医学英语术语学及应用ppt课件.ppt

医学英语术语学及应用 1 ChapterOne AnEtymological 词源的 StudyofEnglishLanguage 2 Indo EuropeanandGermanicInfluences EnglishbelongstotheIndo Europeanfamilyoflanguages averybroadlanguagefamilyincludingmostoftheEuropeanlanguagesspokentoday Thewordforfathervater inGerman pater inGreek pedarin Persian pater inLatin andpitr inSanskrit 3 Indo EuropeanandGermanicInfluences Incaseoftheword brother itisofsimilarnature InGreekitisphrater inLatinfrater inSanskritbhratar inFrenchfrereandinGermanbruderOfallthedifferentbranchesinIndo Europeanfamily twoareofparamountimportance theGermanicandtheRomance EnglishisintheGermanicgroupoflanguages 4 OldEnglish 450 1100 TheAngles Saxons andJutesfromnorthernGermany DenmarkandnorthernHollandinvadedBritishIslesandbegantopopulatethoseareas Anglo Saxons 5 OldEnglish 450 1100 theoriginal Celtic speakinginhabitants outofwhatisknowEngland Scotland Wales CornwallandIreland leavingbehindafewCelticwords 6 OldEnglish 450 1100 Theinvader slanguage Anglo Saxon developedintowhatweknowasOldEnglishwater stone foot fire sheep andstrongderivefromOldEnglishroots 7 TheNormanConquestandMiddleEnglish 1100 1500 WilliamtheConqueror theDukeofNormandy subsequentlyKingWilliamI invadedandconqueredEnglandandtheAnglo Saxonsin1066 TheyspokeadialectofOldFrenchknownasAnglo Norman TheNormanswerealsoofGermanicstockandAnglo NormanwasaFrenchdialectthathadconsiderableGermanicinfluencesinadditiontothebasicLatinroots 8 TheNormanConquestandMiddleEnglish 1100 1500 TheinfluenceoftheNormans beefandcowBeef Anglo NormanCow GermanThemixtureofthetwolanguages MiddleEnglish 9 EarlyModernEnglish 1500 1800 ThenextwaveofinnovationinEnglishcamewiththeRenaissance ManyclassicalLatinandGreekwordswerebroughtintotheLanguage grammar logic arithmetic geometry astronomy andmusicWilliamShakespeare 10 LateModernEnglish 1800 Present TheprincipaldistinctionbetweenEarlyModernEnglishandLatemodernEnglishisvocabulary Twohistoricalfactors IndustrialRevolutionandtheBritishEmpireNeologism oxygen protein nuclear vaccine Latin Greekroots 11 LateModernEnglish 1800 Present Horsepower airplane typewriter Englishroots Thisburstofneologismcontinuestoday visibleinthefieldofelectronicsandcomputers cyber bios hard drive andmicrochip 12 LateModernEnglish 1800 Present Inaddition theriseoftheBritishEmpireandthegrowthofglobaltradeservednotonlytointroduceEnglishtotheworldbuttointroducewordsintoEnglish Finally the20thcenturysawtwoworldwars andthemilitaryinfluenceonthelanguage 13 ChapterTwo AnEtymologicalStudyofMedicalEnglishBasedontheirorigin medicaltermscanbedividedintotwolargecategories nativeandborrowed 14 WordsEvolvedfromOldEnglish OldEnglishisbelievedtohaveessentiallydevelopedfromdialectspokenbytheAnglo Saxons MostmedicalwordsfromoldEnglishdenoteanatomicstructures organs substances andbasicconceptsofhumanactivities 15 AnatomicWords 16 WordsDenotingConcepts 17 WordsOriginatedfromGreek FromGreek EarlyModernEnglishreceivedgrammar logic arithmetic geometry astronomy andmusic AndmedicalterminologyisoneoftheareasthathavebeeninfluencedbyGreek 18 WordsOriginatedfromGreek 19 WordsOriginatedfromLatin TheearliestinfluenceofLatinlanguageonEnglishmaydatebacktotheRomanEmpire Withtheexpansion theRomansbroughttheirlanguagetootherpartsoftheentireEmpire GreaterinfluencewasexertedaftertheNormanConquest 20 WordsOriginatedfromLatin 21 WordsBorrowedfromFrench AftertheNormanConquest theconquerorsruledthecountryforalongperiodoftimeandleftadeepinfluenceontheEnglishlanguage AgreatnumberofFrenchwords includingthoseusedinmedicalworks tooktheirrootsinEnglish