Unit 8 Grammar 虚拟语气 the subjunctive mood.doc

虚拟语气 the subjunctive mood英语导学提纲 the outline for learning English一、 学习目标（learning goals）熟悉虚拟语气的基本用法。掌握虚拟语气在状语从句，名词性从句及特殊句式中的运用。二、 学习方法（learning ways）1. 课前预习：预习虚拟语气的基本用法。2. 课堂练习：通过多种虚拟语气的题型的随堂练习，巩固加深对虚拟语气的理解运用。3. 课后考点精析：课后运用所获知识，自学考点精析内容，使虚拟语气的知识与高考接轨。三、 学习过程（learning process） Step one: 课前预习：虚拟语气的基本用法一、 虚拟语气的定义：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是与事实相反的或不可能实现的假设，愿望等。二、 虚拟语气的用法：虚拟语气常出现在状语从句，名词性从句和一些特殊句型中。三、 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法。（一） 由if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句1、其动词形式如下表格。时间从句主句与现在事实相反did/wereWould/might/could/should+do与过去事实相反had doneWould/might/could/should+have done与将来事实相反 did/were should+do were to doWould/might/could/should+do例如： If I were you, I would not accept the job now. If I had left earlier yesterday, I would have caught the bus. If it should rain tomorrow I would not come. rained/ were to rain2、虚拟条件句的省略倒装形式：可把if 省掉把if 从句中的助动词had 或 should或were 提前到句首。例如： Were I you, I would not accept the job tomorrow. Had I left earlier yesterday, I woukd have caught the bus. Should it rain tomorrow, I would not come. Were it to rain tomorrow, I would not come.3、错综时间虚拟条件句（混合虚拟条件句）：表示if 从句发生的时间与主句不一致。主句从句根据各自句子动作发生的时间，选择动词形式。e.g. If you had followed my advice just now, you would get a better result now.4、含蓄虚拟条件句无if 从句而用其它的词/短语来代替if 从句。用介词：with/without/but for(要不是)例如： Without air, we would die now. If there were no air, we would die now. But for your help, I would have failed. If it had been for your help, I would have failed.用连词 or/otherwise(否则) but 等 I was busy yesterday or I would have come to your party. I was busy yesterday. If I hadnt been busy, I would have come to your party. I might have come to your party, but I was busy.用独立主格结构 Everything taken into considration, they would have finished it. If everything had been taken into consideration,(二)由as if/as though 引导方式状语从句表虚拟用法。其从句谓语动词形式：与现在事实相反 用过去时 did/were 与过去事实相反 用过去完成时 had done 与将来事实相反 用would/could/might/should+do例： Tom talks as if he knew everything now. Bill speaks as if he had been there before.(三)由even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句表虚拟其动词形式变化与if引导的虚拟条件句相同。例： Now he isnt in. Whats more, Even if he were here, he would not solve the problem.四、 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法。（一） 用于宾语从句 wish that1. wish 引导的宾语从句。译为：但愿真希望其谓语动词形式变化与现在事实相反 用did或were(过去时)与过去事实相反 用 过去完成时 had done与将来事实相反 用 would/could/might/should+do (过去将来时)例： I wish I were as strange as you. I wish I had come to the meeting yesterday. I wish he would go with me tomorrow.2. would rather(that)引导的宾语从句： 宁愿Would sooner=would just as soon=prefer其谓语动词形式变化：与现在事实相反 用did或were Id rather I were you now.与过去事实相反 用had done Id rather I had come here yesterday.与将来事实相反 用 did/were Id rather you came tomorrow.3.用于表示建议，要求，命令，坚持的动词后的宾语从句中.Vt+宾从（should）do坚持 insist e.g. He insisted that he(should) be seated in the front of the class.命令 order, command e.g. He ordered that everyone (should)finish it on time.建议 suggest, advise, propose, remmend.要求 demand, require, request, desire, urge, ask.e.g. He demanded the he(should) get a rise in position.口决：一个坚持两个命令四个建议六个要求注意： suggest 表示暗示 不用虚拟语气 用陈述语气（正常时态）A: He suggested(建议) we (should) leave at once.B: His look suggested(暗示) he was angry. (implied) insist 表坚持要求 用虚拟语气 表坚持认为用陈述语气（正常时态）A：I insisted that we(should) leave at once.B: I insisted that I was right.(二) 用于主语从句1. It is desired/suggested/required that 从句(should)+do should可省 P.P(表建议，要求，命令，坚持)e.g. It is required that everyone(should) obey the rule.2. It is strange/imporant/necessary/natural/a pity that 从句(should)+do should可省e.g It is strange that he (should) do such things.注意：此句式也可用陈述语气（正常时态） It is strange that he did such things.但是：优先选择前一种(should)+do should可省。(三) 用于表语从句与同位语从句在suggestion, proposal, order, demand, requirement, request, insistance 等表示建议，命令，要求,坚持的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气,构成形式：(should)+do should可省.e.g. My suggestion is that you(should) use this way.We all agreed to the suggestion that you(should) use the way.五、 虚拟语气在特殊句形中的运用1. It is (high/about) time (that) 句子 did到了时间 Should do (should不可省)e.g It is high time (that) we went to bed. It is high time (that) we should go to bed.注意：优先选择前一种用did 形式。2. 用if only 引导感叹句。 但愿/真希望/要是多好！ If only I were you!（语气更强） I wish I were you! If only+句子=wish+句子 If only 句子的动词形式变化与wish后的句子动词形式变化相同。e.g. If only I had seen the film yesterday. If only it would be sunny tomorrow.3. May+句子 表示祝愿注意：句子的谓语动词用原形 e.g. May you succeed. 祝你成功May you be happy forever. 