烟大轮渡大跨度、大吨位、高精度钢梁安装施工技术

target (management) decomposition responsibility (reference) Ann 2-5-1 to seriously implement implementation security first, and prevention of approach, according to building construction security checks standard and Chengdu city building construction site supervision management provides of requirements, in combined this project manager production of reality, will and company signed set of safety integrated target management responsibility in the of target responsibility by about management personnel of security accountability for target decomposition, In order to maximize the control and reduction of all kinds of accidents in the construction of the project to ensure production safety. First, objectives: the project governed by the (Department) directly responsible for the production. Management team from project commencement to completion during by no casualties injured in accident, injury accident rate of no more than% (year), mechanical damage, fire accidents and may not happen. Second, implement safety measures, according to partial security technology to give the low-down the project team in a timely manner, and accumulation of security team members-organizational learning-related operations. Third, on the part of the management of project risk site, mechanical, electrical and other effective protection should be taken, not in violation of education workers not to break the operation to stop illegal operations. Four, regular safety checks to clear risks, supervision and inspection of owning the job correct use of protective . Personal economy, and the exercise of a veto. This responsibility shall come into force from the date of signature. Project Manager (signature): Project Manager (signature): date of project management (management) security objectives appraisal form (reference) 2-5-2 project name: manager name: Title: class dates (months) items 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 to implement technical measures (10 points) as part of construction organization design of techniques and measures to implement the technology to give the low-down (20 points) are governed by the team in time for technology to give the low-down the safe operation (20 points) whether organizations shift workers