小学和初中英语语法精讲及习题训练(非常详细)

七年级英语语法强化训练Contents专题一 代词专题二 名词专题三 冠词专题四 数词专题五 形容词专题六 副词专题七 介词专题八 情态动词专题九 动词专题十 一般现在时专题十一 现在进行时专题十二 一般过去时专题十三 一般将来时专题十四 简单句专题十五 并列句专题十六 There be 句型参考答案 另附一个文件夹专题一 代词目标定位1熟练掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式以及基本用法，并能在口语和书面表达中正确运用。初学者应重点关注主格和宾格。2掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基本用法。形容词性物主代词多用作定语；名词 性物主代词多用作主语和宾语。3掌握反身代词作为宾语的基本用法。4掌握指示代词和疑问代词的基本用法。尤其是this和that，it与one的区别。疑问代词中重点把握which与what，who的区别。5掌握常见的不定代词和复合不定代词的含义和用法。这部分是难点，应结合具体语境练习。重点把握both与all，either与neither，each与every，the other与another，none与no one的 区别。 第一课时语法梳理一、 代词的定义及分类不定代词 人称代词关系代词 物主代词 代词的分类疑问代词 指示代词相互代词 反身代词 代词是代替名词或相当于名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。在句子中使用代词是为了避免同一名词的重复出现。英语中的代诃按其意义、特征及在句子中的作用可分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。二、人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称YouyouYouYou第三人称hehimtheythemsheHeritit1人称代词的主格形式作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。如： I am a teacher. You are a student. He is a student, too. 我是老师，你是学生，他也是学生。 We/You/They are students.我们你们他们是学生。2人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。 Give it to me.把它给我。 Lets (lets =let us)go.我们走吧。三、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，也可叫代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人称和数的变化见下表： 数人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词( my/your/his/her/its/our/their)后面接名词，而名词性物主词则相当于“形容词性物主代词十名词”，故其后不必加名词。如： -Is this your book? 这是你的书吗？ -No，it isnt. Its hers(her book)。不是，是她的。This pen is mine.这支钢笔是我的。四、反身代词 myself我自己 yourself你自己 himself他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己 ourselves我们自己 yourselves你们自己 themselves他们自己 功能 1.在句中作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，表示“亲自”等意。 2.用在一些固定搭配中。如：come to oneself恢复知觉，teach oneself自学如： I did my homework myself.我自己完成了作业。1 want to see the manager himself.我要见经理本人。五、疑问代词 1. who /whom /whose (1)who在句中做主语、表语和动词宾语。 （2）whom是who的宾格形式，在句中作宾语。 （3）whose在句中作主语、宾语和表语。 2. what/ who (1)what 询问事物或某人的职业。 （2）who询问，某人的身份、姓名。 3. which（1）what指不定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些”，没有一定选择范围。 （2）which指一定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些”，有一定的选择范围。如：1(l)Who runs faster?谁跑得更快？ Who did you speak to? 你在跟谁说话？ (2)With whom did you go to school? 你同谁去了学校？ (3)Whose pen is this? 这是谁的钢笔？2(1)What is your father?你父亲是干什么的？ (2)Who is the man? 这个男人是谁？ Who is your best friend? 你最好的朋友是谁?3(1)What colour do you like?你喜欢什么颜色？(2)Which colour do you like better, red or green? 你喜欢哪种颜色，红色还是绿色？如：如：1(l)Would you like some soup?你想喝些汤吗？ (2)1 dont have any friend here.在这儿我没有任何朋友。2(1) Many of my classmates like pop songs.我许多同学都喜欢流行音乐。 (2)Much of the homework has been done.大部分家庭作业都做完了。 另外，many和much都可以与表示程度副词so，too. as，how连用。如： There are so many mistakes in your composition.你作文中的错误真多。 There was too much rain this summer.这个夏季雨太多。3either和neither常构成固定搭配“either/neither of+名词/代词复数十动词单数”。 (l) Either of my parents is a teacher我父母中有一个是老师。 (2)Neither of them can come today.他们没有一个能今天来。4(1) Both Lucy and Mary are Americans.露西和玛丽都是美国人。 (2)AII the students are waiting for the English teacher.所有的学生都在等待英语老师。5(1) I write to Lily each week.我每周都给莉莉写信。 Each of us likes watching TV.我们每一个人都喜欢看电视。 (2)Every student needs to be careful when crossing the street. 过马路的时候学生都应当小心。6(1) Lily is taller than any other student.莉莉比其他任何一位同学都高。 (2)I want another apple.我还要一个苹果。 (3)I have some story books. Some are in Chinese, others are in English. 我有一些故事书，一些是汉语的，还有一些是英语的。 (4)There are two apples. One is for me, the other is for you. 有两个苹果，一个是给我的，另一个是给你的。 (5)These four books are mine，the others are yours.这四本书是我的，余下的都是你的。7(1)There is little time left.没有多少时间了。 There is only a little milk in the glass.杯子里只有一点儿牛奶。 (2)There are few bananas in the basket.篮子里几乎没有香蕉了。 A few of us agree with him.我们只有几个人赞同他。，七复合不定代词 some类: someone, somebody, somethingany类： anyone， anybody， anythingevery类：everyone， everybody， everythingno类： none， nobody， nothing 1some类复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中。用于疑问句时表示说话者希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议。如： There is someone who wants to speak to you.有人想和你说话。 Would you like something to eat? 你想要吃些什么？2any类复合不定代词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，用于肯定句时表示“任何”之意。 Is anybody here?这儿有人吗？ Anyone of you can give me a hand.你们谁帮我一下。3由-one和-body构成的复合不定代词可以相互换用。如： anyone -anybody; someone-somebody; everyone-everybody 如： 1.I saw a movie yesterday. It was interesting. 我昨天看了一场电影，它很有趣。 2.Is that Lucy speaking? 是露西吗？ -Yes, it is(=Yes, this is Lucy speaking.)是的，我是。 3The baby is crying. It might be hungry.婴儿正在哭，它可能饿了。 Someone is knocking at the door. Who might it be?有人在敲门。可能是谁呢？ 4.It is rainy today.今天是雨天。Its about 20 minutes walk from here to the theatre.从这儿到剧院大约20分钟步行的路程。5. (l) Its hard for me to sing an English song.对我来说，唱英语歌很难。 (2)Its time to go to school/ Its time for school.该上学了。 (3)It seems that he has been ill for a long time.似乎他病了一段时间。 (4)Its clear that you are doing wrong.很明显依做错了。 (5)Its your turn to answer my question轮到你回答问题了。6. I feel it necessary to practise speaking English every day.我觉得有必要每天都练习说英语。基础训练 I .选出括号中正确的词 。 l. This is _ (my/l) mother. 2. Nice to meet _ (your/you). 3._ (He/His) name is Mark. 4. Whats_ (she/her) name? 5. Excuse_ (me/my/l). 6. Are_ (your/you) Miss Li? 7. _ (I/My) am Ben. 8. _ (She/Her) is my sister. 9. Fine, thank _ (your/you). 10. How old is _ (he/his)? . 用所给词的正确形式填空。 l. These are_ (he) brothers. 2.That is _ (she) sister. 3. Lily is _ (Lucy) .sister.4. Tom, this is_ (me) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _ (she parent) are in America. 6. Do you know _ (it) name? 7. Thanks for helping _ (I).8. _ (Ann)mother is _ (we) teacher. 选出括号中正确的词将句子补充完整。 l. (He, Him, His) mother is waiting for_outside. (he, him, his, himself) 2. _ love country. (we, our, us) 3. (She, Her, Hers) is a good writer, but I dont read any books of (she, her, hers) 4. -Who is it? -Its _ (I, me) 5. Mr. Brown is a friend of . (my, mine, me) 6. -This is dictionary. ( my, mine, me) where is _? (your, yours) -Its over there, on the table. 7. The little boy is too young to look after_ (him, his, himself). 8. I hope all of you can enjoy _ at the party. (yourself, yourselves) 9. The children did the washing_ (himself, themselves) 10. These pens are _ (you, your, yours). Where are_? (us, our, ours) 11. Think for and youll get the answer. (you, your. yours. yourself) 12. I want the manager , not his secretary. (him, her, himself, herself) . 13. Look at the photo. The girl beside _is Nancy. (I, my, me,mine) 14. Yesterday was Dads birthday. I gave _ a scarf as a present. (his, him, he) 15. Please remember : Where there is a will, there is a way. (this, that) 16. He is ill_ was why he was absent at the meeting. (This, That) 17. -Who is ? (this, that, you) -_ is Jim speaking. (It, This) 18. The flowers inside are more beautiful than outside. (ones, that, those, these) 19. With do you want to go? (who, whom) 20 - _ are you? (Who, What) -I am a student. 21. - is that man? (What, Who) -He is my teacher, Mr. Green. 22. is more interesting, this book or that?