小学英语译林版四年级上册第二单元教学要点建议.doc

译林版小学英语四年级上册Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad一、单元整体情况分析本单元以“谈论拥有的物品”为功能话题，这一话题与学生的日常生活息息相关，教师在教学过程中要充分利用图片、实物引导学生学习运用I have Do you have ?等句型。在学生熟练掌握的基础上，老师可以结合以前所学的内容创设情景，引导学生进行综合操练，从而使学生能自然流利地运用所学内容。在教学中还要学生总结归纳some 和any的用法并能正确使用。本单元由Story time, Fun time, Cartoon time, Sound time, Song time, Checkout time和Ticking time这七个板块组成。在Story time板块中，呈现了班级中秋节聚会的场景：Miss Li要和学生们一起制作水果沙拉，于是等同学纷纷拿出自己带来的水果，互相交流，呈现了本单元句型I have /Do you have ? Yes, I do.和No, I dont. Lets make a fruit salad. Look at our fruit salad; Fun time呈现的是一个“画一画、说一说”的游戏，巩固运用Story time中所学句型Do you have ? Yes, I do.和No, I dont.；Cartoon time讲述的是Sam给Bobby表演魔术，再现本单元的重点句型I have ，同时也渗透了下一个单元的新句型How many do you have?；Sound time呈现了字母h在单词中的发音；Song time是娱乐板块，通过歌曲的学习进一步巩固本单元所学的主要内容，同时可鼓励学生在熟练演唱的基础上用自己喜欢的水果创造性的改编歌曲；Checkout time板块，教师要先带领学生复习本单元重点知识，再完成此部分的训练；Ticking time这个板块是提醒学生养成在单元学习结束后进行小结自我评估的学习过程。二、单元教学目标1. 知识目标(1)能初步听懂、会读、会拼写单词a banana, a grape, a mango, a pineapple；复习水果类单词an orange, a peach, a pear, an apple。(2)能听懂、会说、会读、会运用句型I have Do you have ?并且会用Yes, I do.和No, I dont.来回答。(3)能听懂、会说、会读句型 Lets make a fruit salad. Look at our fruit salad.(4)能明白Cartoon time 的幽默之处。(5)能唱歌曲Do you like purple grapes?(6)能听懂、会说、发音准确字母h在单词中的读音。2. 技能目标(1)能听懂、会说、会读、会运用have的肯定句和一般疑问句及回答。(2)正确理解some和any的使用方法。(3)能初步会用How many ?询问可数名词的数量。(4)能明白Cartoon time 的幽默之处(5)学生能熟练演唱歌曲Do you like purple grapes?，并根据自己的喜好，唱出自己的新歌。(6)通过绕口令，学习字母h的发音，并尝试举一反三。(7)学生对本单元所学的知识进行自我评价，在小组中查漏补缺，能够顺利通过朗诵测试。3. 情感态度目标(1)了解西方国家的饮食文化。(2)充分利用学生已有的知识和生活经验，创设生活化的真实情境，引导学生在运用语言中学习语言，在学习新的语言知识后创造性地运用语言。(3)学生通过改编儿歌与活动，分享自己关于水果的了解与喜好。三、单元教学重难点1. 教学重点(1)能初步听懂、会读、会拼写单词a banana, a grape, a mango, a pineapple；复习水果类单词an orange, a peach, a pear, an apple。(2)能听懂、会说、会读、会运用句型I have Do you have ?并且会用Yes, I do.和No, I dont.来回答。(3)能听懂、会说、会读句型 Lets make a fruit salad. Look at our fruit salad.(4)能正确理解some和any的使用方法。(5)能初步会用How many ?询问可数名词的数量。(6)能明白Cartoon time 的幽默之处。(7)能熟练演唱歌曲Do you like purple grapes?，并根据自己的喜好，唱出自己的新歌。(8)通过绕口令，学习字母h的发音，并尝试举一反三。2. 教学难点(1)能初步听懂、会读、会拼写单词a banana, a grape, a mango, a pineapple；复习水果类单词an orange, a peach, a pear, an apple。(2)能听懂、会说、会读、会运用句型I have Do you have ?并且会用Yes, I do.和No, I dont.来回答。(3)能听懂、会说、会读句型 Lets make a fruit salad. Look at our fruit salad.(4)正确理解some和any的使用方法。(5)能熟练运用How many ?询问可数名词的数量。(5)能明白Cartoon time的幽默之处四、单元教学安排建议在五课时内完成本单元教学内容。第一课时：Story time第二课时：Fun time and Cartoon time 第三课时：Rhyme time and Checkout time第四课时：Sound time and Ticking time第五课时：单元复习五、（分课时）课堂教学定位第一课时一、教学内容 四上Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad (Story time )二、教学目标1. 