★英语写作技巧.doc

Chapter One 文章开头句型1-1 对立法：先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,1. When asked about., the vast of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently.2. When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter .)3. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that . They claim/believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether.1-2 现象法：引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论.1. Recently the rise in problem of . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.2. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. (has been braught to public attention)3.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.1-3 观点法：开门见山,直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.1. Never history has the change of . been as evident as .Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of . been more visible/popular than.2. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.3. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to.Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of .4. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.1-4 引用法：先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点.1. Knowledge is power. such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.Now more and more people share his opinion.2. How often we hear such statements/words like theses /this .In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this .1-5 比较法：通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.1. For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing people2. People used to think that . (In the past, .) But people now share this new .1-6 故事法 ：先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.1. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt . The phenomenon of . has aroused public concern.2. I have a friend who . Should he . ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.3. Once upon a time , there lived a man who . This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.1-8 问题法：先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.Should/What . ? Options of . vary greatly , some ., others .But in my opinion , . .Chapter 2 文章中间主体内句型 原因结果分析3-1-1 基本原因：析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.1. Why . ? For one thing. For another .2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing.For another. Still another .3. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect ./both individual and social contribute to .3-1-2 另一原因：在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!1. Another important factor is .2. . is also responsible for the change/problem.3. Certainly , the . is not the sole reason for .3-1-3 后果影响：分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .1. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on.2. In involves some serious consequence for . 比较对照句型3-2-1 者比较“比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 1. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.2. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.3. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.3-2-2 两者相同/相似：比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!1. A and B have several things in common. They are similar in that.2. A bears some striking resemblances to B.Chapter Three 文章结尾形式2-1 结论性：通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .2. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .2-2 后果性：揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.1. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of . , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .2. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that . will be put in danger .2-3 号召性：呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.1. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of .2. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency .2-4 建议性：对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.1. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is . Another method is . 2. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.2-5 方向性的结尾方式：其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 1. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .2. There is no quick method to the issue of ., but . might be helpful/beneficial.3. The great challenge today is . There is much difficulty ,but .2-6 意义性的结尾方式：从更高的更新的角度指出问题的重要性以及其深远意义.1. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .2. In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .英语作文连词经典汇总1.并列补充关系：what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition, 2.转折关系：but, however, yet, instead, although, though, different from, conversely ,anyway, despite, like ,wise, nevertheless ,otherwise, after all, all the same (虽然,但是) at the same time (可是) not withstanding(虽然) on the contrary, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not onlybut also, herethere, years agotoday, thisthat, the formerthe latter, thennow, the firstwhereas the second, oncenow, on handon the other hand, someothers 3.因果关系：since, as, because (of)/in that/as a result of , for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, lead to ,result in (from), 4.递进关系：furthermore, whats more ,moreover, incidentally, meanwhile, besides, particularly. similarly at the same time , in addition,5.条件关系：if, on the condition (that), as /so long as, unless, or else,6.时间关系：when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century , now, after, presently, later, afterward, somewhat later（稍后）, finally, at last, all of a sudden 7.特定的顺序关系：above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last, 8.换一种方式表达：in other words, that is to say, to put it another way, 9.进行举例说明：for instance, for example, like, such as, 10.陈述事实：in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth 11.总结：on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary.12表示原因：The reasons for this are as follows. The reason for this is not far to seek.13表示好处：It has the following advantages. It is of great benefit to us.14表示坏处：It has more disadvantages than advantages. It does us much harm. It is harmful to us. 15表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能：We think it necessary to do sth. It plays an important role in our life. It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb. to do sth. 16表示措施：We should try our best to overcome the difficulties. We should do our utmost in doing sth. We should solve the problems that we are faced with.17表示变化：Some changes have taken place in the past five years. A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications.18表示事实、现状：We cannot ignore the fact that. No one can deny the fact that. This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 19表示比较：Compared with A，B. I prefer to read rather than watch TV. There is a striking contrast between them. 20表示看法：People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth. (一) 段落开头常用词语As far as. is concerned 就而言，就而论As the proverb goes 有句谚语说道 There is an old saying 俗话说（常言道）What calls for special attention is that. 值得引起特别注意的是(二)表示举例常用词语An interesting example is that. 一个有趣的例子是As is shown by the case of. 正如同的例子说明，（三）表对比和转折conversely 相反的是 on the contrary 恰恰相反similarly 与之相似地 whereas. 可是（四）表因果Thanks to. 因为多亏 Therefore，. 所以lead to 导致lie in 在于（五）表递进和补充furthermore 还有in addition 另外whats more 另外（六）表强调more importantly， 更重要的是undoubtedly 毫无疑问（七）表结论To make (cut) a long story short，. 简而言之Therefore，we have every reason to believe that. 所以我们有理由相信（一）用于文章主题句1. 不用说 It goes without saying that = (It is) needless to say (that) = It is obvious that = Obviously, S. + V.例It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours. 不用说早睡早起是值得的例The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.2. 就我的看法；我认为 In my opinion, = To my mind = As far as I am concerned = I am of the opinion that 3. 就我所知 As far as my knowledge is concerned, 4. 