最新2014职称英语新增文章理工A(最完整,含译文,已排版可直接打印,word版).doc

2014年职称英语新增文章理工A级，因理工A级阅读理解无新增文章，附理工B级阅读理解、综合A类阅读理解新增文章及综合A级概括段落大意，仅供参考，祝考试成功！一、阅读判断第十一篇：Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity（A级）Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityIve always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the word a better place.For as long as I can remember, Ive loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of acomputer on every desk and in every home, which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, Im still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity andinventiveness - to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldnt solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the worlds knowledge. Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it tap-dancing to Work. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me tap-danceing to work is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetimes worth of photos, and they say, I didnt know you could do that with a PC5 !But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too manypeople in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions ofpeople die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world.My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrens lives.Im still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the worlds toughestproblems is possible - and its happening every day. Were seeing new drugs for deadly diseases,new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.Im excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, fortechnology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, were going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.词汇：unleash vt解开；放纵；使自由 inspire vt鼓舞optimist n乐观主义者 incredible adj难以置信的clunky (clonky) adj发出沉闷金属声的 curiosity n好奇心inventiveness n.发明创造的能力 teletype (teletype-writer) n.电传打字机 poignant adj令人悲痛的，可怜的tragic adj悲剧的，悲惨的vision n想象；幻想；美景immense adj巨大的注释：1.be rooted in：扎根于;深深地存在于2.It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么事。本句中，barely意为almost not;compare to在美国英语中也可以等同于compare with (与相比)。3.Theyre helping US build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to US，no matter where they are.电脑帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。care about指不管喜欢或不喜欢的事情都很关心、介意、在乎、计较。4.“tapdancing to work”：“跳着踢踏舞工作”。tap原意是“叩击、轻敲”;tap dance是“踢踏舞”。这里实际意思是“(手指)轻轻敲击键盘的工作”。5.PC(personal computer)：个人计算机6.But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC，there are lots of other ways wecan put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world.除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。7.go unmet：得不到满足。在这里go是系动词，unmet是过去分词作表语：8.commit to此处意为承诺，保证做某事。9.no lessthan：和一样，不亚于10.and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrenS lives.而且要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to make an immense difference in these childrenS lives。练习：1. A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to tap-dancing to work.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. To Bill Gates mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poors children and the death of the richs children.