learn safety procedures Full protection (10 points) whether on by tube points part items engineering dangerous parts take has effective protection security checks (20 points) whether often for security checks, timely elimination hidden anti-three against (5 points) not illegal command, education workers not illegal operation stop illegal job protection supplies (5 points) supervision check belongs team personnel right using personal protection supplies civilization construction (20 points) by jurisdiction team job site whether reached civilization construction Total project assessment overall assessment security assessment of the leading group inbehavior rules scientifically divided to six classes. A of the form of politics is the discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline and discipline of life. It can be said is to cover the party activities. Second is the discipline method separately, Ji, concentrated on the discipline. The revised regulations from the original irregularities of the ten variable into six categories. Regulations of violation of the party constitution, to the detriment of the constitution authority and discipline behavior lacks necessary and serious responsibility accountability, and there is a discipline method. Now we adapt fully in accordance with the law of governing the country by law and in accordance with the regulations governing the party to take them apart, the legal attribution of law and discipline discipline. So the prominent characteristic is the discipline method separately, Ji The provisions of the Ordinance to discipline the table, make the law do not put inside the tube, to avoid our discipline or into party public security. Dont relate to the field, thus avoiding the repeated cross. Three is a reflection of strengthening the partys discipline construction of the latest achievements. New mainly reflect the partys eighteen years central resolutely implement the eight provisions, and resolutely against the four winds and so on, these new wrote the. For example, said the new in the implementation of the central eight of the spirit, a lot of opposition to the four winds wrote a clean Ji Law chapter, it represents the comprehensive strictly Party A the latest achievements. Party