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When 2 different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings ,they are said to be in am_ pair .3. R_motivation refers to the fact that learners learn a second language for external purposes .4. Later Noam Chomsky prefers this innate endowment as UG ,i.e. U_ Grammar.5. In NP （Deg )A(pp), the dots in the rule indicate that other c_options are available .6. The articulatory apparatus of human being are contained in 3 important areas :the p_ cavity，the oral cavity ,and the nasal cavity.7. L_refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community .8. H_refers to the sense relation between a more general ,more inclusive word and a more specific word .9. The description of a language at a given point in time is a s_ study.10. The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication is called p_.11. The structure corresponding to the final syntactic output of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations is called s_structure.12. The term d_, first used by Ferguson in 1959,refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism .13. Learners independent system of the second language which is of neither the second language is known as i_.14. The sound pin pit is pronounced with a strong puff of air, which is said to be a_.15. C_ model states that in word comprehension words are analyzed by hearers from beginning to end.16. S_ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form and is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form .17. Major lexical categories are Noun, Verb , Adjective , and P_.18. S_ is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between linguistic and society between the uses of language and social structures.19. P_ isconcerned with the progress of language comprehension and production.20. Linguistics studies not any particular language ,but languages in g_.II. Multiple choice(20%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21. _refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed .A.SyntaxB. EtymologyC. LexicologyD. Morphology22. _ aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication .A. PhoneticsB. PhonemicsC. PhonologyD. Phonotactics23. Language _ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language.A. aptitudeB. competenceC. performanceD. attitude24. _ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional ,social, gender, and age variations .A. IdiolectB. PidginC. SociolectD. Creole25. A(n) _ is a word formed by combining parts of other words , e.g. smog .A. back -formation B. blendC. abbreviationD. clipping26. The traditional and the only way to study the brain in the past was through _ studies .A. experimental B. surgicalC. autopsyD. observational27._ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form ,i.e. Different words are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both .A. PolysemyB. Synonym C. HomophoneD. Homonymy28.The arrow in the phrase structure rule SNP VP is read as _.A. is equal toB. generatesC. hasD. consists of29._ of neighbouring sound is , for the most part ,caused by articulatory or physiological progress .A. AssimilationB. FormalizationC. DerivationD. Patterning30.The drive that people learn a foreign language because of the wish to identify with the target culture is called _ motivation .A. instrumentalB. resultativeC. integrativeD. intrinsic31There are different types of affixes pr morphemes .The affix ed in the word learned is known as a(n)_.A.derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form32.If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyzed the language people actually use ,it is said to be _A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic33.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. Saussure C. N. ChomskyD.M.A.K Halliday34.Of the following sound combination ,only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English .A. mibleB. bmilC. imlbD. ilbm35Which of the following English words is formed by clipping ?A. smogB.UNESCO C. baby-sitD. disco36Of the following words ,_ belongs to the open class word .A. emaiB. butC. theD. they37The sense relation for the pair of words doctor and patient is _A. synonymyB. hyponymyC. antonymyD. homonymy38In learning a foreign language,instances of mother tongue interference can be found act the level of _.A. pronunciationB. vocabularyC. syntaxD. all of the above39According to F .de Saussure,_ refers to the system of language .A. langueB. paroleC. competenceD. performance40.The utterance We re already working 25 hours a day, 8 days a week obviously violates the maxim of _A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. mannerIII. True of false judgement (20%)Judge whether the following statements are true or false .Write T in ye corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one .41.Damage to parts of the brain in front of the central sulcus will cause fluent aphasia .42.D-structure is formed by the XP rule in accordance with the heads supercanonization properties .43.An illocution act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something .It is the consequence of the utterance .44.The LAD was described as an imaginary black box which is said to contain rules that are specific only to human languages .45.Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structure semantics to analyze lexical word meaning .46.Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .47.Acronyms are words derives from the initials and ending of several words .48. Diglossia refers to the dialect having to do with separation brought about by different social conditions.49.In daily life people often see the situation in which adult speak differently when talking to little children ,they use a special speech called motherese.50.Phonology is the study of how speech sounds are produced by human speech organsIV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)51.broad transcription vs narrow transcription52.selection restriction53.speech act theory54.Critical Period Hypothesis55.Draw a tree diagram for the surface structure of A man will find the dogV. Write a passage of 120-150 words on the following topic .(15%)56. What are the major views concerning the study of meaning ?