知识目标(1)能初步听懂、会读、会拼写单词a banana, a grape, a mango, a pineapple；复习水果类单词an orange, a peach, a pear, an apple。(2)能听懂、会说、会读、会运用句型I have Do you have ?并且会用Yes, I do.和No, I dont.来回答。2. 能力目标(1)初步理解some和any的使用方法。(2)充分利用学生已有的知识和生活经验，创设生活化的真实情境，引导学生在运用语言中学习语言，在学习新的语言知识后创造性地运用语言。3. 情感目标了解西方国家的饮食文化。三、教学重点(1)能初步听懂、会读、会拼写单词a banana, a grape, a mango, a pineapple；复习水果类单词an orange, a peach, a pear, an apple。(2)能听懂、会说、会读、会运用句型I have Do you have ?并且会用Yes, I do.和No, I dont.来回答。四、教学难点初步理解some和any的使用方法。 五、教学准备卡片，PPT，学生自带水果，老师做的水果沙拉六、教学过程Step 1 Greeting and warm up1. GreetingT: Hello, boys and girls. How are you?S: Im fine, thank you. And you?T: Im well.2. Warm up3. Play a game-Fast response游戏规则：快速闪现问题，抢答例如：What can you see?I like monkeys. What do you like?Do you like monkeys?What colour is the ?Step 2 Presentation1. Play a game-Magic bag游戏规则：收口的口袋里装些玩具和水果。一个学生摸，其他学生问Is that an animal/a kind of fruit?Is that a/an ?最后展示摸到的物品，并且说This is a/an 例如：Ss：Is that an animal/a kind of fruit?S1: Yes/No.Ss: Is that a/an ?S1: Yes/No.This is a/an T: Look, this is a magic bag. There are many animal toys and fruit in it.出示单词：animal, fruit, 并且教读fruit当最后展示的时候教师还可以复习第一单元所学的句型。例如：T: Do you like?S: Yes, I do. /No, I dont.T: What do you like?S: I like2. Lead in and teach the name of the fruits把袋子里的水果都拿出来:a banana, a grape, a mango, a pineapple, an orange, a peach,a pear, an apple，并且板书pineapple T：I have some fruit. Lets name them. Look , this is a /an3.出示课题T: Here are so much fruit. We can make a fruit salad. OK?S: OK.出示课题：Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad.教读课题 salad cat banana sa la d salad4. Story time(1)出示课文图片T: Miss Li and her students are making a fruit salad.Watch the cartoon, and answer the question:What fruit can you see?I can see a /an/ some(2)教授Story time 句子（注意语音语调的纠正）Picture 1: T: Who can read ? 板书：Do you have a / an?教授单词have Yes, I do./ No, I dont.T: Lets try to read the sentences.Teach: have 有T: Mike has a mango and an orange. Look at Miss Xia. I have two mangoes and two oranges.出示mango orange复数 mangoes orangesPicture 2: Listen to the tapeSu Yang: Do you have any bananas? Yang Ling: No, I dont. I have some grapes.教读：any many 板书：anysome, any都表示一些，后面可以跟可数名词的复数形式，也可以跟不可数名词。但是，some一般用在肯定句中，而any多用在疑问句或否定句中。教读：some grapesT: I can say I have some grapes. What can you say?让学生造句。 Picture 3&4T: Who can read Picture 3&4?thanks = thank youPicture 5: 教读great ea /eI/ 板书：Great.Picture 6: 教读our PS：we的物主代词(3)Read Story timea.注意语音语调，播放录音，学生跟读T：Lets read after the tape.b.学生齐读T: Lets read it together.c.学生自读d.角色扮演模仿语音语调，比比谁读得好，角色扮演。