科技英语翻译.doc

第6章 介词的翻译第1节 介词的一般译法：直译l In general, man serves as the source of infection while animals act as such only occasionally.l 一般来说，人可作为感染源，而动物只是偶然如此。第1节 介词的一般译法：直译l An industrial robot shares many attributes in common with a numerical control machine tool.l 工业用机器人与数控机床有许多共同的特性。第1节 介词的一般译法：转译l With non-changeover control both the boiler plant and the chiller plant operate to provide simultaneous heating and cooling throughout the year.l 采用非转换控制，锅炉设备和制冷装置都在运行，全年可同时供暖和制冷。l 【转译为动词】第1节 介词的一般译法：转译l The online service delivers substantially more value to our global audience of e-business professionals in the chemical, plastics and allied industries.l 该网络服务主要向全球从事化学、塑料及相关工业的专业电子商务用户提供更有价值的服务。l 【转译为动词】第1节 介词的一般译法：转译l This device can mimic photosynthesis to produce usable energy from sunlight.l 这种装置能够模拟光合作用，利用阳光产生可用的能源。l 【转译为动词】第1节 介词的一般译法：转译l The longitudinal axis of the turbine generator is perpendicular to the axis of the steam generator.l 汽轮发电机的纵轴与锅炉轴线垂直。l 【转译为连词】第1节 介词的一般译法：转译l In the right conditions, membranes are self-assembling.l 当条件适宜时，细胞膜会自行聚集。l 【转译为连词】第1节 介词的一般译法：转译l Winding of the spring induces residual stresses through bending.l 卷绕弹簧时因为弯曲引起了残余应力。l 【转译为连词】第1节 介词的一般译法：转译l If leakage occurs around output shaft, replace seal and packing.l 如输出轴周围漏油，应更换密封件及填料。l 【转译为名词】第1节 介词的一般译法：转译l So they give off a stronger signal to sensitive radiation detectors mounted over the subjects head.l 因而它向安装在受试者头部上方的灵敏的辐射探测器发出的信号比较强。l 【转译为名词】第1节 介词的一般译法：省译l It is customary to use electromagnets rather than permanent magnets for the field.l 通常磁场用的都是电磁铁而不是永久磁铁。l 【省译了for】第1节 介词的一般译法：省译l This flat screen technology eliminates curvature on the screen surface.l 这种纯平面技术可以消除屏幕表面的弯曲。l 【省译了on】第1节 介词的一般译法：省译l All the charge on a conductor lies on its surface.l 导体的全部电荷都在其表面。l 【省译了on】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l For ease of assembly and removal of the wheels, the outer races are press-fitted in the wheel hubs.l 为了便于车轮安装和拆卸，把外套圈压入到轮毂里。l 【译为状语从句】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l With the length much greater than its width, the coil is called solenoid.l 如果长度远远超过了宽度，这种线圈就称为螺线管。l 【译为状语从句】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l With only about half as many moving parts as a conventional engine, a Wankel is only half the size and weight, and almost completely vibrationless.l 由于其运动机件数几乎仅为一般发动机的一半，汪克尔发动机只有一般发动机的一半大、一半重，而且几乎完全没有振动。l 【译为状语从句】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l Without an electric field applied, a dielectric atom is symmetrical.l 如果没有外加电场，电介质原子是对称的。【译为状语从句】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l Despite changes in the load, the voltage applied to it remains fairly constant.l 不管负载如何变化，加在负载上的电压都仍然相当稳定。【译为状语从句】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l For more information on the improvements weve made, scroll down to New Features & Functionality.l 要想对我们的改进有更多的了解，请往下看“新特点与新功能”。【译为状语从句】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l Singularity functions do not occur in physical systems.l 物理系统不存在奇异函数。【译为句子的主语】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l A fair amount of theoretical and experimental work has been devoted at this agency to a better understanding of non-stationary aerodynamics.l 该机构为更好地了解非定常气体动力学作了大量的理论研究和试验工作。【译为句子的主语】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l Animals are always losing carbon by respiration as against plants always gaining carbon.l 动物通过呼吸排除碳，而植物却吸收碳。【译为汉语的并列分句】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作状语时的译法l The most effective method of reducing friction is to use rolling friction instead of sliding friction.l 减少摩擦力的最有效的方法是采用滚动摩擦，而不是采用滑动摩擦。【译为汉语的并列分句】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作定语时的译法l The shape of the electron spectrum in beta decay is not dominated by properties of the matrix element.l 衰变的电子谱的形状不取决于矩阵元的性质。