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1.A文章第三段中比尔?盖茨说，当他念七年级时，电脑就是冰箱那么大小。2.A文章第三段比尔?盖茨说，他30年前与Paul Allen一起创办微软公司时就梦想一桌一机、一户一机，而且从其他各段也可以看到他对电脑有很多的期待。3.B从第七段第二句可以看到作这样比较的是他的朋友Warren Buffett，而不是他自己。4.B在倒数第三段，比尔?盖茨已经明确说，所有这些儿童的死亡都一样令人伤心和悲痛，没有什么区别。5.c文章没有提到他给慈善机构捐款的事。6.A倒数第四段比尔?盖茨认为他一生好运，就理应回报社会，所以他和他的妻子做出了承诺，要帮助尽可能多的人改善医疗和教育条件。7.C文章没有提到。译文：第十一篇比尔盖茨：发挥你的创造力我一直是个乐观主义者，我想这是因为我深信创造力和智慧能使世界变得更美好。在我的记忆中，我喜欢学习新东西、解决难题。所以当我七年级时第一次坐在电脑前时，我立刻被吸引住类。那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎什么事都不能做。但是它却改变我的一生。30年前我和朋友保罗艾伦创办微软的时候，我们预见到一个“每个办公桌和每个家庭都会有一台电脑”的时代。在那个计算机像冰箱一样大的时代，这听起来也许太乐观了一点。但是我们相信个人计算机会改变世界。而它们真的做到了。 30年后的今天，计算机仍然会激发我的热情，好像我又回到了七年级的年代。我认为计算机是能满足我们的好奇心，激发我们创造精神的最神奇的工具，它能帮助我们解决最聪明的人都不能独自解决的问题。计算机改变了我们的学习方式，为世界各地的孩子们提供了一个学习各种知识的窗口。它帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。和我的朋友沃伦巴菲特一样，我每天都在做着自己喜欢做的事，对此我感到非常幸运。他说这就像是“跳着踢踏舞工作”。我在微软的工作一直非常具有挑战性，而当我们向人们展示我们的新成果( 比如计算机能识别手写体或语言，或者能储存一生的珍贵照片) 人们说没想到你们能用个人计算机做出这样的成就时，那感觉的确像是“跳着踢踏舞工作”。除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。这个世界上还有很多的人基本需求都得不到满足。例如，每年都有成千上万的人死于疾病，而这些疾病在发达国家是能轻而易举得到控制或治疗的。我认为拥有财富的同时我有责任回报世界。所以，我和妻子梅林达承诺推进健康与教育事业，以帮助尽可能多的人。作为一位父亲，我相信一个非洲儿童的夭折和其他地方孩子的夭折一样令人心酸和悲痛。而要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。如今，我仍然是一个乐观主义者，我仍然相信即使是世界上最棘手的问题，也一样能得到改善的确，世界每天都在进步。我们看到治疗致命疾病的新药物和新诊断工具出现，看到人们更多关注发展中国家的健康问题。医疗、教育和科技发展的美好前景使我激动万分。我坚信，以我们与生俱来的发明精神、创造力和乐于解决棘手问题的精神动力，我们一定能在这些领域做出惊人的成绩。我希望我能亲眼见到这些成绩。第十四篇：Stage Fright（A级）Fall down as you come onstage. Thats an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,Mr. Feltsman said, Allmy fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal withperformance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms:icy fingers, shaky limbs ,racing heart,blank mind.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Dont deny that youre jittery ,they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance, Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile, she says. And not one of these please dont kill me smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them. She doesnt want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright, says DorothyDelay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. .When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought, If I have to go through this to play music, I think I m going to look for another job. Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster. 6It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitzsnerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. They had to push him on stage, Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually, success can make things worse. In the beginning of your career,when youre scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they dont have any expectations, Soprano June Anderson said. Theres less to lose. Later on, when youre known, p.eople are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose. Anderson added, I never stop being nervous until Ive sung my last note. 词汇：veteran adj经验丰富的 jittery adj紧张不安的mentor n指导者soprano n女高音；女高音歌手 cellist n大提琴演奏家abdominal adj腹部的fallible adj易犯错误的tenor n男高音注释：1.Stage Fright：怯场2.