold an English Speech 1 _ contest in the evening of December 30 The purpose 2 _ is increase the studentsinterest in learning English and 3 _ improve their spoken English Which is going to b序e held in4 _ the school main hall and will begins at 730 And the 5 _ best five students of this English contest will be given6 _ prizes Someone in Grade Three will be 7 _ welcome to take part in it Those would like to take part 8 _ in this contest should go to the office of the Students9 _ Union and sign it up your names and the topics of your 10 _ English Speech Welcome to this great fun 答案及解析 1 was改为is 2 in改为on指具体某一天的晚上 要用介词on 3 is后加to此处为不定式作表语 4 Which改为It此处应用it指代前文的an English Speech contest 如用which指代则无主句 5 begins改为beginwill后需用动词原形与will共同构成谓语部分 6 此行无错 7 Someone改为Everyoneeveryone侧重整体 指每个人 someone侧重个体 意为某个人 8 Those后加who此处用who引导定语从句 9 go改为come根据文章第一句话可知 此通知发出者是the Students Union所以要用come而不用go 10 删去it此句中已有宾语your names 不需用itExercise 3 Listening to foreign broadcast easier 1 _ if we know something about There are clues 2 _ that can help us One clue is the time of 3 _ day Morning programs usually contains many 4 _ short items of news informations etc The 5 _ items are short because of most of us are 6 _ getting ready to going to work in the 7 _ morning Often we do not have time listen 8 _ to long programs There are time for more 9 _ details about the subjects discuss in evening programs10 _ 答案及解析 1 easier前加is此处应构成主语系动词表语句型 2 about后加itabout是介词 后面应接名词 代词 动名词作宾语 3 此行无错 4 contains改为contain主谓一致错误主语programs为复数形式 5 informations改为informationinformation为不可数名词 6 删去because后面的ofbecause后面应接一个句子 而because of后面应接名词 代词 动名词 7 going改为gobe ready to do sth为固定短语 意为准备做某事 8 listen前为tohave time to do sth意为有时间做某事 9 are改为is主谓一致错误主语time为不可数名词 谓语应用单数形式 10 discuss改为discussed非谓语动词错误此处动词discuss与其逻辑主语subjects应为被动关系 故用discussed作定语Exercise 4 Life on earth depends the sun Day after 1 _ day we see its light and feel its warm but we 2 _ do not often consider about its origin 3 _ Yet there are many remarkable things about the 4 _ sun One is their distance from the earth Even 5 _ if it could be made a trip to the sun would spend a long 6 _ time even by the fastest rocket 7 _ The sun is a large satellite The planet 8 _ earth is very small in comparison The sun make 9 _ us to feel hot even at a distance of 93 million miles 10 _ 答案及解析 1 depend后加on此处depend为不及物动词 应与on连用 表示依赖 依靠 2 warm改为warmthwarm为形容词 在its后应用名词warmth作feel的宾语 3 删去about此处consider为及物动词 直接接宾语 4 此行无错 5 their改为its依上文此处指代太阳的 6 spend改为taketake应由物作主语 表示时间或金钱的花费 而spend则通常用人作主语 7 by改为inin the fastest rocket为固定用法 表示具体的运输工具 8 satellite改为starsatellite意为卫星 star多用来指恒星 9 make改为makes此处make应与主语第三人称单数the sun保持一致 10 删去to当不定式作make的宾语补足语时 应省略toExercise 5 After I finished the school this year I began to 1 _ look for work Now several month later I still hadn抰2 _ found the job that I was interested Last Sunday morning3 _ I received a phone call from a man calling him Mr Smith 4 _ He said to me on the phone 揑 hear you do very m 5 _ well in your studies I may provide a job for youI entered 6 _ his office with a beaten heart How I hoped that I 7 _ will go through the job -hunting talk toda y and he would8 _ take me on as a lab assistant But to my surprised 9 _ what he said disappointing He only needed a model 10 _ 答案及解析 1 删去the冠词错误finish school意为完成学业 毕业 school为抽象名词 前不加冠词 2 month改为months名词单复数错误several修饰可数名词复数形式 3 interested后加in介词错误be interested in是固定词组 4 him改为himself代词错误 根据文意应为自称是 5 do改为did动词错误句意应为我听说你 过去 学习不错 因为现已毕业 6 此行无错 7 beaten改为beating非谓语动词错误a beating heart相当于a heart which is beating 8 will改为would动词时态错误主句是过去时 宾语从句要用相应的时态 9 surprised改为surpriseto ones surprisejoy为习语搭配 只能是名词 10 said后加was动词谓语漏用错误What he said是主语从句 was disappointing是谓语Exercise 6 Once an old man saw a bag on his way to home 1 _ In the bag there was a wolf It was catching and put in 2 _ the bag by a shepherd 牧羊人 a few minutes ago The wolf asked the old man to let him out3 _ The old man took pity on him and opened bag4 _ When the wolf got out said to the old man I am very hungry 5 _ I want to eat youThe other old man could do nothing 6 _ and cry for help Just then the shepherd came and saw this 7 _ He beat the wolf to death by a stick Then he said to the 8 _ _ old man 搘olves want to eat men all the time It抯 nature 9 _ will never change We should took this as a good lesson10 _ 答案及解析 1 删去tohome是副词 前面不能接介词 2 catching改为caught主语it与catch的关系为被动关系 故用was caught 3 此行无错 4 bag前加thebag在此重复提到 为特指 5 said前加he代词漏用错误此句缺少主语 并且要与上文him保持一致 6 删去other接上下文没有另一个老人 7 and cry 改为but cry can do nothing but意为只得做 为习惯搭配 8 by改为with介词错误用工具常用with 9 Its改为Its同音词混淆错误此处应为它的本性 10 took改为take情态动词后应接动词原形Exercise 7 Dear Sir Im glad to recommend 推荐 to you my friend Li Ming Li Ming was born on July 15 in 1974 in Beijing 1 _ He graduated from Xisi Primary School in 1986 2 _ When he was in the middle school he did good in math