【译为“的”字结构】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作定语时的译法l Pressure in a liquid is at right angles to the walls of container.l 液体的压力与容器壁垂直。【译为“的”字结构】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作定语时的译法l Hysteresis energy is a useful basis for the establishment of failure criteria in fatigue.l 在建立疲劳破坏准则时，磁滞能量是一个有用的依据。【译为动宾结构】第2节 介词短语的译法 介词短语作定语时的译法l Physical chemistry applies the methods of physics to the study of chemical systems.l 物理化学是应用物理学的方法研究化学体系。【译为动宾结构】第3节 常用介词的译法：aboutl Little information is given about the origin of life.l 关于生命起源方面的资料极少。l A basic change in thinking about force and mass is required.对于力和质量的看法需要做根本的改变。第3节 常用介词的译法：aboutl Fluoride damage is generally restricted to areas about manufacturing plants.l 氟化物的危害一般仅限于制造厂附近。l The vacuum was created about the exit.在出口附近产生真空。第3节 常用介词的译法：afterl All of its circuit elements are bonded together after being manufactured.l 将所有的电路元件在制成之后都连结在一起。l Line reams new bushings after installation.安装后对新轴套绞同心孔。第3节 常用介词的译法：afterl After all logic events have been completed, the automatic control unit initiates the machine after the instruction. 在所有的逻辑事件完成之后，自动控制器按照指令再次启动该机器。第3节 常用介词的译法：afterl Those machines are made after the model.l 那些机器是按该模型制成的。l After all its changeable forms, energy can never be destroyed.尽管能的形式是可以改变的，但绝不会消失。第3节 常用介词的译法：againstl Working instruments are verified for calibration against reference instruments.工业用的仪表要根据基准仪表来校验其刻度。第3节 常用介词的译法：againstl The current in a transmitting antenna when plotted against time is usually a sine wave.将发射天线中的电流相对于时间来描述出来，常是一正弦波。第3节 常用介词的译法：againstl The process was against any basic laws of physics.l 该过程违背了物理学的基本原理。l Force is necessary to drive an electric current against a resistance.驱动电流克服电阻需要有电动势。第3节 常用介词的译法：againstl One of the chief uses of zinc is to protect the surface of iron against rust.l 锌的主要用途之一是防止铁表面生锈。l Lightening rods are used to protect electrical devices against lightening.避雷针用来保护电器设备不受雷击。第3节 常用介词的译法：againstl It is necessary to prevent induction motors against overload and undervoltage.必须保护感应电动机，防止过载及欠压。第3节 常用介词的译法：againstl The advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm have to be weighted against each other in the light of the particular application.每一种算法都必须根据具体应用相互对比才能权衡其优劣。第3节 常用介词的译法：aroundl The second phase of the restoration project will be to lay down a stabilization ring around the towers foundation.修复工程的第二阶段是在塔基周围建造一环形稳固基。第3节 常用介词的译法：aroundl The separating force on the mill was calculated to be around 10 million 1b.此轧机的轧制力量估计大约一千万磅左右。第3节 常用介词的译法：aroundl The arch dam is economical in narrow canyons where the top chord length is around two to three times the height of the dam.在峡谷较窄处建拱坝比较经济，这里拱坝上弦长度是坝高的大约两到三倍。第3节 常用介词的译法：asl Each observation could be weighted inversely as the distance or as the square root of the frequency.每次观测可以倒过来加权，作为距离或频率的平方根。第3节 常用介词的译法：asl If the electric lines are parallel to the earth, the wave is referred to as horizontally polarized.如果电力线与地面平行，其电波就称为水平极化电波。第3节 常用介词的译法：atl At the beginning of its operation, this turbine is only about 50 percent efficient.在开始运行的时候，这台涡轮机的效率只有50%。第3节 常用介词的译法：atl It is usual to provide a flowmeter at the column outlet.在柱子出口处常常要安装一个流量器。第3节 常用介词的译法：atl A small hole is provided at the lock ring groove to facilitate removal of the lock ring.为使锁定环拆卸方便，可在其沟槽内开一小孔。第3节 常用介词的译法：atl The shunt motor operates nearly at constant speed.并励电动机差不多恒速运行。【省译at】第3节 常用介词的译法：atl Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss.育龄女性危险最大，因为月经是铁流失重要原因之一。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl And offshore drilling is made possible by using huge quantities of gaseous nitrogen and oxygen to provide a livable atmosphere deep under water. 用大量的氮气和氧气形成在深水中能够生活的环境，才有可能进行海底石油钻探。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl Every metal possesses certain properties, or characteristics or qualities which we can find by experiment. 每一种金属都具有某些性能，或特性、性质，而这些我们可以通过实验检验出来。