在过去的20年里,反渗透海水淡.doc

在过去的20年里，反渗透海水淡化（SWRO）在工程上得到广泛应用，由此缓解了许多地方淡水缺乏的问题。Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has been widely applied over the last 20 years for fresh water 反渗透海水淡化技术是一种高效、节能、先进的液体分离技术。Seawater desalination utilizing reverse osmosis technology is an efficient, energy saving, advanced liquid separation 方法：采用反渗透海水淡化技术，通过海水预处理、高压反渗透脱盐等程序，从海水中获取可饮用的淡水。Methods: Seawater preparatory treatment, high pressure reverse osmosis desalination and other techniques were used to produce fresh water from 采用PVDF中空纤维膜及PTFE微孔平板膜组件对反渗透海水淡化浓盐水的真空膜蒸馏过程进行了研究。PVDF hollow fiber membrane module and PTFE flat membrane module were compared in the vacuum membrane distillation processes for brine from SWRO desalination 反渗透海水淡化法中膜组件的定期清洗是防治膜污染的主要措施之一。In the reverse osmosis desalination process, regular cleaning is one of main measures to prevent and control membrane fouling and 能量回收装置是反渗透海水淡化系统的关键设备之一，对降低系统运行能耗和造水成本至关重要。Energy recovery device, as one of the most important facilities of SWRO desalination system, is of great importance for reductions of the power consumption and the product 一名以色列雇员在阿希科伦的反渗透海水处理工厂检查反渗透膜。An Israeli employee inspects membranes that extract salt from the water at Ashkelons seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant, south of Tel A海水淡化是解决淡水危机的一个有效途径，而反渗透海水淡化技术是目前海水淡化工业一个重要发展趋势。Desalination is an effective method to solve water crisis. Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination will be industrys development trend of desalination technology in the 反渗透海水淡化法中膜组件的定期清洗是防治膜污染的主要措施之一。Information on Membrane separation techniques, membrane processing, the membranes and its components was 留住盐分: 加利福尼亚的坦帕，美国最大的反渗透海水淡化厂HOLD THE SALT: This desalination plant in Tampa, Fla., is the biggest reverse-osmosis facility in the U.S. Image: Tampa Bay W流体压力能回收和综合利用技术及装置的研究已经成为近年来反渗透海水淡化工业相关领域的热点。The rotary pressure exchanger based on the positive displacement principle was studied after the analysis and comparison of various hydro-energy recycle technologies and equipments in the 这说明当前的反渗透海水淡化工艺、工程设计以及系统操作等方面仍有很多值得改进的地方。It shows that the current SWRO system can be improved in some aspects, such as the SWRO technology, the engineering design, and the system operation 阿希科伦海水淡化厂是世界上最大的反渗透海水处理厂。Ashkelons desalination plant is one the biggest in the 在压力能回收技术应用中，反渗透海水淡化系统和合成氨工艺是重要的应用领域。The Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) system and the Synthetic Ammonia (SA) process are the important parts of application field in fluid pressure 结合反渗透海水淡化高压泵的能耗状况，合理选择了万吨级反渗透海水淡化高压泵的泵型，提出了一种轴向吸入节段式高压多级泵的新型结构型式。Considering the energy consumption of the HP-pump for SWRO, a reasonable type of high pressure pump was selected, and a new structure of the axial suction segment multistage pump was 最常见的膜分离形式被称为反渗透，即海水在被迫通过半透膜的时候分隔出盐。The most common type of membrane separation is called reverse osmosis. Seawater is forced through a semipermeable membrane that separates salt from 轻咬几下，待海水渗透到蚝肉里，一骨碌吞下，冰凉爽口。Nibble a few mouthfuls, not swiftly swallow in until the seawater penetrates into the oyster meat, how cold and refreshing!海水渗透了我的全身，冷得发抖，还不舍离去。Water penetration of my body, Lengde tremble, do not care to 高温与高压缓缓将这些有机沉积物变成现在的石油与天然气，这些化石燃料渗入地下的多孔岩石内部，就像海水渗透浮石内部一样。High temperatures and pressures then slowly transformed the organic sediments into todays oil and gas. These fossil fuels soak the porous underground rock almost like water soaks .tw海上的钻探可能使得海水渗透进在巨大氢气冰层蕴藏的地方，然后释放出来大量的气体到大气层。Offshore drilling could allow seawater to seep down into the huge icy deposits. And release tons of methane up into the 忽然有人想到沉船上还有不少面粉，砂糖，和黄油，他们把这些工具搬下船，可是曾经被海水渗透，都酿成湿乎乎地浆糊啦。Suddenly someone thought of shipwreck on there are a lot of flour, sugar, and butter, they put these things moved off, but has been saturated with seawater, into a wet 有人想到沉船上还有面粉，砂糖，和黄油，他们把工具搬下船，可是被海水渗透，都酿成浆糊啦。Suddenly someone thought of the ship and a lot of flour, sugar, and butter, they carry these boat, but has been saturated with water, have become wet 经济成规模化，更优化的薄膜和改进的能量再生能力，有助于降低采用逆渗透法淡化海水的成本。Economies of scale, better membranes and improved energy-recovery have helped to bring down the cost of reverse-osmosis 结果是，在逆渗透法进行海水淡化中所需的能量已经降低。As a result, the energy use for reverse-osmosis seawater desalination has 结果表明，在直接以高浊度海水为进水的情况下SFP超滤膜的出水水质符合海水反渗透系统的进水要求。The result shows that the treated water of SFP ultrafiltration membrane can meet the requirement of the feed water of seawater reverse osmosis 不同类型的超滤膜通过周期性的反洗可以使跨膜压差有较好的恢复率，这表明了超滤作为高浊度海水反渗透预处理是可行的。TMP of all the six membranes recovered well after backwashed periodically. It is shown that it is possible to pretreat high turbidity seawater by the ultrafiltration .基于过程系统综合的方法，对采用多级反渗透工艺的海水、苦咸水淡化系统的设计进行了研究。Based on the process system synthesis approach, the optimum design of various multistage reverse osmosis (RO) desalination systems was studied in this 因此，SFP超滤膜可以在高浊度海水为进水的情况下作为海水反渗透系统的预处理。So it is feasible to use the SF