被动语态重点知识点总结

精品文档 1欢迎下载 被动语态复习 三步曲 被动语态是动词语态的一种形式 表示主语是动作的承受者 在历年的中考题中 都有 一定数量的考查被动语态的题目 因此 有必要对被动语态进行系统复习 第一曲 掌握被动语态的结构 被动语态由 助动词 及物动词的过去分词 构成 不同时态的被动语态的差异主要 体现在助动词 be 的变化上 同时助动词 be 还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致 现将初中阶 段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下 1 一般现在时的被动语态 am is are done 指及物动词的过去分词 下同 如 English is used all over the world 2 一般过去时的被动语态 was were done 如 The picture was painted two years ago 3 现在进行时的被动语态 am is are being done 如 The flowers are being watered by them now 4 现在完成时的被动语态 have has been done 如 The room has been cleaned 5 一般将来时的被动语态 will be going to be done 如 The work will be finished tomorrow 6 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be done 如 Your homework must be handed in today 其它几种特殊句型 It is said that It is well known that It is reported that have sth done 第二曲 掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态变为被动语态时 应走好以下三步 1 主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的 主语 2 主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式 3 主动结构的主语变为 介词 by 的宾语 组成介词短语 放在被动结构的谓语动词之后 在无须说明动作的执行者或 只强调动作的承受者时 by 短语可以省略 请看示范 主动语态 My brother repaired that bike yesterday 主语 谓语动词 宾语其余部分 被动语态 That bike was repaired by my brother yesterday 主语 谓语动词 by 宾语其余部分 对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查 主要在句型转换题目中出现 只要能够按照上 面介绍的方法去做 一般是能够做对的 第三曲 注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型 1 含有短语动词的被动语态 一般来说 只有及物动词才有被动语态 另外 许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构 成的短语动词 相当于及物动词 后面也可加宾语 在变被动语态时 注意不可丢掉后面的介 词或副词 常见的这类短语动词有 take care of look after take off look at send for look up 等 如 The old people should be taken good care of 2 含有双宾语的动词的被动语态 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时 应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语 另一 个宾语仍保留在原处 一种情况是把间接宾语 指人 变为主语 直接宾语 指物 不变 另一 精品文档 2欢迎下载 种情况是把直接宾语 指物 变为主语 间接宾语 指人 不变 这时 间接宾语前通常加介词 to 有时加 for 如 My father gave me a new book on my birthday I was given a new book by my father on my birthday 间接宾语作了主语 A new book was given to me by my father on my birthday 直接宾语作了 主语 3 带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态 带有复合宾语 宾语和宾语补足语 的主动语态变为被动语态时 只把宾语变为被动 语态的主语 原来的宾语补足语不动 同时 如果宾语补足语是省略 to 的动词不定式 变为 被动语态时 必须加上不定式符号 to 这类动词有 make let see hear watch 等 如 We find English very useful English is found very useful 宾语 宾补 I often hear him sing in his room He is often heard to sing in his room 宾语 宾补 4 有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义 这类动词有 wash sell smell taste sound feel 等 如 The books sell well The food tastes good 以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现 同学们在碰到类似题目时 应首先分析属于哪种 情况 然后再根据掌握的知识来做题 二 被动语态考点归纳 1 主动语态改为被动语态时 被动语态应和主动语态的时态保持一致 如 We speak English 改为被动语态 English by us 分析 此句主动语态为一般现在时态 被动语态也应用一般现在时态 因此 答案 应是 is spoken 2 注意被动语态的谓语结构 一般现在时是 am is are p p 一般过去时是 was were p p 现在完 成时是 have has been p p 现在进行时是 am is are being p p 含有情态动词的是 情态动词 be p p 有诗曰 被动语态须注意 谓语不离 be p p 主谓一致别忘记 进行 易丢一 个 be 注 p p 过去分词 如 We must take good care of our eyes 改为被动语态 Our eyes must good care of 分析 此句中含有情态动词 must 那么 我们根据 情态动词 be p p 的公式 可知 答案应是 be taken 3 注意句中主谓语的一致关系 如 Tea grow in southeast of China and India 分析 此句中主语 tea 是不可数名词 