Step 3 Consolidation1. Puzzles (fill in the blanks)根据单词提示，或是图片提示拼写单词例如：a yellow banana some purple grapes2. Work in pairs用身边带来的水果进行对话练习。对话提示：S1: Do you have a/an/any ?S2: Yes, I do./ No, I dont.S1: Here you are.S2: Thanks./Thank you.S1：Lets make a fruit salad.S2: Great/Good/OK/All right.让学生懂得分享自己的水果，培养学生的团结合作意识。充分利用学生已有的知识和生活经验，创设生活化的真实情境。3. Summary让学生说说这节课学了什么，让学生自己来总结。A. 复习单词(1)水果类的单词 出示的时候单数、复数以及音标共同出示。(2)some, any, great, ourB. 复习句型(1) 句型：I have a/an/some (2) 对话句型S1：Do you have a/an/any?S2: Yes, I do./ No, I dont.S1: Here you are.S2: Thanks./Thank you.S1：Lets make a fruit salad.S2: Great/Good/OK/All right.C. 复习课文Step 4 Homework1.Copy the new words four times.2.Recite Story Time after class.七、板书设计 Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad I have a/ an/ someA: Do you have a/an/any?B: Yes, I do./ No, I dont. a banana a mangoA: Here you are. a grape a pineappleB: Thanks./Thank you. a peach a pearA: Lets make a fruit salad. an apple an orangeB: Great/Good/OK/All right. 第二课时一、教学内容 四上 Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad (Fun time and Cartoon time)二、教学目标 1. 知识目标 (1)能初步听懂、会读、会拼写单词a banana, a grape, a mango, a pineapple；复习水果类单词an orange, a peach, a pear, an apple。(2)能听懂、会说、会读、会运用句型I have Do you have ?并且会用Yes, I do.和No, I dont.来回答。(3)能初步运用How many?询问可数名词的数量。(4)能明白Cartoon time的幽默之处。(5)复习数字1-12。2. 能力目标能运用本单元句型来询问某人有什么。3. 情感目标(1)学会说谢谢。(2)学生通过改编儿歌与活动，分享自己关于水果的了解与喜好。三、教学重点(1)能初步听懂、会读、会拼写单词a banana, a grape, a mango, a pineapple；复习水果类单词an orange, a peach, a pear, an apple。(2)能听懂、会说、会读、会运用句型I have Do you have ?并且会用Yes, I do.和No, I dont.来回答。(3)能初步运用How many?询问可数名词的数量。(4)能明白Cartoon time的幽默之处。(5)复习数字1-12。四、教学难点能初步运用How many?询问可数名词的数量。五、教学准备单词卡片，PPT六、教学过程Step 1 Greeting and warm up1.Have a dictation2.GreetingT: Good morning, boys and girls. How are you?S: Im fine/well/good/Not so good3.Warm up(1)Question box教师出示一个盒子-Question box，盒子里装了过去所学的问题，让学生在盒子一抽出一张纸回答问题。例如： Whats this? What colour is it?I have a pencil. Do you have a pencil?Do you like tigers?I like apples. What do you like?(2)Find friends例如：教师出示an apple, 在所有所给单词中找出相同类的。通过这两个趣味活动帮助学生复习之前学过的单词和句型，也可以提前进入英语学习的状态。Step 2 Presentation1.Fun time(1)Drawing time教师出示Fun time 的光盘内容-Draw pictures出示教师所画的图片，做示范，让学生快速画简笔画(2)Speaking timeA: Do you have a book?B: Yes, I do. Do you have any apples?A: No, I dont. Do you have any bananas?B: Yes, I do.2. Showing timeA: I have (I dont have )B: I have (I dont have )Review Story timea. 跟读（教师注意语音和语调的指导与纠正）b. 自读（任选一种方式读） c. 跟伙伴齐读 d. 跟伙伴扮演角色读(3) 比一比，赛一赛，谁读得好，模仿得像。3.Cartoon timeT: Now, lets have a rest. Lets watch a cartoon.