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl All materials are deformed to some extent by the application of an external force.所有材料多少都会由于外力而变形。（练习8用法）第3节 常用介词的译法：byl By the Law of Universal Gravitation, all bodies attract each other.按照万有引力定律，一切物体都相互吸引。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl By this theory we can explain the phenomenon for which the old view of matter did not account.根据这一学说，我们就能解释旧的物质观没有说明的现象。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl The machine tool is directly driven by the main drive motor.机床由主电机直接启动。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl The pituitary gland is constituted by two lobes.垂腺体由两个叶组成。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy, or energy of motion.物体由于运动而获得的能量称为动能，或称为运动能量。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl The production capacity has greatly increased by the development of the control of manufacturing processes by computers.由于采用了计算机控制制造过程，因而生产能力大大提高。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl We may not have eliminated cigarette smoking completely by the end of this century.到本世纪末我们或许还不能完全消除吸烟现象。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl The faculty line must be repaired by the time of the summer harvest.夏收之前，故障线路必须修好。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl The current in an inductor lags the voltage by 90 or, what is the same thing, the voltage leads the current by 90 . 电感器中的电流落后于电压90，或者说，电压超前于电流90 。【省译by】第3节 常用介词的译法：byl The experts calculate that this will straighten up the tower by several centimeters.根据专家们的计算，这将使斜塔取直几厘米。【省译by】第3节 常用介词的译法：byl By hPa we mean an international standardized pressure unit.所谓百帕，是国际上通用的表示气压的单位。第3节 常用介词的译法：byl By conductivity we mean the ability to conduct an electric current.所谓导电率，是指传导电流的能力。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl The electric drive system is made detachable for ease of transportation and installation.为了便于运输和安装，电力驱动系统做成可拆式。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals were first mass-produced in the 1950s for use as refrigerants, industrial solvents, cleaning fluids and agents in making foam products. 20世纪50年代，氟氯代烃（含氯氟烃）和其他消耗臭氧的化工产品首次批量生产，它们主要用作制冷剂、工业溶剂、清洗液以及制造泡沫产品的制剂。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl These data are the basis for important decisions.这些数据上做出重要决策的依据。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl They will build two power plants here, which can meet the demands for power supply.他们将在这里建两座电厂，这样便可以满足对电力的需求。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl The temperature was too high for the boiler to withstand.l 温度提高，致使锅炉承受不了。【省译for】l A visual inspection must be done carefully for the materials, especially for those to be used in fabrication of pressure vessels. 必须对材料仔细进行外观检查，对制造压力容器所用材料尤需如此。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl For this reason, be very careful when you take antibiotics.由于这个原因，当你用抗生素时务必非常小心。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl The first passengers came to ground, none the worse for their experience, 3,000 meters from their standing point.第一批乘客在离出发点3000米处着陆，并没有因这一 遭遇而发生不良反应。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl Make water do duty for alcohol as a solvent.用水代替酒精当溶剂用。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl They succeeded in substituting a synthetic rubber for the natural rubber.他们在用合成橡胶代替天然橡胶方面取得了成功。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl Electricity compensates for barometric pressure as well as system pressure variations.用电补偿大气压力和系统压力的变化。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl The disease raged through the city for months.这种疾病在这座城市猖獗了几个月。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl The mixture was cured at room temperature for 8-14 days.混合物在室温下需熟化8-14天。