members if there is illegal and even criminal behavior, how to pursue disciplinary responsibility? According to Ji from the revision principle, where the state laws and regulations have stipulated content, will not re complex provisions. Revision of the Communist Party of China deleted 79 and criminal law, repeated terms of Public Security Management Punishment Law, and other laws and regulations. However, deletion law has provisions and not that the act is no longer the discipline, no longer be given disciplinary punishment. According to the party constitution, Party members have exemplary compliance with the obligations of the state laws and regulations, violations of the laws of the country are discipline Behavior. Remove the overlap with the discipline of the content and how to pursue party illegal and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility. difference between five different conditions, with special provisions to stipulate, to achieve effective convergence of laws and discipline. It should be said, the revised in the Ji method to separate the stickRefers to the provisions of regulations set at the same time, through the special provisions, the disciplinary punishment and the law of the land treatmentManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 桥梁施工新技术现场经验交流会 烟大轮渡大跨度、大吨位、高精度钢梁安装施工技术烟大轮渡大跨度、大吨位、高精度钢梁安装施工技术第一工程有限公司 韩朝内容提要：介绍利用浮吊吊装钢梁安装技术，大吨位钢梁架设技术，过渡配合轴孔穿轴技术以及高精度支座安装技术。关 键 词：钢梁 浮吊 临时支撑 安装 冷冻法 过渡配合 高精度1. 工程概况烟大轮渡工程（图1）是铁道部重点工程，铁路栈桥是烟大轮渡工程的重要组成部分，是渡船与陆地铁路连接的纽带。图1 烟大轮渡地理位置图1.1. 铁路栈桥总体简介烟大轮渡铁路栈桥为两跨自动升降式钢板梁结构，安装在中心提升架和船区提升架上的液压提升油缸，使钢梁可以随着潮位自动升降，钢梁还可以左右倾斜，最大倾角达5，油缸与提升架和钢梁的连接及陆区梁和船区梁的连接均为球铰，它们之间可以任意方向自由转动。陆区梁和2#台通过A1/A2支座、K1支座和B1/B2缓冲装置连接，保证钢梁可以前后移动和转动。总体构造如图2所示。下部工程主要有0#墩、1#墩及2#台，0#墩包括A/B两个墩，0#A墩6根桩基，一个承台，0#B墩11根桩基，一个承台；1#墩也为A/B两个墩，每墩各5根桩基，各一个承台；2#台15根桩基，一个承台。如图2所示。上部工程主要包括陆区梁、船区梁、纵向提升架及船区提升架的安装。图2 铁路栈桥总体结构图1.2. 钢梁安装工程范围烟大轮渡铁路栈桥安装包括提升架安装、钢梁吊装、钢梁调整就位及支座安装。提升架安装包括中心提升架和船区提升架(图3)安装；钢梁吊装包括船区梁 (图4)和陆桥梁 (图5)吊装；支座安装包括中心铰G1G5支座、竖向K1K3支座、转铰A1/A2支座及缓冲B1/B2支座等十二个支座安装。各结构主要技术参数见表1。图3 提升架结构图图4 船区梁平立面图图5陆区梁平立面图表1 铁路栈桥上部工程主要结构参数一览表工程部位外形尺寸吊装净重备注钢梁船区钢板梁30.85319.785/21.3698.18m290t包括支座及轨道陆区钢板梁54.64915.509/10.3245.952m410t包括支座及轨道提升架中心提升架19.9514m109.8t包括提升油缸船区提升架22.7316.74m88.8t包括提升油缸1.3. 钢梁安装重难点钢梁及提升架外形尺寸大和重量大，对安装带来较大困难。其主要的重难点有：a.