根据我个人经验 According to my personal experience = Based on my personal experience5. 世上没有什么比更令我高兴。Nothing in the world can delight me so much as （二）用于中间段落句 1. 相反，有一些人赞成，他们相信，而且他们认为On the contrary，there are some people in favor of _. At the same time，they say_.2. 但是，我认为这不是解决的好方法，比如最糟糕的是But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _.For example，_.Worst of all，_.3.对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的。首先，。而且，最重要的是 is necessary to our countries development and construction. First, Whats more, Most important of all5. 面临我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来 一方面，另一方面，Confronted withwe should take a series of effective measures to. For one thing，For another（三）用于文章承转句1. 那就是说 That is to say, = That is, = Namely, 2.基于这个理由 For this reason 为了这个目的 For this purpose3. 然而很可惜的是However, it is a pity that 4. 别人可能认为，但我不是，我认为 It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that 5. 这样说来，假如，当然毫无疑问地 In this light, if, there can surely be no doubt (that) 6. 更严重的是 What is more serious is (that) （四）用于结尾句1. In conclusion, I believe that _. We can _only if _.2. In my opinion, what really counts is not _, but _. 3. I believe that as long as _, we will _. So I am of the opinion that _.4. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that _.5. All in all, we cannot live without _. But at the same time, we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.The Elegant Heart Towards LifeAs the brief introduction to this blog says, life could be poor and life could be lonely, but what we could never lose is the elegant heart towards life. Everyone is busy these days. They are always driven by their lives, buterehwis their destination? Something important is gradually cast away carelessly and some begin to complain of the boring mechanic life with no vitality with nothing new. Actually we are the producers of our lives. Whether poor or lonely, we can live our lives elegantly. Pay more attention to what we are really interested in and do it. Call our friends and family for daily greetings. Occasionally go out for a walk and a climb and do some sports. Occasionally dine in a quiet clean and elaborately arranged restrourrant with our best friends and have a casual chat with them in a cafe whenever we have the mood. Arrange our room in a tidy way and sometimes changepuorgof daily articles, and buy our vase a bunch of flowers. Spend one afternoon reading our favorite magazines without doing anything else. Surely we are busy, but dont let the busy life destroy our own time. We should try to live for ourselves like humanbeings but not machines.Opportunity and Success Opportunities dont come often. They come every once in a while. Very often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed. Therefore ,it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care. When an opportunity comes, it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitious, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you. The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive. The unsuccessful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits to see them pass by. In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve their purpose.Private carNowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car - if he or she can afford it. Having a car of your own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains, and you can drop off the children at school on the way. Moreover, it also means that you can enjoy the weekends and holidays better, because with a car you can go to places where the regular buses and trains do not go, and so you can find a quiet scenic spot with no crowds. However, there are drawbacks to owning a car. For one thing, with the increase in car ownership in recent years, the roads are becoming more and more crowded, often making the journey to work more of a nightmare than a dream. For another, it is not cheap to run a car, as the prices of gasoline and repairs are constantly rising, not to mention the prices you have to pay for a licence and insurance coverage. Having considered both sides of the argument, I have come to the conclusion that the advantages of owning a car outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, it seems to me that China should increase its output of automobiles and enlarge the private car market. The result would be that cars would become cheaper, while at the same time the extra demand would encourage the auto industry to produce more efficient and family-oriented vehicles.On Developing Tourism Tourism, a smokeless industry, is developing rapidly in China. With the open and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. The are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5000 years. Tourism brings China a lot of benefits. First it enables the Chinese people to know more about the outside world and promotes friendship and mutual understanding. Second , it is financially beneficial to China, which needs more foreign currencies for its modernization program. Tourism, however, gives rise to a number of problems. For instance, it becomes a burden to our inefficient transportation system. Besides, the living standard of the average Chinese is still not high enough to be able to afford the many different sorts of expenses during long distance travels. As for me, I believe that with the development of our national economy, all these problems will certainly be solved step by step. A much better and brighter future awaits.The Value of TimeAs a popular saying goes, Time is money. In fact, time is more precious than money. When money is spent, you can earn it back if you want to. However, when time is gone, it will never come back. As the pace of modern life continues to accelerate ,the time at our disposal is quite limited. But there are a lot of things to be done in our lives. We should make full use of our time to fulfil what is useful to us. For instance, as students we should devote most of our time to our academic studies. In this way we can acquire new knowledge and skill necessary for our future carrier. In my opinion, wasting time means wasting our valuable life. But many of us dont realize this .They think time is inexhaustable. Im not in favor of such of a view .Hence ,my conclusion is that we should never put off what can be today until tomorrow.Are Prizes a Good Thing? Nobody denies that competitions with prizes can bring peoples initiative into full play. Encouraged by a strong desire to win a prize, one will go all out to seek his greatest success. Consequently, the best achievements will be obtained in a game with awards. However, the prompting of a prize does not always lead to desirable results. For example, a competitor who cannot overcome the temptation of a prize is likely to take a stimulant .And the hopeless competitor sees nothing but the prize, which might cause improper behavior. I my opinion, the remedy lies in moral education of competitors. This will help them to understand the slogan: Friendship-first, and competition-second. Then, prices will play a better part in any contest. Generally speaking, I believe that prizes are a good thing.On Keeping a Diary in EnglishKeeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us to cultivate the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice, gradually well learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we inevitably run up against a lot of difficulties .In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phases to give expression to our mind. Secondly , there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly. Certainly, there are some other roadblocks we may come across in our keeping a diary in English. As far as Im concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writin