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl For all their great stableness under ordinary circumstances, insulating materials may change radically in characteristics under extreme conditions of voltage stress or temperature or under the action of certain chemicals. 尽管在正常的情形下绝缘材料的性能很稳定，但在极端情况下，比如电压过高、高温或在某种化学物质作用下，绝缘材料的性能会遭到完全破坏。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl For all its invisible shield, the ozone layer can be measured in a number of ways. 尽管臭氧层是一种不可见的保护层，但还是有多种测量它的方法。第3节 常用介词的译法：forl For all our advice, he insists on carrying out ignition experiment.尽管我们劝阻他，他仍然坚持要进行点火实验。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml This reduces the resistance to current flowing from the wire through the rubber to copper strips below the tubes.这将减少从橡皮管中的导线流向管子下方铜片的电流的阻力。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml A user may jump from one document to another in a nonlinear, associative way.用户以非直线的方式，通过超级链接，即可从一个文件跳转到另一个文件。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml From the information in this table, we can easily compute an estimate of the value of the mean of this grouped data.根据表中的资料，我们可以很容易地估算出这一组数据的平均值。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml Having no compass, he got his bearings from the sun.因为没有指南针，他根据太阳辨别方向。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml Fabricate a shield from 12cm aluminum alloy to the dimensions shown on Figure 11.按图11所示，用12厘米厚的铝合金制造防护罩。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml The electronic device is made from semiconductor.这只电子器件是用半导体做的。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml Dead time is the time a worker losses from lack of materials or equipment breakdown.无效时间是指工人因无原料或设备故障而失去的时间。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml A similar error arises from neglect of multiple causes.类似的错误可能由于忽视了多种原因而产生。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml The hardened washer shall be prevented from turning during locknut tightening.当自锁螺母拧紧时应防止淬火垫圈转动。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml Washers shall be from burrs and sharp edges.垫圈不应带有毛刺和尖角。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml The triggering circuit is immune from noise.这个触发电路不受杂音影响。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml The mixture are distinct from compounds.混合物不同于化合物。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml Data is often distinguished from information and from programs.数据通常有别于信息和程序。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml Highly poisonous insecticides should be kept from ordinary insecticides.剧毒农药和普通农药要严格分开置放。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml Electrolysis is the liberation of free elements from a liquid by passing an electric current through it. 电解就是让电流通过液体，从而使游离元素从液体中分离出来的过程。第3节 常用介词的译法：froml Place these parts in a plastic bag, and keep separate from other bearing assemblies.将这些零件装进塑料袋中，和其他轴承部件分开置放。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl Canadian scientists looked for ozone thinning in the Arctic.加拿大科学家在北极区寻找臭氧层变薄的迹象。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl In Canada, governments are also starting programs to recycle and recover CFCs.在加拿大，政府正在开展工作回收和循环使用氟氯代烃（含氯氟烃） 。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl The uses of industrial gases in our high-tech world are numerous and varied. 在我们这个技术高度发达的社会中工业气体的用途是多种多样的。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl The hummingbird has the highest metabolic rate per unit of body weight in the avian world.在鸟类世界中，单位体重的新陈代谢以蜂鸟为最高。910第3节 常用介词的译法：inl Although in recent years the liquid state has been the subject of intense study, the several books treat mainly the physics of this state.l 虽然近年来液态已成为努力研究的课题，但是这些书主要是谈论液态的物理特征。【省译了in】第3节 常用介词的译法：inl In the 1970s, the focus of designing hardware was the creation of circuitry.在20世纪70年代，硬件设计的焦点是生成电路。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl The decision to repair is not easy, especially in borderline cases.