大吨位钢板梁整体吊装涉及海上吊装的安全要求及其安装精度要求，铁路栈桥钢板梁的架设方案选择和组织是关键。b.采取何种措施保证提升架安装的精度要求，需要在测量仪器和控制措施方面着重考虑，是施工中控制的重点。c.各支座的安装精度要求极高，特别是G1/G2支座的紧配合、B1/B2大重量高精度多组件支座的精确安装既是本工程的重点又是难点。2. 钢梁安装的总体施工方案2.1. 钢板梁安装在既有墩台上搭设临时存梁支架，浮吊架设法安装铁路栈桥钢板梁。2.2. 提升架安装选用高精度测量仪器、选配测量高级技师，采用500t浮吊吊装就位，利用缆风绳固定，用两台全站仪在垂直的两个方向同时控制测量，准确就位后与第一节提升立柱上的预安装法兰焊接。3. 钢梁安装的主要施工方法3.1. 安装准备工作安装准备工作主要包括吊装设备、吊装索具、浮吊带缆点、临时支撑横梁布置及调位装置布置等准备。3.1.1. 吊装设备的选用 经对大连、烟台附近海域浮吊现状调查后认为，烟台救捞局工程处的“烟救起重1号”浮吊符合使用需要，该浮吊主要性能指标如表2所示。表2 500t浮吊主要技术参数一览表浮吊名称烟救起重1号主要尺寸总长m61.5型宽m27.0型深m4.5设计吃水平均m2.5最大m3.5总吨位t2023净吨位t681锚4.89t4无杆锚吊杆长m75吊杆高m50主钩舷外跨距（60仰角）m26副钩吊高55mt100吊机能力t500/100根据所提供的浮吊技术参数，起吊500t的物体，浮吊跨度可达26m，浮吊在桥位处起吊钢板梁就位的位置如图6所示。 图6 浮吊吊装钢板梁就位示意图3.1.2. 吊装索具的选用3.1.2.1. 扁担梁设计根据钢梁设计图纸和铁三院设计的吊点位置及要求，扁担梁采用钢箱梁框架结构，尺寸为26 m8.5 m1.5m，梁上部设计4个吊耳，梁下部设计8个吊耳，两边4个用于吊装陆区梁，中间4个用于吊装船区梁，扁担梁制作用钢板采用Q345B和Q370qE。扁担梁结构如图7。图7 扁担梁结构示意图3.1.2.2. 索具吊带采用巨力集团生产的合成纤维圆形吊装带，型号为R01型，吊带参数如表3。表3 R01型吊装带参数表项目名称型号荷载kg近似厚度mm近似宽度mm重 量kg/m安全系数吊装带R01-200型200000120450646连接装置采用卸扣和横销，卸扣采用巨力生产的BX型，横销为巨力根据吊装要求专门设计的产品。具体参数如表4。表4 卸扣及横销参数表项目名称型号荷载kg重 量kg安全系数备注卸扣T-BW150-4150000165.96横销20000020561500001606吊装用吊带共10条，卸扣4个，横销8个。具体参数见表5 。表5 索具数量规格表序号吊具名称规格型号长度m单位数量备 注1合成纤维吊带R01-20018.037条4上吊带，陆、船区梁共用7.43条2下吊带1，陆、船区梁共用7.711条2下吊带2，船区梁使用7.139条2下吊带3，陆区梁用2卸扣T-BW150-4个4下吊带与钢梁连接3横销200个4上吊带与扁担梁连接150个4下吊带与扁担梁连接3.1.2.3. 浮吊、扁担梁及索具连接设计浮吊通过扁担梁将钢梁吊起，移动就位后将钢梁准确地放在临时支墩上。上吊带和扁担梁及500t浮吊吊钩连接，下吊带1、下吊带3和扁担梁及陆区梁连接，下吊带1、下吊带2和扁担梁及船区梁连接。连接固定后，浮吊吊梁移动就位，按照测放的落梁边线落梁。浮吊吊梁具体见图8和图9。图8 陆区梁吊装示意图图9 船区梁吊装示意图3.1.3. 浮吊带缆点布置浮吊自身没有动力，在工作区工作时，浮吊的移动不是靠拖轮拖行，而是靠浮吊上面的绞车绞动各个方向的固定缆绳。浮吊背向桥方向抛锚设缆，浮吊面向桥方向固定在桥墩、桥台及栈桥侧岸边布设的带缆点上。0#墩处缆环设在桩基础上，连接环露出水面；1#墩处缆环在墩顶设预埋U型螺栓，用后割除；2#墩处缆环在墩侧预设预埋件，焊接连接钩作缆环，用后割除。如图10所示。图10 铁路栈桥墩台身上浮吊缆环布置图另外在浮吊架梁中心线对应的陆地上布置了地锚，以保证浮吊能够准确对位架梁。3.1.4. 临时支撑布置临时支撑横梁使用90cm高H型钢焊结梁结构，2#台上设置四个钢支墩，1#墩上设八三式军用墩排架作为支撑，上面安装H型钢横梁，0#墩处将H型钢横梁直接放在混凝土承台上，横梁与混凝土之间垫钢板滑道8聚四氟乙烯滑板垫在H型钢横梁和钢板滑道间，并涂抹黄油做润滑剂，以便采用手拉葫芦对钢梁进行微调。3.1.4.1. 0墩上临时支撑横梁在0墩承台混凝土表面预埋钢板做为滑动底板，上置聚四氟乙烯滑板。支撑横梁放在滑板之上，上顶面垫硬橡胶，如图11所示。图11 0#桥墩临时支撑横梁设置图横梁计算简图如图12所示。图12 0#桥墩临时支撑横梁计算简图初步检算：船区梁钢梁重290t，按铁三院横纵梁分布情况分配两侧计算重量为0墩支点处P1=107.8t，1墩支点处P3=70.2t。梁所受的最大弯矩M=2379.74kNm，选取三根HN900300 H型钢。作为0墩支撑船梁横梁，梁上应力最大处的应力为=28.95MPa=160 MPa。满足要求。3.1.4.2. 1墩顶临时支撑横梁在1墩承台顶面预埋钢板。临时支墩与预埋钢板连接，支墩上固定H型钢横梁，H型钢横梁在支墩滑道上可作横纵向移动，横梁和滑道间垫聚四氟乙烯滑板，梁顶面垫橡胶。临时支撑布设见图13。