祝你永远快乐Step Two 课堂练习. Choose the best answer:1. If there were no subjunctive moon, English_ mush easier.A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be2. Without electricity, human life_quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be3. If he_, he_that food. Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned;would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken4. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C.were broken D. had been broken5. The judge ordered that the thief _ punished.A. would be B. should be C. was to be D. must be6. I wish I_ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see7. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she_ a medical examination.A. be.should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has8. It is cecessary that you_ pressent at the discussion.A. will be B. are C. should be D. were9. Jill would rather we _ now, but we must go to work.A. not leave B. had not left C. didnt leave D. not to be left10. If only I _how to operate a computer as you do!A. had know B. would know C. should know D. knew Correct the mistake in each sentence.1. The rice would not have burnt if you had been more careful.2. It was suggested that the medicines were sent here by plane.3. What would happen if the earth would stop turning?4. Everyone has arrived. Its time we shall start.5. I would rather that they didnt travel during the bad weather,but they insist that they must returen home today.6. If I would have longer holidays I would be perfectly happy.7. I liked you better if you were quieter.8. If you worked harder last year, you would probably have passed your exam. 用所给动词的正确形式填空.(1) If people_(drive) more slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents.(2) If you had worked carefully, you_(not make) so many mistakes.(3) I wish I _(study) hard while I was young.(4) He talked as if he_(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I_(do) most of it.(5) Mr. Jones would rather_(stay) home.(6) Henry would rather that his brother_(work) in the same company as he does.(7) If she were in, she _(answer) the phone.(8) If you_(speak) more solwly, he might have understood you.(9) I wouldnt have believed it if I _(not see) it with my own eyes.(10) If I _(know) that it was such a long way. I _(take) a taxi.翻译填空（1） 我要是有你这样的一个哥哥该多好！_ _ I _ a brother like you!(2) 你难道不希望你的英语和他说得一样好吗？Dont you wish that you _ _ English as well as he?(3) 现在是认真研究这个问题的时候了。It is time we _ _ _ seriously.(4) 如果你没有开着窗户睡觉的话，你就不会感冒了。If you _ _ _ with the window open, you would not have caught a cold.(5) 你其实可以让我帮你的。It is suggested that we _ _ a speech contest.Step Three: 课后考点精析（一） 考点精析考点1：考查含蓄虚拟语气的运用考例1 I _ before, but I have been ill.A. had written B. have written C. would have written D. did write考例2 _ the fog, we should have reached the top of the hill.A. In spite of B. If there were no C. But for D. Beacause of考点2： 考查虚拟语气在insist 从句中的运用考例3 Some insisted that we_ an English evening at weekend, yet some insisted that they_ no interest in it at all.A. should hold; should have B. were going to hold; have C. hold ; took D. would hold; show考点3： 考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用考例4 My advice is that he_ so much.A. not smoke B. doesnt smoke C. wont smoke D. must not考点4： 考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用考例5 - If he_, he_that food. -Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned;would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken考点5： 考查虚拟语气在as if 从句中的运用考例6 He feels as if he_ on a cloud.A. is floating B. floated C. had floated D. were floating考点6： 考查虚拟语气在“It is(high)time (that)+从句中的运用”考例7 Its high time that he_rid of his bad habit.A. get B. gets C.must get D. got考点7： 考查虚拟语气在宾语从句的运用考例8 I wish I _ to the ball last night.A. went B. go C. should have gone D. had gone考点8： 考查虚拟语气在If only 从句中的运用考例9 _it would stop snowing!A. If only B. Only if C. Even if D. But for考点9： 考查虚拟语气的运用及sugges 用法考例10 The headmaster suggested me_ to see a doctor.A. I should go B. to go C. going D. we在线提示：考例1 解析：选C。 从”I have been ill”可知首句是对已经发生情况的相反假设。即If I had not been ill, I would have written before. 考例2 解析：选C。but for 意为“要不是”，其后的句子多用虚拟语气。but for the fog=If it had not been for the fog. 考例3 解析：选C。 第1个insist 作“坚持”解，从句陈述的是一个尚未做的事，故用虚拟语气；第2个insist作“力言”解，从句陈述的是一个事实，故用陈述语气。 考例4 解析：选A。 表语从句的主语是advice,故从句的虚拟语气用（should）not smale. 考例5 解析：答句he was sent 表明“他被送进医院”是过去的事实，首句则是对“他被送进医院”这一过去的事实进行假设；“要是有人告诫他，他就不会吃那样的食物了（言外之意是：正是他吃了那样食物，所以中毒被送进了医院）。”故叛定本题是对过去真实情况的一种相反假设。从句谓语动词用had+过去分词（该句为被动语态），主句谓动词用would+have+过去分词，故答为B。 考例6 解析：as if 后的从句是对目前情况的假设：“他感到像是在云上飘浮似的”，故选D。 考例7 解析：选D。 Its(high) time 后的从句常用虚拟语气。其动词表达方式用过去时或should+动词原形。如：Its time we went to bed./Its high time you started /should start. 考例8 解析：选D。 时间状语last night告诉我们wish后的从句是表达对过去事实的相反愿意：“我昨晚要是去舞会就好了。”