做出返修的决定不是容易的，在可修可不修的情况下尤其如此。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl All molecules are in constant motion.一切分子都处在永恒的运动状态之中。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl In the study of lubrication and journal bearings, additional fundamental knowledge must be utilized.在研究润滑和滑动轴承时，尚需用到另外的基础知识。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl In order to prevent any damage or injury to human eyes in training, a laser energy attenuator may be mounted on the laser exit window. 在训练时，为防止误伤人眼，可在激光输出窗口上装上激光能量衰减器。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl The electric power which is consumed in an electric circuit is measured in watts or kilowatts.电路中消耗的电力是以瓦或千瓦计量的。第3节 常用介词的译法：inl Energy and work are both measured in joules. Power, being the amount of work done per second, is measured in watts (joules/sec). 能和功都用焦耳计量。功率是每秒钟所做的功，所以用瓦特（焦耳/秒）计量。第3节 常用介词的译法：intol Objects sink down into fluids until the upthrust equals the weight of the object.物体沉入流体，直到向上的推力与物体的重量相等。第3节 常用介词的译法：intol If a permanent magnets is plunged into the coil the meter registers a momentary current.如果把永久磁铁插入线圈，电表会记录到一次瞬间电流。1011第3节 常用介词的译法：intol It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.只是在最近，天文学家才开始对黑洞进行具体的研究。第3节 常用介词的译法：intol Physics gives us power to adventure into the unknown.物理学给予我们探索未知世界的能力。第3节 常用介词的译法：intol Heat transforms ice into water and water into steam.热使冰变成水，使水变成蒸汽。第3节 常用介词的译法：intol The process converts iron and steel scraps into metal powder.此法可把钢铁切屑变成金属粉末。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl Considerable literature has grown up relating to experimental confirmation of elastohydrodynamic theory.关于弹性流体动力理论的实验证明，已涌现出大量文献。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl The successful launching of space rockets has added much to mans knowledge of the upper strata of the atmosphere.宇宙火箭发射的成功大大增加了人类对大气上层的知识。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl The processor is in over-all control of the system.处理器对系统实施全面控制。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl These compounds are of the same family of organic materials.这些化合物属于同族有机物。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl All the types of memory we have discussed are of “random access”.上述的各类储存期都属于“随机存取”类型。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl It might be thought that these two effects would be of the same order of magnitude.人们可能会以为这两个效力的大小属于同一个数量级。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl Today of the four only Earth is known to be tectonically active. 今天，在这四颗行星中，据人们所知只有地球的地壳构造仍在活动。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl Of all forms of energy electricity is the most important.在所有形式的能量中，电能是最重要的。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl A magnetic system is made of wrought iron arranged as in Fig. 8-16.磁系统是由熟铁制成，如图8-16所示。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl Flat belts are usually made of either oak-tanned leather or a fabric, such as cotton or rayon, which has been impregnated with rubber. 平型带通常用橡树皮鞣革或浸渍过橡胶的棉织品或人造纤维织品制成。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl The motor consists of two parts, the stator and the rotor.电动机由定子和转子两部分构成。第3节 常用介词的译法：ofl Each stage requires a different set of tools and sometimes requires different equipment and skills. 每一步都要求有一套不同的工具，有时还要求有不同的设备和技术。第3节 常用介词的译法：onl This chart may be plotted on semilog paper or on log-log paper.此曲线图可绘于半对数图纸或对数图纸上。第3节 常用介词的译法：onl Apply a small amount of the adhesive liquid on the face of the gasket.在密封垫表面上涂少许粘着剂。第3节 常用介词的译法：onl Final composition of the Theater List is normally decided by the surgeon on the day prior to operation. 接受手术人员的最后名单一般由外科大夫在手术前一天做出决定。第3节 常用介词的译法：onl On freezing, water does not contract, but instead it expands.水结冰时，并不收缩，而是膨胀。1213第3节 常用介词的译法：onl Further research on this subject may suggest ways in whic