图13 1#桥墩临时支撑横梁设置图临时支墩采用我单位83军用支墩，每根竖向受力达100t，且每个支点采用6根一组，支撑力可达600t，结构受力满足要求，因此只进行横梁检算，横梁计算简图如图14、图15。 图14 陆梁钢梁在1墩上的支撑对陆梁钢梁支撑1#墩横梁检算：陆区梁钢梁重410t，按横纵梁分布情况分配两侧重量为1#墩支点处P2=143.4t。梁所受的最大弯矩M=2978.19kNm，选取三根HN900300 H型钢作为陆区梁钢梁支撑1#墩横梁。则梁上应力最大处的应力为=36.23MPa=160 MPa。满足要求。图15 船梁钢梁在1墩上的支撑对船梁钢梁支撑1#墩横梁检算：1#墩支点处P3=70.2t，梁所受的最大弯矩M= 1502.57kNm，选取二根HN900300 H型钢作为船区梁钢梁支撑1#墩横梁。则梁上应力最大处的应力为=27.4MPa=160 MPa，满足要求。3.1.4.3. 2台顶临时支撑在2台顶及纵梁下面放置工字钢垫块，使2台顶的支撑顶面垫聚四氟乙烯滑板后达到钢梁初安标高。事先把K1支座与钢梁连接在一起，同钢梁一起安装，等钢梁安装后将支座螺栓和预埋钢板焊接，支撑示意图如图16所示。图16 2#桥墩临时支撑设置图3.1.5. 调位装置布置调位装置主要用于解决在浮吊上将钢板梁吊放在临时横梁上的精确对位。横向采用机械千斤顶调位，其装置如图17所示；竖向采用液压千斤顶调位，其装置如图18所示；纵向采用导链和机械千斤顶调位，其装置如图19、图20所示。1#墩、0#墩横梁下垫四氟板，四氟板下垫钢板，钢板和四氟板间涂抹黄油作为润滑剂。2#台在陆区梁轴横梁和支撑墩间垫四氟板，并涂抹黄油做润滑剂。图17 横向调位装置示意图图18 竖向调位装置示意图图19 纵向调位装置示意图（1）图20 纵向调位装置示意图（2）3.2. 铁路栈桥钢梁安装3.2.1. 钢梁安装流程钢板梁的安装施工，包括准备工作、钢板梁吊装就位和钢板梁连接安装，其安装流程图如图21所示。 图21 钢板梁安装步骤图3.2.2. 临时支撑安装八三军用墩直接在1#承台上拼装，与预埋的钢板连接固定；H型钢在陆地加工厂焊接接长，利用36t海吊吊装就位，固定在八三墩和0#墩预埋件上。3.2.2.1. 八三军用墩安装八三墩在拼装前进行防腐处理，以防止海水的腐蚀。八三墩根据设计的拼装图按照八三墩手册的要求在1#A及1#B墩上拼装成形，将成形支撑高程调整到设计高程并与墩上预埋件焊接固定。3.2.2.2. H型钢横梁制作安装H型钢焊接接长，连接形式为焊接钢板夹板，如图22 H型钢焊接结构图。焊接完成后用炮车将H型钢横梁运到1#墩右侧码头，用36t海吊吊装就位，1#墩上与八三军用墩支撑连接固定，0#墩与承台上预埋钢板连接固定。图22 H型钢焊接结构图1#墩和0#号墩临时支撑钢梁布置情况如图23、图24。图23 1#墩上临时支撑横梁图24 0#墩上临时支撑横梁3.2.3. 测量放样在临时支撑横梁搭设完成后、钢板梁吊放就位前，根据制定的测量放样方案，在桥位上放置出钢板梁的定位控制点，以便浮吊吊放钢板梁时，尽量定位准确。在横梁上主要测放出桥梁设计中心线及钢梁在各横梁处的钢梁边线。在钢梁的两个侧面标记每个墩台上横梁的位置，钢梁就位时根据各标记线准确对位。为了便于控制，在横梁上焊接钢梁边线限位器。3.2.4. 钢梁吊装就位在驳船运输钢梁按预定位置停泊后，使用浮吊起吊钢板梁，并安放在预定的位置上，其作业流程如图25所示。吊装实况如图26、图27、图28、图29所示。第一步：浮吊、拖轮、驳船、钢板梁、钢扁担就位，第二步：浮吊前移就位锚定，准备吊陆区梁第三步：浮吊吊起陆区梁并后移至横移起点位置第四步：浮吊吊梁横移至陆区梁架梁中心线第五步：利用工作船将浮吊前方五根缆绳固定在前方带缆装置上第六步：浮吊吊梁前移至铁路栈桥侧，安装陆区梁第七步：浮吊后撤至横移起点位置，船区梁驳船就位第八步：重新带缆，浮吊横移至吊梁中心线第九步：浮吊前移，吊船区梁第十步：浮吊吊梁后撤至横移起点第十一步：浮吊吊梁横移至船区梁架梁中心线，重新带缆第十二步：浮吊吊梁前移，架设船区梁第十三步：架梁全部完成，浮吊、驳船等撤离图25 钢板梁吊装流程图图26 陆区梁起吊图27 陆区梁就位图28 船区梁起吊图29 船区梁就位3.2.5. 提升架安装中心提升架和船区提升架在岸上组装好后，整体吊装就位，组装部分包括横梁、第二节提升立柱和提升油缸。安装时先安装中心提升架，再安装船区提升架。3.2.5.1. 提升架的拼装提升横梁、第二节立柱和提升油缸的拼装采用平放法，此方法便于各部件对位连接，但对各物件的水平状态要求很高。在拼装前，在拼装场内做好拼装平台，按照每个部件的尺寸和拼装高程加工支撑架，将每个部件放在支撑架上进行拼装。横梁下放置两个支撑架，高度为100cm，每节第二节提升立柱下放置两个支撑架，高度为80cm。提升架的拼装在桥头堡旁边E墩上进行拼装，由于场地狭小，中心和船区提升架分开拼装，先拼装中心提升架，吊装就位后在拼装船区提升架并吊装就位，如图30提升架拼装图。图30 提升架拼装图3.2.5.2. 提升架吊装拼装好后，用500t浮吊吊装就位，提升架和已安装的第一节提升立柱准确对位后，将第二节提升立柱和连接在第一节提升立柱上的下法兰焊接。由于海中风浪，浮吊在工作时不是很稳定，立柱对位较难控制，为了方便定位，在第二节立柱下法兰上焊接6块导向钢板，导向钢板的位置根据第一节立柱的安装偏差和横梁的加工偏差控制，导向钢板高25cm，宽10cm，6块导向钢板组成的圆比提升立柱直径大8mm。