作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式 而此句说 明的又是一自然现象 因此就应用一般现在时态 所以 答案应是 is grown 4 注意复合宾语的变化 如 They couldn t make the cow go 改为被动语态 分析 the cow go 在句中作 make 的复合宾语 一般情况下 变为被动语态后 宾 语补足语的结构形式 所处位置原封不动地保存下来 但 make have let see 精品文档 3欢迎下载 watch hear 等后原可省的 to 要还原回来 显然 此句中 the cow go 中省去的 to 应 还原回来 因此答案应是 The cow couldn t be made to go 5 注意双宾语的变化 如 Mr Smith showed the students two pictures yesterday 改为被动语态 Two pictures the students by Mr Smith 分析 变为被动语态时 双宾语中的任何一个皆可变为主语 一般变直接宾语 但 间接宾语前必须加上介词 to 或 for 此句中显然是把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语 那么 间接宾语前须加上介词 to 所以答案应是 were shown to 6 注意短语动词中的 小词 如 The old men and the children in our country A must take good care B must be taken good care C must be taken good care of D must take good care of 分析 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体 应当做一个词来看待 变成被动语态后 小词 不能丢弃 因此 此题答案应是 C UNIT5 直接引语变间接引语 一 句式的变化 1 陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句 that 在口语中常省略 She said Our train will arrive in five minutes She said that their train would arrive in five minutes He said I m very busy He said that he was very busy 2 一般疑问句变成 if whether 引导的宾语从句 He said Can you swim John He asked John if he could swim The teacher said Have you all understood me The teacher asked if we had all understood him If whether 的用法主要区别点 a whether 可与 or not 连用 I don t know whether he will come or not b 与介词连用 We are talking about whether he will win c 与不定式连用 I can t decide whether to go with you 3 特殊疑问句变为由 who what when 等疑问词引导的宾语从句 George said When will you get back from Shanghai Mike George asked Mike when he would get back from Shanghai He said Where are you going He asked where I was going 4 祈使句变为动词不定式 表示命令时常用 tell 表示请求时常用 ask Don t 变 为 not The teacher said to the boy Open the window The teacher told the boy to open the window His father said to him Don t leave the door open His father told him not to leave the door open 5 反意疑问句 变为由 if whether 引导的宾语从句 She asked me You have seen the film haven t you She asked me if whether I had seen the film 6 选择问句 变为 whether or 精品文档 4欢迎下载 I asked him Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night 7 直接引语是感叹句时 变间接引语时可用 what 或 how 引导 有时也可用 that 引导 She said What a lovely day it is She said what a lovely day it was She said that it was a lovely day 二 时态的变化 附 时态不变的几种情况 1 如主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时 则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语 的原来时态 He says I m very busy today He says that he is very busy today He will say I have watered the flowers He will say that he has watered the flowers 2 直接引语如果是客观真理 事实 格言等内容时 变间接引语时 时态不变 例 He said Light travels much faster than sound 他说 光传播的速度 要比声音快得多 He said that light travels much faster than sound 3 直接引语是书信 新闻报道等相关内容时 变间接引语时 时态不变 4 直接引语说的是一个人习惯的动作时 变间接引语时 时态不变 5 转述正在进行的对话时 变间接引语时 时态不变 6 直接引语有具体的表示过去的时间时 变间接引语时 时态不变 7 when 和 since 引导的时间状语从句时 变间接引语时 时态不变 否则 如主句谓语动词为过去时 则间接引语中的动词应由现在时变为过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 三 时间状语的变化 now then last month the month before toight that night today that day three days ago three days before tomorrow the next day this week that week next month the next month yesterday the