(1) Watch the cartoon and choose the best answers.Today, Sam is a .A. doctor B. cook C. magician D. teacherSams stage properties are .A. mangoes B. pineapples C. apples D. Bananas让学生说说这个故事的幽默之处。 (2)Read after the tape逐图跟读，注意语音语调，让学生可以加上自己的表情和动作。How many(+可数名词的复数形式)? 问数量用身边的物提问A: How many do you have?B: I have看图完成对话例如： you ? , I .(3)Read in different waysa.自己单独读b.跟伙伴齐读c.跟伙伴扮演角色读(4)比一比，赛一赛，谁读得好，模仿得像。Step 3 Consolidation1.Fun timeMake cards to help you remember words.步骤一：画 要求学生独立完成，可以画不同种类的步骤二：问Do you have a /an?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Do you have any?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.步骤三：说 I have 说说自己有什么2.Summary说说本课学了哪些？Step 4 Homework1.准备默写单词表单词和划线句子2.Recite Cartoon Time after class.七、板书设计 Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad Do you have a /an ? Yes, I do. Do you have any ? No, I dont. How many do you have? I have 第三课时一、教学内容 四上Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad (Song time and checkout time)二、教学目标1. 知识目标1.能熟练听懂、会读、会拼写本单元单词。2.能熟练听懂、会说、会读、会运用本单元句型。3.能初步会唱本单元歌曲：Do you like purple grapes?2. 能力目标能运用本单元句型来进行交流。3. 情感目标让孩子喜欢说英语。三、教学重点1.能熟练听懂、会读、会拼写本单元单词。2.能熟练听懂、会说、会读、会运用本单元句型。3.能初步会唱本单元歌曲：Do you like purple grapes?四、教学难点能初步会唱本单元歌曲：Do you like purple grapes?五、教学准备单词卡片，PPT六、教学过程Step 1 Greeting and warm up1. Greeting 2. Have a dictation3. Free talkT: I have a book. Do you have a book?S: Yes, I do. / No, I dont.T: What do you have?S: I haveStep 2 Revision1.Story time跟读（教师注意语音和语调的指导与纠正）自读（任选一种方式读） 自己单独读 跟伙伴扮演角色读 跟伙伴齐读 比一比，赛一赛，谁读得好，模仿得像。利用光盘中的这个角色扮演的功能。 2.Cartoon time(1)Read after the tape逐图跟读，注意语音语调，让学生可以加上自己的表情和动作。(2)Read by yourselvesa.自己单独读b.跟伙伴扮演角色读c.跟伙伴齐读(3)比一比，赛一赛，谁读得好，模仿得像。 Step 3 Rhyme time and song time1. 复习过去所学的小诗Mango, mango,I love you. One for Tommy, one for Joe 2. 复习过去所学的歌曲Seasons song. I like rice.3. Do you like purple grapes?(1)复习水果以及颜色 教师出示部分被遮挡的水果图片：T: Whats this/that?S: Its a/an T：What are these/ those?S: TheyreT: What colour is it/are they?S: Theyre(2)出示葡萄的图片T: What do I have?S: You have some grapes.T: What colour are the grapes?S: They are purple.T: Do you like purple grapes?S: Yes, I do./ No, I dont.(3)出示歌曲Do you like purple grapes?a.欣赏歌曲b.猜一猜Theyre nice and sweet. 意思是： 糖果 （ ） 甜的（ ）c.唱一唱 让学生说说会唱哪一句歌词。d.做一做 配着动作，边唱边跳Step 5 Consolidation1. 编唱新歌曲小小歌唱家，把自己的歌词写一写，唱一唱。T: I can give you some words.根据提示，用今天新学的歌曲编唱例如：red apples big and sweet white cats small and lovely2.Checkout timeListen and match这部分的要求可以适当提高，要求学生听写。3.完成练习中的翻译词组和选择填空，并且讲解个别题目Step 6 Homework1. 完成练习册上部分练习2.编一首属于自己的歌曲，唱给朋友、家长和老师听。