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of preperformance panic.资深大提琴家Mstislav Rostropovich故意把Vladimir Feltsman绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症。cure somebody of something(illness，problem)：医治好病(解决问题)。3.its symptoms：icy fingers，shaky limbs，racing heart，blank mind：怯场的症状有：手指冰凉、四肢发抖、心跳加速、大脑一片空白。4.Teachers and psychologists offer wide? ranging advice，from basics like learning pieces inside out：老师和心理学家提出了方方面面的建议，从基础的做法，比如，将演奏曲目烂熟于心inside out：in great detail(详细的，从里到外的)5.I came to a point where I thought，If I have to go through this to play music，I think lm goingto look for anotherjob.我曾经一度认为，如果演出要经历这种慌乱，我宁可另找一份工作。6.Recovery，he said，involved developing humilityrecognizing that whatever his talent，he wasfallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.要克服怯场，就要学会谦虚，即认识到 不论自己有多大的才能，都可能犯错误;一场音乐会即使有不完美的地方，也不是要命的事情。练习：1. Falling down onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman to deal with his stage fright.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. There are many signs of stage fright.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme stage fright.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. To perform well on stage, you need to have some feelings of excitement.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. If you have stage fright, its helpful to have friendly audience.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expect too much of them.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Famous musicians never suffer from stage fright.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1.B本文第一段讲的是钢琴家Vladimir Feltsman被Mstislav Rostropovich绊倒后，他的怯场被治愈了的经历。2.A第二段的最后一句点出怯场的诸多症状：手指冰凉、四肢发抖、心跳加速、大脑一片空白。3.B 本文的第三、第四、第五和第六段都在讲老师和心理学家为怯场者提供全方位的建议。4.A依据第三段的倒数第二句：some excitement is natural，even necessary for dynamic playing.(适度的兴奋对于精彩演出是正常甚至是必要的)5.c第四段提到克服怯场的方法之一是：在观众中选择三名比较友善的人，与他们做眼神交流。所以克服怯场要靠自己而不是指望所有的观众都友好。6.A第五段讲了怯场的根源在于导师或父母对表演者要求太高。Extreme demands就是expect too much of them的意思。7.B第七段讲的是：不只年轻艺术家会怯场，钢琴家Vladimir Horowitz和男高音Franco Corelli亦不能幸免。Never一词不恰当。译文：如何避免怯场上台就跌倒。这是个奇特的办法！但不推荐。可它确实拯救了钢琴家弗拉基米尔菲兹曼，那个时候他才十几岁，正在莫斯科表演。资深大提琴手米提斯拉夫罗斯特罗波维奇故意在他上台前将他绊倒，帮助他摆脱上台前的恐慌。菲兹曼先生说：“所有的害怕都烟消云散类。我已经摔倒了，还有比这更糟糕的吗？”如今，音乐学校都在课堂中强调焦虑问题，因为这是讲授表演技巧和打好表演基础的课程。怯场有很多表现，比如手指冰冷、四肢发抖、心跳加速、大脑一片空白，音乐家们可以学着用许多多应变策略应对这些问题。教师和心理学家给出了许多建议，从基础的做法，比如将演奏曲目烂熟于心，到精神训练，比如想象演出场景，有步骤地进行放松等。他们强调，不要掩饰你的紧张感，适度的兴奋对于精彩演出是正当甚至是必要的。为了积累经验，要常在公众场合演出。黛安尼克尔斯是一名心理治疗师，她给出了一些上台前的建议：“做两次深度的腹式呼吸，扩胸，然后微笑，注意不是那种仿佛央求对方不要杀你的微笑，而是友好的微笑。从观众中选出三名比较友善的人，这些是你愿意与之交流并为之演奏的人，并与他们做眼神接触。”她不想让演奏者将观众当成是法官。多萝西德雷是一名著名小提琴教师，她认为来自导师和父母的苛刻要求常常是怯场的根源。她告诉其他教师，对学生的要求要以学生本身所能达到的水平为基础。林哈雷尔20岁的时候成为克利夫兰管弦乐队的首席大提琴手，但是他怯场非常严重。他说：“有时候我非常紧张，我甚至能肯定，观众一定能看到我的胸口随着心跳而搏动，简直变成了慌乱。”后来我竟然到了这个地步，我想“如果演出要经历这种慌乱，我宁可另找一份工作。”他说要克服怯场要谦虚，要认识到，不论自己有多大的才能，都可能犯错误，一场音乐会即使有不完美的地方，也不是灾难。当然，并不只有年轻人才会怯场。具有传奇色彩的钢琴家弗拉基米尔霍洛维茨的敏感神经同样尽人皆知。另一个例子是著名男高音弗朗科科莱里，女高音蕾娜塔思科多这样形容他：“必须得有人推着他才肯上台。”实际上，成名之后情况可能会变得更糟。“刚开始的时候，即使你怕得要死，也没有人知道你是谁，因为对你不抱有多大期望。”女高音琼安德森说道，“你不会有任何损失。但你成名以后，人们专程来看你的表演，那时他们一定是满怀期待而来，这样，你损失的东西就多了。”安德森还说：“直到唱完最后一个音符之前，我一直都会紧张。”