省略(Ellipsis).doc

省略(Ellipsis)Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵） Look at these sentences and decide with your partner which words have been left out. A. Sounds like a good idea. B. Doesn t matter.C. Pardon?. D. Like some more tea? E. Pity you cant come. F. I ll be glad to if invited to the party.G. -Do you know her telephone number? -No, Ive forgotten.H .What a beautiful picture! Some of the words in the following sentences are unnecessary. Cross them outv A. They took photos, they swam and they played. v B. Although she knows how to dive, she does not want to dive.v C. She could not decide whether to go on a voyage or not to go on a voyage.v D. We tested the depth of the water and the temperature of the water.v E. She can hold her breath longer than I can hold my breath.v F. He would be happy once he is invited.考点1.在对话中的省略Eg.1.-How is your mother today? - (She is ) much better. 2.-Lets go and have a good drink tonight. -What (shall we go and have a good drink tonight)for? Have you got the first prize in the competition?考点2.不定式符号to的省略 l 在see,watch,hear,feel,observe,notice,listen to等感官动词或短语及make,have,let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语” 结构中,不定式前省略to,若变被动还原to。 eg. The teacher always has us do much work.l I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. （当几个不定式并列时，一般只需在第一个不定式前用to） l What we could do was (to) get away.（主语从句中有do，则作表语的动词不定式常省略to）l There is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. （介词but前如有do，but后可省略to） 考点3.不定式后动词的省略 w 动词love, like, mean, want , expect, hope, intend, plan, refuse, tell, ask, advise, wish,以及 be happy/glad/eager/ready/willing等后面接不定式时，为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的动词，只保留不定式符号to,但to后有be或have（完成时）则不可省。w Eg. I didnt want to go there, but I had to (go there). w -He hasnt finished the task yet. w -Well, he ought to have (finished the task ) 高考链接： 1. As youve never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the way. A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed 2. Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all, _ . A. I have no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to 3. Does your brother intend to study German? Yes, he intends _ . A. / B. to C. so D. that 4. Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? _ . A. Yes, Id like to go to the Grand Theatre B. Id like to, but I have an exam tomorrow C. No, I wont D. Thats right 5. You should have thanked her before you left. I meant _ , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to 考点3.宾语从句中的省略1）由which,when,where,how和why 引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。Please pass me one of these books, I dont care which (you pass me).2)在Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与not分别代替前面所说的肯定或否定内容。-Do you think it will rain? -I hope not (that it will not rain).注：否定时hope/ guess只用I hope not和I guess not.而其它动词可用I think not或I dont think so.考点4.状语从句中的省略1)由when，while，as, once，whenever, if，unless, though，although，even if ，even though, as though，as if，wherever引导的状语从句，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。 Though (he is) young, he knows a lot. Please come as soon as (it is) possible. 2)以as,than 引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。After half a hour, she become quieter (than she had been.) 高考链接： 1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 5. Though _ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 6. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 7. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 考点5.在限定性定语从句中 作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same. as和such. as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；在含被动语态的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。 (1).Ill give you all (that) I have. (2).Tom has as many books as Jack（has many books）.(3).The problem (which is ) being discussed is very important.高考链接： 1. You re always working. Come on, lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping. A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That 2. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 4. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ hes done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D. that 考点6.在虚拟句中 if和should的省略在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had, were, should时,省略if,可以把had, were, should放在句首。If I had seen the film, I would have told you something about it.在表示建议，要求，命令等时，相关的名词性从句谓语动词要用should +动词原形，其中should 可以省略。 He suggested that she( should )go at once. 高考链接： 1. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 2. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not 考点7.在neithernor或so结构中的省略 Neithernor或so引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定或肯定内容表示同样的看法，也是一种省略句。 She wont go. NeitherNor will I. He went to the film last night. So did I. 注意：- It is cold today. - So it is and so was it yesterday. 高考链接： 1. I didnt know what was on his mind at the time, nor did _ . A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else 2. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither_ any end to their influence on mans lives. A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 3. I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! _ . A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I 惯用的省略结构1.无动词祈使句,无主句祝愿句,这类句子往往用感叹号. If only I could remember his name!2.固定句型How/What about + n/pron/-ing What about some more milk?3.Why not +省去to的动词不定式。 Why not go at once?Exercises:1 -The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? -_ A I guess not so B I dont so C I dont guess so D I guess not 2 -Tom is an honest boy -_,I still dont believe in him A Though B As though C Even if D Even so3 When _about the accident, he told us about it . A asking B having asked C you asked D asked4 -Its said that there will be a football match in our school. -Yes, but I dont know_ A where B it is where C when D when is it5 -Jim has passed the college entrance examination. -_, and_. A So he has; so you have B So has he; so you have C So has he; so have you D So he has; so have you6 If_, you ought to contribute to the poverty- stricken areas. A it necessary B is necessary C you are necessary D necessary7 -You must do as I tell you. -Oh, I must,_ A should I B ought I C mustnt I D must I8 _the Great Wall from the sky, we find it more beautiful. A When we will see B When seen C Seeing D Having been seen 9-Are you