七、板书设计 Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad Do you have a /an? Yes, I do. Do you have any? No, I dont. How many do you have? I have purple grapes 第四课时一、教学内容 四下 Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad (Sound time and Ticking time)二、教学目标1. 知识目标(1)能熟练听懂、会读、会拼写本单元单词。(2)能熟练听懂、会说、会读、会运用本单元句型。(3)能熟练会唱本单元歌曲：Do you like purple grapes?(4)能明白字母Hh在单词中的发音/h/，能总结归纳过去所学单词2. 能力目标能正确地运用本单元知识点进行练习。3. 情感目标充分利用学生已有的知识和生活经验，创设生活化的真实情境，引导学生在运用语言中学习语言，在学习新的语言知识后创造性地运用语言。三、教学重点(1)能熟练听懂、会读、会拼写本单元单词。(2)能熟练听懂、会说、会读、会运用本单元句型。(3)能熟练会唱本单元歌曲：Do you like purple grapes?(4)能明白字母Hh在单词中的发音/h/，能总结归纳过去所学单词四、教学难点能明白字母Hh在单词中的发音/h/，能总结归纳过去所学单词五、教学准备单词卡片，PPT六、教学过程Step 1 Greeting 1. Dictation2. Sing a song: Do you like purple grapes?3. Show time(1) 把自己回去编的歌曲在班级里唱一唱(2) Act Story time(3) Act Cartoon timeStep 2 Play a game-Perfect artist游戏规则：老师出示一些基础形状，让学生在此基础上画各种东西，涂上颜色。最后展示，让其他同学猜是什么。S1：Do you have a/an?S2: Yes, I do./No, I dont.Step 3 Sound time1. 出示图片T: Whos this girl? Lets listen to Sound time.S: Shes Helen.2.出示Helen Hh /h/T: Who can read it?教读Hh，个人读，小组读3.归纳Hh 发音behind have horse hot hurry he Helen4.出示Sound time 句子。学生比较喜欢这样的环节，尤其是当老师配上动作的时，更是激起了学生的表现欲。have 吃 组词：have breakfast/lunch/diner回忆以前的课文：Have some rice, Mike. OK, thanks, Mum. I like rice.讲解词组：a hot cake with a cherry 一个有颗樱桃的热蛋糕 a girl with big eyes 一个长着大眼睛的女孩Step 4 Consolidation1. 听读训练在听录音之前先让学生说说在图上能看到哪些内容，让学生学会观察题目。部分题目也可以要求学生作听写任务，提高学生听说读写的语言综合运用能力。2. 课课练翻译词组，选择题题目选择，一些难的题目可以做为附加题，对于班级学习成绩比较优异的学生可以有这方面的要求。在作业上可以分层作业，减轻后进生的学习负担，提高英语学习兴趣。Step 5 知识拓展1.词组our vegetable salad 我们的蔬菜沙拉 a sour pineapple 一个酸菠萝 some cherries 一些樱桃 how many 多少个how much 多少钱 2. 句子Make cards to help you remember words.做卡片帮你记单词。I can name some fruit. I can talk about fruit too. 我能说出一些水果的名称。我也能谈论水果。Let me draw an apple. 让我画一个苹果。Taste the fruit salad. Wonderful! 尝一尝水果沙拉。好极了！Step 6 Ticking timeStep 7 Homework1. Read some parts of this unit exactly and fluently.2. Finish the exercises on the exercise book.七、板书设计 Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad Hh /h/ behind have horse hot hurry he HelenHelen, Helen, please hurry. Have a hot cake with a cherryTicking time:1. I can name some fruit.2. I can use “Do you have ?” to ask questions.3. I know the sound of the letter “h”.第五课时一、教学内容 四下 Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad (Review and check)二、教学目标1. 知识目标(1)能熟练听懂、会读、会拼写本单元单词。(2)能熟练听懂、会说、会读、会运用本单元句型。(3)能熟练会唱本单元歌曲：Do you like purple grapes?(4)能明白字母Hh在单词中的发音/h/，能总结归纳过去所学单词2. 能力目标能正确地运用本单元知识点进行练习。3. 情感目标(1)了解西方国家的饮食文化。(2)充分利用学生已有的知识和生活经验，创设生活化的真实情境，引导学生在运用语言中学习语言，在学习新的语言知识后创造性地运用语言。三、教学重点(1)能熟练听懂、会读、会拼写本单元单词。(2)能熟练听懂、会说、会读、会运用本单元句型。(3)能熟练会唱本单元歌曲：Do you like purple grapes?