吊装带使用吊装钢梁的合成纤维吊带，用150t卸扣与横梁上的两个吊耳连接。为了保证吊装过程中提升架受力合理，吊装时采用3点吊装，500吨浮吊吊横梁的两个吊耳，利用2台50吨汽车吊吊第二节提升立柱根部。起吊时，三台吊车同时起吊，先将提升架水平吊起，然后提升浮吊吊钩，使提升架成铅垂状态，松开第二节提升立柱根部的吊钩，浮吊吊提升架移至铁路栈桥侧就位提升架。提升架就位后，每个立柱处用四根缆风绳固定，调整立柱水平位置和垂直度，误差满足允许偏差要求后，进行第二节立柱和下法兰焊接。调节和焊接时，浮吊始终和提升架保持连接状态，以免由于焊接强度没有达到要求而出现安全事故。提升架起吊时，提升油缸的保护是非常重要的一个环节，提升油缸在起吊过程中不允许有磕碰。提升油缸的保护主要是在地面铺设木板滑道，在提升架由水平状态到垂直状态过程中，提升油缸的底部在木板滑道上滑动，当提升架起吊至一定高度时，提升油缸离开地面，悬吊在提升架上。现场吊装实况图31、图32、图33所示。图31 提升架起吊图32 提升架吊起图33 提升架就位3.2.6. 钢梁连接安装3.2.6.1. 连接陆区桥与船区桥横向、竖向、纵向调整各横梁，使钢梁按安装设计位置精确定位。用油顶将连接两桥的销轴穿入陆区梁叉型构件与船区梁芯板的孔内。连接陆区桥与船区桥用G1/G2支座，设计上称之为支座，实际就是两根320402mm350112mm450120mm钢销，钢销安装是本工程的难点之一，钢销与销孔之间在设计上320h7 j6为过渡配合，而且一根钢销要同时穿过三个孔，由于钢销和孔没有间隙，在钢销正常情况下无法穿入孔内，需要将其冷却收缩并借助一定的外力才能完成安装。安装主要采用冷却反力架法安装。即对销轴进行冷却，使其收缩，然后通过反力架，用千斤顶将钢销顶入孔内。一根钢销要同时穿过三个没有间隙孔，这对三孔的同轴度要求很高，如果两片钢梁调整对位不够精确，同轴度不是很高，冷却收缩的钢销在恢复到原尺寸前不能安装到位，就将卡在孔内，无法安装到位，也无法取出，只有破坏钢销和钢梁上的轴承，然后重新加工，这从整个工程的各个角度来讲都是不允许的，一次穿轴必须确保成功。采用高精度的测量仪器，采取精确的能够微调的调梁装置进行陆区梁和船区梁的对位调整，在准确对位后，用比设计钢销小20个丝的试轴进行检查，如果试轴能够较容易的穿入三个孔内，并能较容易的转动，则可以进行正式穿销施工。冷却采用干冰保温箱，在干冰保温箱内装入干冰颗粒，将销轴放入保温箱内，埋在干冰颗粒内部，让干冰包裹销轴进行冷却，使销轴直径有一定的收缩，冷却时间不能低于15h。进行安装时，将销轴从干冰保温箱内拿出，立即进行安装，以免销轴受热后恢复到原来尺寸。由于销轴重量为450kg，靠人力无法搬动，在干冰保温箱内放入和取出采用电动葫芦，电动葫芦悬挂在滑动小车上，滑动小车放在托架的轨道上，托架固定在桥面上。人手与钢销接触时保护用品采用厚棉手套即可。电动葫芦、小车及托架见图34。图34 电动葫芦、小车及托架图干冰保温箱用1cm厚竹胶板制作，里面紧靠竹胶板板放置5cm聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板，保温板接缝必须严密，用密封胶封闭。木箱内尺寸为106050cm，可以放置1个销轴。干冰保温箱如图35。图35 干冰保温箱经过实际操作，干冰冷冻可以满足施工需要，钢销在冷冻15h后可以收缩35丝，在22环境中，45min后钢销外径恢复到原状。安装的4个钢销，最长时间50min，最短时间25分钟。钢销安装时采用反力架，通过反力架使千斤顶对钢销加力，将钢销顶孔内。反力架安装如图36 所示。现场安装实况如图37、图38、图39所示。图36 钢销安装示意图图37 钢销出箱及准备对位图38 千斤顶顶入钢销图39 安装完成后的钢销表面结霜3.2.6.2. 提升油缸与钢梁连接船区提升油缸及中心提升油缸与横梁在陆上连接，整体吊装固定。然后安装油管，调整油缸活塞杆长度，先后连接船区提升油缸300480mm钢销和中心提升油缸360580mm钢销。钢销放入销孔位后用撞木撞入孔内。把钢梁与提升架连接后，利用油缸提梁，提升到一定高度锁定。提升油缸钢销安装见图40。图40 提升油缸钢销安装图3.2.6.3. 拆除临时支撑和横梁及落梁1#墩H型钢横梁用手拉葫芦横移到八三军用墩边缘，用四台10t手拉葫芦将横梁悬挂在钢梁横轴上，然后放到30t平驳上，运到岸边用吊车吊到岸上。然后拆除八三军用墩。0#墩横梁由于两端支撑在混凝土承台上，而且横梁两侧有防撞立柱和提升架立柱，无法横移，采用悬挂截断法拆除。先用4台10t手拉葫芦将横梁悬挂在钢梁横轴上，然后将横梁两端在混凝土承台上的部分割断，将中间部分用手拉葫芦放到30t平驳上运到岸边，用吊车吊到岸上。为了保证钢梁的稳定，在拆除#台临时支撑时，先将陆区梁用钢丝绳固定在2#台上，然后用2台200t千斤顶顶起陆区梁，拆除横梁和支墩。临时支撑全部拆除后，用提升油缸和2#台的2台200t千斤顶将两片钢梁下放到设计水平工作位置，进行微调，保证钢梁桥面上的轨道轨顶高程在设计和规范允许误差范围内，然后锁定油缸，此时A1/A2支座的安装在钢梁上的上部分落在安装在2#台上的下部分上，通过A1/A2支撑陆区梁接陆端，拆除2台200t千斤顶。3.2.6.4. G3/G4/G5支座安装安装人员通过小船上的工作平台，将陆区梁和船区梁的相应支座连杆准