高中英语定语从句讲解及练习.xls

第 1 页 共 32 页 点击朗诵16国外语 需要启用宏后才能使用朗诵功能 启用方法 先启用编辑 然后启用宏内容 2003版启用方法如下 工具 宏 安全性 低或中 重启文档 启用宏 3 1 3 5 4 不会启用宏 点击查看帮助 请根据内容选择以下语种 再点击单词朗诵 祝你学习进步 1 en 定语从句是高中重点知识 也是高考常考点 大家也不容易掌握 这篇文章主 要教你关系代词引导的 定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句 判断关系代词与关系副词 限制性和非限制性定 语从句等内容 有例题讲解 定语从句在句中做定语 修饰一个名词或代词 被修饰的名词词组或代词即先 行词 定语从句通常出 现在先行词之后 由关系词 关系代词或关系副词 引出 关系代词有 who whom whose that which等 关系副词有 when where why等 18 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词 并在句中充当主语 宾语 定 语等成分 关系代词 在定语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 1 who whom that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词 在从句中作主语和 宾语 例如 英语韩国语法语日语德语葡萄牙语西班牙语阿拉伯语 瑞典语南非荷兰语捷克语泰语越南语中文世界语塞尔维亚语 第 2 页 共 32 页 Is he the man who that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗 who th at在从句中作主语 He is the man whom that I saw yesterday 他就是我昨天见的那个人 w hom that在从句中作宾语 2 whose 用来指人或物 只用作定语 若指物 它还可以同of which互换 例如 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down 那人车坏 了 大家都跑过去帮忙 Please pass me the book whose of which cover is green 请递给我那 本绿皮的书 3 which that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词 在从句中可作主语 宾语等 例如 A prosperity which that had never been seen before appears in the countryside 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣 which that在句中作宾语 The package which that you are carrying is about to come unwrap ped 你拿的包快散了 which that在句 中作宾语 18 2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间 地点或理由的名词 在从句中作状语 1 关系副词when where why的含义相当于 介词 which 结构 因此常常和 介词 which 结构交替使 用 例如 There are occasions when on which one must yield 任何人都有不得 不屈服的时候 Beijing is the place where in which I was born 北京是我的出生地 Is this the reason why for which he refused our offer 这就是他拒 绝我们帮助他的理由吗 2 that代替关系副词 可以用于表示时间 地点 方式 理由的名词后取代when where why和 介 which 引导的定语从句 在口语中that常被省略 例如 His father died the year that when in which he was born 他 父亲在他出生那年逝世了 He is unlikely to find the place that where in which he live d forty years ago 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方 第 3 页 共 32 页 18 3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后 面无宾语 就必须要求用 关系代词 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year 这是我去年呆过 的山村 I ll never forget the days when I worked together with you 我永远不 会忘记与你共事的日子 判断改错 错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year 错 I will never forget the days when I spent in the countrysid e 对 This is the mountain village which I visited last year 对 I ll never forget the days which I spent in the country side 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where when联系在一起 此两题 错在关系词的误用上 方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能 正确选择出关系代词 关 系副词 例1 Is this museum you visited a few days age A where B that C on which D the one 例2 Is this the museum the exhibition was held A where B that C on which D the one 例1变为肯定句 This museum is you visited a few days ago 例2变为肯定句 This is the museum the exhibition was held 在句1中 所缺部分为宾语 而where that on which都不能起到宾语的作用 只有the one既做了主句 的表语 又可做从句的宾语 可以省略关系代词 所以应选D 而句2中 主 谓 宾俱全 从句部分为句子的状语表地点 既可用副词where 又因 in the museum 第 4 页 共 32 页 词组 可用介词in which 引导地点状语 而此题中 介词on 用的不对 所以 选A 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分 先行词在从句中做主 定 宾语时 选 择关系代词 who whom that which whose 先行词在从句中做状语时 应选择关系副词 where 地 点状语 when 时间状语 why 原 因状语 18 4 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分 去掉它主句意思往往不 明确 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明 去掉了也不会影响主句的意思 它 与主句之间通常用逗号 分开 例如 This is the house which we bought last month 这是我们上个月买的那幢 房子 限制性 The house which we bought last month is very nice 这幢房子很漂亮 是我们上个月买的 非限制性 2 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时 其后的定语从句通常是 非限制性的 例如 Charles Smith who was my former teacher retired last year 查理 史密斯去年退休了 他曾经是我的老师 My house which I bought last year has got a lovely garden 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园 This novel which I have read three times is very touching 这本小 说很动人 我已经读了三遍 3 