(4)能明白字母Hh在单词中的发音/h/，能总结归纳过去所学单词四、教学难点能明白字母Hh在单词中的发音/h/，能总结归纳过去所学单词五、教学准备单词卡片，PPT六、教学过程Step 1 Greeting 1. Dictation2. Sing a song: Do you like purple grapes?Step 2 Do some oral translations.Step 3 ConsolidationFinish the exercises and check the answers.一、判断下列画线部分的字母发音是否一致，一致的打，不一致的打。( )1. bag orange ( )2.this yes ( )3. elephants cats ( )4. nice class ( )5.desks bananas ( ) 6. apples please二、翻译词组1. 在桌子后面 _ 2. 那些红色的铅笔_3. 11个可爱的女孩 _ 4 . 那头胖猪 _5. 6颗葡萄 _ 6. 喜欢熊猫_7.一些芒果_ 8.有三支香蕉_9.twin brothers_ 10.a wonderful robot_11. how many_ 12. Thats cool. _三、用a, an, some, any填空。2. Helen is _ English girl.3. That is _ orange orange.Its _ big orange.4. I have _ eggs. Do you have _ eggs?5. Do you have _ dolls?Yes,I have _ dolls.6. I dont have _ toy ducks.四、根据首字母或中文意思填空。1. W_ is the man u_ the tree? Hes my father.2. Shh! Dont s_. My f_ is sleeping.3. Do you h_ a_ toy horses? Yes,I do.4. Its lovely, it likes bones(骨头). Its a d_5. How many toy_(马)? _(十二)Step 4 Homework1. Review all the contents of this unit.2. Finish the exercises on the exercise book.Unit 2 Lets make a fruit salad 知识汇总一、语音h /h/ : behind have horse hot hurry Helen hamburger he how 比较：wh /h/ : who whose(谁的)二、词汇（一）单词四会单词：1. banana 香蕉 2. make 做，制作 3. our 我们的 4. some 一些 5. any 一些 , 任何的 三会单词：1. grape 葡萄 2. mango 芒果 3. pineapple 菠萝 4. lets 咱们 5. fruit 水果 6. salad 色拉 7. thanks 谢谢 8. cool 酷，真棒9. wonderful 精彩的，绝妙的 10. hurry 赶快 11. cherry 樱桃 12. purple 紫色的 13. with 和，有 14. sweet 甜蜜的（二）词组1. lets = let us 让我们 2. how many mangoes 多少个芒果3. how many 多少(数量) 4. how nice 多么(真)好看 5. have some grapes 有/吃一些葡萄 6. have an English book 有一本英语书7. have an apple 有/吃一个苹果 8. have two bananas 有/吃两个香蕉9. our fruit salad 我们的水果色拉 10. make a fruit salad 制作一个水果色拉11. like pineapples 喜欢菠萝 12. some fruit 一些水果13. nice and sweet 又好又甜 14. purple grapes 紫葡萄 15. have a mango and an orange 有一个芒果和一个桔子16. a hot cake with a cherry 一个有颗樱桃的热蛋糕三、句型及语法1. Lets make a fruit salad. 让我们制作一个水果色拉吧。2. Here you are. 给你。 Thank you. 谢谢你。3. Look at our fruit salad. 看我们的水果色拉。 How nice! 多么好看啊！ / Great！真棒！ / Wonderful! 太精彩了！4. How many mangoes do you have? 你有多少个芒果？ I have three mangoes. 我有三个芒果。5. Helen, Helen, please hurry. 海伦，海伦，请快点。6. Have a hot cake with a cherry. 吃一个有颗樱桃的热蛋糕。7. Do you like purple grapes? 你喜欢紫葡萄吗？ Yes, I like them very much. 是的，我很喜欢它们。8. They are nice and sweet. 它们又美味又甜。9. 本单元的中心词是have，它有多种用法和不同的短语搭配，我们比较熟悉的是解释为“吃、喝”，如：have a cake 吃一个蛋糕，have some milk 喝些牛奶，have breakfast 吃早饭。还有就是我们在本单元中学习的，have 作动词，解释为“有，拥有”。表达自己拥有某物。 I have 我有 (肯定句)例如：I have a pineapple. 我有一个菠萝。(可数名词单数前要加a或者an)I have some grapes. 我有一些葡萄。(肯定句中一些用some) 如何变为否定句呢？只要在have的前面加上否定词dont就可以了。 I dont have a/ an / any 我没有 (否定句中一些用any