day before the day after tomorrow in two days 例 She said I went there yesterday 她说 我昨天去那儿了 She said that she had gone there the day before 她说她前一天去那儿了 四 人称的变化 直接引语变为间接引语相当于把直接引语变为宾语从句 因此直接引语的人称要做相 应的变化 直接引语的主语为第一人称时 变为间接引语要和主句的主语保持一致 He said I will go to Beijing tomorrow He said that he would go to Beijing the next day 直接引语的主语为第二人称时 要和主句的宾语保持一致 例 He said to me You will leave tomorrow He told me that I would 精品文档 5欢迎下载 leave the next day 直接引语是第三人称为主语时 变间接引语时不变 例 He said to me My sister will leave tomorrow He told me that his sister would leave tomorrow He said to us They want to come He told us that they wanted to go 五 其它变化 指示代词的变化 this that these those She said I will come this morning 她说 我今天上午来 She said that she would go that morning 她说她那天上午去 地点状语的变化 here there He said My sister was here three days ago 他说 我姐姐三天前在这儿 He said that his sister had been there three days before 他说他姐姐三天前 去那儿 谓语动词的变化 come go She said I will come here tomorrow 她说 我明天来这 She said that she would go there the next day 她说她第二天去那儿 中考宾语从句常见错误例析 宾语从句是中考的考点 也是英语学习中的难点 现将宾语从句的常见错误作一归纳 分析 一 连接词的错误例 1 He asked there was a bookshop in the street A that B what C how D whether 错解 A 剖析 ask 表明了宾语部分含有询问意思 而 that 不能引导疑问语气的句子 引导一般疑问句通常用 whether 或 if 正解 D 例 2 Tell me you will go with us or stay at home A if B whether C that D how 错解 A 剖析 在引导宾语从句时 if 和 whether 通常可以互换 但有些情况是不能 互换的 如果从句中提出了两种选择 或从句中有 or not 结构的时候 只能用 whether 正解 B 二 语序的错误例 1 He wanted to know A when would the holiday begin B that he had come back from Beijing C which one did I like best D how he could get to the station 错解 A 或 C 剖析 宾语从句的从句部分必须用陈述句语序 而 A C 为疑问句语序 正解 D 例 2 I wonder A who broke the window B who the window broke C whose coat is this D what is the population of China 错解 B C 或 D 剖析 C D 都是疑问句语序 此处需使用陈述句语序 B 貌似陈述句 语序 但实际上连接词 who 同时是从句的主语 而 the window 则应是 broke 的宾语 正解 A 例 3 I don t know A which room I can live B which room can I live C which room I can live in D which room can I live in 错解 A 剖析 如果连接词在宾语从句中充当不及物动词后介词的宾语 并被放到从 句句首时 不及物动词后面的介词不能少 正解 C 精品文档 6欢迎下载 三 时态运用的错误例 1 Long long ago people didn t know the earth round the sun A moving B moved C moves D went 错解 B 或 D 剖析 在学习宾语从句时 我们知道有一个规则 就是一般情况下主从 句的时态要考虑 一致性 原则 但当宾语从句表示的是科学真理 格言 客观事实或其 他不受时间限制 影响 客观存在的事物时 宾语从句的动词时态不受主句时态的限制 仍可用一般现在时 正解 C 例 2 Could you tell me A when he will come back B when will he come back C when would he come back D when he would come back 错解 D 剖析 Could 在这里不表示过去时态 而是表示语气的委婉 是客气的请求 正解 A 以上例析 基本涵盖了中考宾语从句的不同考点 希望它能给你的学习带来些许帮助 UNIT6 It 句型归纳 1 It is was 形容词 for of sb 动词不定式短语 对于这个句型中究竟用 for 还是用 of 一般遵循这样的规则 如果形容词仅仅是描述 事物的形容词 如 difficult easy hard important dangerous 等用 for 如果形 容词是描述不定式行为者的性格 品质的 如 kind good nice clever 等则用 of 如 It is interesting to play with snow in winter 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的 It s important for us to keep the water clean 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重 要的 It s very kind of you to say so 你这样说真是太好了 注意 这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词 连系动词 be 也可换用其它连系动词 如 feel 等 如 It s a good habit to get up early and go to bed early 早睡早起 是好习惯 It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球 一定很有趣 It feels strange to have a twin sister 有个孪生