(What, Which) 23. There arent students in classroom. ( some, any) 24. Look! boys are playing football. (Some, Any) .; 25. Would you like coffee? (some, any) -Yes, please. 26. He has too work to do. (many, much) 27. How bottles of orange do you want to buy? (many, much) 28. Lily, Lucy and Kate want to stay here. (both, all) 29. _of us hopes to have free weekends. (Every, Each) 30. Hold it in this hand, not _ hand. (other, another, the other) IV .根据句意用适当的代词填空 。 l. Help _ to _ fish, Li Lei. 2. You are smoking too _. Youll have to give up. 3. There arent _ people near here who can help me. 4. Why dont you ask your parents for_ money? 5. I have got_ important to tell you. 6. The twins went to the movie, so_ of them was at home. 7. No one helped Mary. She did it all by _. 8. I cant find the pen I was given Have _ you seen_ ? 9. -We have to be quick. The train starts at 10：35. -Dont worry. There is_ time to go.10. - is in the classroom. Where are the students? -They have all gone to the library.11. I asked him for some oil, but he didnt have_.12. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a friend of _ 13. - is her husband? -The man on the bike.14. -Whats the weather like today? - _ is sunny.V将下列句子译成英语。1他喜欢你甚于我喜欢你。_.2他喜欢你甚于他喜欢我。_.3你、我、他都按时回来了。 _.4他每天都自己穿衣服。 _.5昨天我买了一台收音机，可它效果不好。_.6这两个男孩都不聪明。_.7我不喜欢这个，你能给我再拿一个吗？ _.8我的词典丢了。我能用一下你的吗？ _.9我们相互向家人问好。 _.10.我对加拿大的文化知道得很少。_.第二课时疑难拓展疑难点一：几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式( you，he and I)，复数形式(we，you and they)。但如果是承担责任要受责备时，其顺序是：单数形式(I，he and you)，复数形式(we，they and you)。如： You，he and I are of the same age.你、我、他年龄一样大。I and Han Mei broke the window.我和韩梅把窗户打破了。疑难点二：人称代词单独使用时，常用宾格而不是主格。如： -You are supposed to help Jim你应该帮助吉姆。 -Why me? 为什么是我呢？疑难点三：who/whom作宾语时，常可换用，但who不能直接放在介词后作宾语。如： Who/Whom are you looking for? 你在找谁？ With whom did you go to the concert? 你跟谁去看音乐会了？疑难点四：“some/any of+ ”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。如： Some of the food is bread.其中一些食物是面包。Some of them agree，but some of them dont.他们中有些人同意，但是有些人不同意。疑难点五：some表示“一些”时，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。some修饰可数名词单数时，只表示“某个”，相当于a certain。如： Some person is downstairs waiting to see you.楼下有个人在等着见你。疑难点六: either和any作“任何”讲时，either表示“两者中的任何一个”，any表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”。如： We plant trees on either side of the street.我们在街道的两边都种了树。 You can choose any person in the room.你可以选择房间里面的任何人。疑难点七: each作同位语时，谓语动词应和真正的主语保持一致。如：We each have a gift from our teachers我们每个人都收到了一份我们老师送的礼物。疑难点八: another可以作形容词，表示“另外的，又，再”，构，成“another+数词十名词”结构。如：Youll have to go another two miles before you get there.到达那儿前, 你还得再走两英里 路。疑难点九：表示“两者中的一个另一个”用onethe other；表示“三者或三者以上中的一个另一个”用one another 如： I have two good friends. One is a doctor, the other is an English teacher.我有两个好朋友。一个是医生，另一个是英语老师。疑难点十 : quite a little“很多”，相当于much。quite a few“很多”，相当于many。如： We neednt hurry. Theres quite a little time left.我们不必着急，还有很多剩余时间呢。 There are quite a few vegetables in the fridge.冰箱里有很多蔬菜。疑难点十一：形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，放在复合不定代词之后如： Theres nothing important in todays newspaper. 在今天的报纸上没有什么重要的报道。 You have got one. III give this one to somebody else. 你已经有了一个，我将把这个给其他人。疑难点十二：no one指代人，对其提问用who，其后不跟of结构。none指代人或物，对其提问用how many/much，其后可跟of结构。如： None of them believed his story.他们中没有一个人相信他的故事。 -Who knows the answer to the question? 谁知道这道题的答案？ -No one.没有人（知道）。能力提升.单项选择。 ( )l. -Your bag is quite nice. Where did you buy ? -In Beijing. Do you want to have_ like this? A. it; one B. it; it C. one; it D. one; one ( ) 2. - _ does your cousin look like? -Hes tall and thin. A. What B. Where C. Who D. Which ( )3. pencil-box is beautiful. But_ is more beautiful than_. A. Tom; my; he B. Toms; mine; is C. Toms; mine; him D. Toms; my; his( )4. Dont you let help you? A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me D. me and my friend ( )5. -Are these books yours? -Yes. are A. They; ours B. They; our C. My; them D. Them; I ( ) 6. Dont worry. Theres _ wrong with you, said the doctor. A. nothing B. everything C. something D . anything ( )7. I cant repair the model ship . Can you help _ ? A. me; me B. myself; myself C. myself; me D. me; myself ( ) 8. -Hainan is really a beautiful city and therere many places of interest. -So it is. Why not stay here for two days? A. other B. others C. the other D. another( )9. Look! There are many tall buildings on side of the street. A. both B. either C. all D. neither( )10. -Is ready for the sports meeting? -No. We havent got a pair of sports shoes. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything.( ) 11. -Which tie is more suitable for me, the blue one or the colourful one? -I have no idea. Youd better take them_. A. all B. each C. every D. both( )12. -Five cakes, please! -Only one cake left. Would you like to have _ little girl? A. one B. it C. this D. that ( )13. -Have you sent your parents an e-mail telling them you arrived safely? -No._ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All ( )14. -_did Mr. Wang leave in a hurry? - Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows? A. How B. Where C. For what D. With whom ( )15. Mr. Li has two children._ is a driver, and _ is a teacher. A. One; another B. ()ne; the other C. One; other D. ()ne; others ( ) 16. Be quiet! I have _ to tell you. A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important ( ) 17. I dont think weve met before. Youre taking me for_. A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. else someone ( )18. -Lucy, go and clean the floor. -Why _? A. I B. myself C. me D. my ( )19. -1 saw Jim in the club. But he didnt speak to me _ evening. -Maybe he didnt see you. A. all Bevery Ceither Danother下列各句中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1. Dont leave little Tom at home by him. 误：_ 正：_.2. Whom do you think is the tallest in your class7 误:_ 正：_.3. He covered his eyes with hands. 误：_ 正：_.4. A friend of me has gone abroad. 误：_ 正：_.5. None of the two boys are good at English. 误：_ 正：_.6. Here are three apples. You can take either of them. 误：_ 正：_.7. What do you like better, this one or that one7 误：_ 正：_.8. Please pass me the boxes, the one under the table. 误：_ 正：_9. Little of them have been to America. 误：_ 正：_ 10. There are too much mistakes in your diary. 误:_ 正：_11. Many of my friends lives abroad. 误：_ 正：_12.May I keep the book little longer? 误：_ 正：_13. We neednt hurry. We have little time left. 误：_ 正：_.14. The books on the table are newer than ones in my schoolbag. 误：_ 正： _ 15. Neither of the films we saw last night are good. 误：_ 正: _将画线部分改为作宾语的人称代词，使下列各句成为完整的句子。1.The Smiths are at home. The children are with _.2. I want to have a hamburger. Can you show _ the way to the McDonalds?3. Jack, come here! Dad wants to talk to _.4. Mummy is tired. Please help _ clean the kitchen.5. We are having a party. Come to join_.疑难突破: . 用适当的代词填空，完成短文。 1 name is Tom. 2 live with my grandparents and parents in a small town. My grandfather has no hair. 3 head is bald（秃头的）. My grandmother likes to tie（系，扎） 4 hair at the back as a tuft（发髻）. 5 both retired（退休的）. 6 only son is my father. _ got married with my mother ten years ago. 8 used to be（过去是）a