二、阅读理解第29篇：Ill Be Bach（B级）Ill Be BachComposer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Copes computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they makenew music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it.Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns; Before long,the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good, but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work todo-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more. complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database.,A few years later, Copes computer program, called Emmy, was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computers musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesnt like of her music ,but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!词汇：original adj有独创性的collaboration n合作 review n评论feedback n反馈注释：1.J.S.Bach：约翰?塞巴斯蒂安?巴赫(德语：Johann Sebastian Bach，1685年3月31日-1750年7月28日)，巴洛克时期的德国作曲家，杰出的管风琴、小提琴、大键琴演奏家，同作曲家亨德尔和泰勒曼齐名。巴赫被普遍认为是音乐史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊称为“西方现代音乐之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。练习：l. The music composed by David cope is aboutA classical music.B pop music.C drama.D country music.2. By developing a computer software, David Cope aimedA to be like Bach.B to study Bach.C to write an opera.D to create a musical database3. What did Cope realize about a great composers brain?A It forms new musical patterns all by itself.B It writes a computer program.C It can recognize any music patterns.D It creates an accurate database.4. Who is Emmy?A a databaseB a computer softwareC a composer who helped DavidD an opera5. We can infer from the passage thatA David Cope is a computer programmer.B David Cope loves music.C Bachs music helped him a lot.D Emmy did much more work than a composer.答案与题解：1.A第一段的第一句：David Cope发明了一个可以编写出古典音乐的电脑软件。2.c从第二段的第一句可以看出，David编写电脑软件的目的是写歌剧。A、B和D都属于创作歌剧的一部分。3.D第二段的后半部分讲的是伟大的歌剧作者与一般的歌剧作者的不同之处是通过对数据进行准确的构建、记忆而后创作出新的音乐形式。4.B从第五段第一句可知Emmy是一计算机软件。 5.D从本文第一句可知David是一个作曲家，不是计算机程序员，所以排除A;B、C内容没有提及;从本文的第五段和第六段可知，Emmy大大提高了David的创作速度，最后一句，大部分困难的工作都由Emmy来做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。译文：我也能成为巴赫 作曲家大卫科普发明了一个电脑软件，它能写出古典音乐的原创作品。科普花了30年才完成这个软件，现在科普的电脑写出的作品与德国注明作曲家J.S.巴赫写的作品很相似，很少有人能分辨出其中的不同。这一切始于1980年的美国，那时科普正在写一部戏剧，但是他无法创作出新的旋律，于是他编写了一个电脑软件来帮他编曲。最开始的时候，软件写出的乐曲并不动听。科普是怎么做的呢？他开始重新考虑人们作曲的方式。他认识到作曲家的大脑就像一个大数据库，他们先是吸收他们听过的所有音乐，然后去除他们不喜欢的，最后再根据留下的音乐来创作出新的旋律。科普认为，只有伟大的作曲家才能建立好数据库，并能熟记于心，从而创造出新的音乐。科普根据现有的音乐建立了庞大的数据库，最开始的时候，数据库包含了几百部巴赫的作品。科普的软件将这些数据进行分析：首先它将音乐拆解成小的片段，从中找出固定模式，然后将片段组合成新的模式。不久，这个软件就能够写出和巴赫风格很像的小曲子。它们并不完美，但这只是个开始。科普知道，他要做的还有很多他得写出一整部歌剧。他进一步完善他的软件，不久他就能够写出更复杂的音乐了。他还在数据库中加入了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。几年后，科普的软件“艾米”已经能够帮助他创作歌剧了。创作过程需要作曲家和艾米共同配合。科普聆听艾米写出的音乐片段，从中选取他认为好的。有了艾米的帮助，科普只用了两个星期就完成这部歌剧，叫做摇篮坠落。演出获得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以来最高的评价，但是没有人知道他究竟是怎样创作出这部歌剧的。从那以后，艾米已经写了上千部作品。科普现在依然会给艾米反馈，告诉她自己哪些音乐是他喜欢的，哪些是不喜欢的，但是现在大部分艰巨的工作是由艾米来完成的。三、补全短文第十五篇：A Memory Drug?(A级)A Memory Drug?Its difficult to imagine many things that people would welcome more than a memory- enhancing drug. 1 Furthermore, such a drug could help people remember past experiences