部分参考答案：1. acoustic2. minimal3. Resultative4. Universal5. complement6. pharyngeal7. Langue8. Hyponymy9.synchronic10. pragmatics11.surface12. diaglossia13. Interlanguage14. aspirated15. Cohort16. Sense 17. Preposition18. Siciolinguistics19. Psycholinguistics20. general21. D22.C23.A24.A25. B26. C27. D28.D29. A30.C31. C32.A33.C34.A35.D36. A37. C38.D39.A40.A41.F42.F43. F44.T45.T46. F47. F48.F49. T50.F2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷（课程代码06422）I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1.The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic r_.2.I_ motivation refers to learners learning the second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning.3.The phonetic transcription, n_ transcription ,is normally used by phoneticians to give minute and detailed descriptions of speech sounds.4.The way that new words are coined from already existing words by “subtracting ” an affix thought to be part of the old word is called b_.5.The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f_.6.In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t_ across generations.7.P_ is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.8.When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart to let air go through without vibration, the sounds thus produced are v_.9.The social group that is singled out for any special study is named as the s_ community.10. According to N. Chomsky, c_ refers to the ideal user s knowledge of the rules of his language .11. P_ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.12. The notion of c_ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.13. Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called f_ aphasia.14. The c_ view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.15. Lexical d_ task is a kind of experiment psycholinguistics employ to investigate lexical access.16. A theory which explicitly employs the notion “concept ”is the semantic t_ proposed by Ogden and Richards in their book The Meaning of Meaning.17. Clear l and dark l are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_ distribution.18. Since there are often intermediate forms between the two members of an antonymous pair, so they are called g_ antonyms.19. S_ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.20. A t_ experiment is a technique that is used to study the determinants of sentence processing difficulty.II. Multiple choice(15%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21.Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes,_, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed , added , lost or altered.A. phrases B. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterance22. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features :A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced , bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative23.The study of language as a whole is often called _.A. universal linguistics B. common linguisticsC. prescriptive linguisticsD. general linguistics24.In the phrase structurerule “SNP VP”， the arrow can be read as _.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates25.The illocutionary point of _is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressivesD declarations26.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M.A.F. Halliday27._ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language because of the wish to identify with the target culture.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. Integrative D. Social28.While different words may have the same or similar meaning , the same word may have more than one meaning. This kind of words are called _.A. polysemic wordsB. homographsC. homonyms D. synonyms29.The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative30.Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher _ in the late 50s of the 20th century.A. M.A.F. Halliday B. L. BloomfieldC . J. SearleD. J. Austin31.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language ,it is said to be _.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic32.In the case of spit, the consonant p is said to be _.A. aspiratedB. voicedC. unaspiratedD. unprounceable33.What the element “-es ” indicates is third person singular ,present tense ,the element “-ed ” past tense, and“-ing ”progressive aspect .Since they are the smallest units of language and meaningful ,they are also _.A. phonemesB. phonesC. allophonesD. morphemes34.Synoymous are classified into several kinds .This kind to which girl andlass belong is called _ synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational35.In a speech community People have something in common _: a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.A.sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmaticallyIII. True of false judgement (20%)36.The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops .37.A creole is said to be formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community ,and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language .38.Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .39.A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can distinguish two words .40.Register refers to the type of utterance which is selected as appropriate to the type oftypology.41.Phonology studies the functioning of the speech sounds.42.Predication analysis was proposed by the British linguist J. Searle to analyze the meaning of utterance .43.Specifiers have both special semantic and syntactic roles since theyhelp make more precise the meaning of the head and mark a phrase boundary.44.Different language offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently, this is also known as linguistic relativity.45.Metacognitive strategiesdeal with the wayside learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or non-native .IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)46.derivational morpheme47.IPA( International Phonetic Alphabet)48.cultural transmission49.Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure50.The naming theoryV. Essay question (20%)51.According to Austin ,what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance ? Give an example.参考答案1.repertoire2.Intrinsic3.narrow4.back-formation5.features6.transmission7.Ppetence11.Pplementary18.gradable19.Sense20.timed-reading21. C22. B23.D24. B25.C26.C27.C28. A29.B30.C31.B32.C33.D34.B35.B36.T 37.T38.F39.T40.F41.T42. F 43. T 44.T45. F46.Morphemesthatchangethemeaningorlexicalcategoryofthewordstowhichtheyattach.47.Itisastandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemofphonetictranscription.48.Whilehumancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.,wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,thedetailsofanylanguagesystemarenotgeneticallytransmitted,butinsteadhavetobetaughtandlearned.Languageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinstinct49.Thefirst,formedbytheXPruleinaaccordancewiththeheadssubcategorizationproperties,iscalleddeepstmcture.Thesecond,correspondingtothefinalsyntacticformofthesentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformations,iscalledsurfacestructure50.Oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,andalsoaveryprimitiveone,wasthenamingtheoryproposedbytheancientGreekscholarPl