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词 对其进行修饰 这时从句谓语 动词要用第三人称单数 例如 He seems not to have grasped what I meant which greatly upset s me 他似乎没抓住我的意思 这使我心烦 Liquid water changes to vapor which is called evaporation 液 态水变为蒸汽 这就叫做蒸发 说明 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 18 5 介词 关系词 1 介词后面的关系词不能省略 第 5 页 共 32 页 2 that前不能有介词 3 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词 关系词 结构可以同关系副 词when 和where 互换 例如This is the house in which I lived two years ago 这是我两年前住 过的房子 This is the house where I lived two years ago Do you remember the day on which you joined our club 还记得你加入 我们俱乐部的那一天吗 Do you remember the day when you joined our club 18 6 as which 非限定性定语从句 由as which 引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句 相当于and this或and that As 一般放在句首 which在句中 例如 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health 如我们所知 吸烟有 害健康 The sun heats the earth which is very important to us 太阳使地 球暖起来 这对我们人类很重要 典型例题 1 Alice received an invitation from her boss came as a surprise A it B that C which D he 答案C 此为非限定性从句 不能用 that修饰 而用which it 和he 都使后 句成为句子 两个独立的 句子不能单以逗号连接 况且选he句意不通 2 The weather turned out to be very good was more than we coul d expect A what B which C that D it 答案B which可代替句子 用于非限定性定语从句 而what不可 That 不能用 于非限定性定语从句 it不为连词 使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通 3 It rained hard yesterday prevented me from going to the par k A that B which C as D it 第 6 页 共 32 页 答案B as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时 这两个关系代词都指主句所表 达的整个意思 且在定 语从句中都可以作主语和宾语 但不同之处主要有两点 1 as 引导的定语从句可置于句首 而which不可 2 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若为行为动词 则从句 中的关系代词只能用which 在本题中 prevent由于是行为动词 所以正确选项 应为B as 的用法 例1 the same as such as 中的as 是一种固定结构 和 一样 例如 I have got into the same trouble as he has 我碰到了跟他一样的 麻烦 例2 as可引导非限制性从句 常带有 正如 例如 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health 如我们所知 吸烟 有害健康 As is known smoking is harmful to one s health As是关系代词 例1中的as作know的宾语 例2中 它充当从句的主语 谓语动词kn ow要用被动式 18 9 关系代词that 的用法 1 不用that的情况 a 引导非限定性定语从句时 例如 错 The tree that is four hundred years old is very famous h ere b 介词后不能用 例如 We depend on the land from which we get our food 我们依赖土地 获得食物 We depend on the land that which we get our food from 2 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a 在there be 句型中 只用that 不用which 第 7 页 共 32 页 b 在不定代词 如 anything nothing the one all much few an y little等作先行词时 只用that 不用which c 先行词有the only the very修饰时 只用that d 先行词为序数词 数词 形容词最高级时 只用that e 先行词既有人 又有物时 例如 All that is needed is a supply of oil 所需的只是供油问题 Finally the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 定语从句 1 The place interested me most was the Children s Palace A Which B where C what D in which 2 Do you know the man A whom I spoke B to who spoke C I spoke to D that I spoke 3 This is the hotel last month A which they stayed B at that they stayed C where they stayed at D where they stayed 4 Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded A which B that C when D on which 5 That is the day I ll never forget A which B on which C in which D when 6 The factory we ll visit next week is not far from here A where B to which C which D in which 7 Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working 第 8 页 共 32 页 A where B that C which D there 8 This is one of the best films A that have been shown this year B that have shown C that has been shown this year D that you talked 9 Can you lend me the book the other day A about which you talked B which you talked C about that you talked D that you talked 10 The pen he is writing is mine A with which B in which C on which D by which 11 They arrived at a farmhouse in front of sat a small boy A whom B who C which D that 12 The engineer my father works is about 50 years old A to whom B on whom C with which D with whom 13 It there anyone in your class family is in the country A who B who s C which D whose 14 I m interested in you have said A all that B all what C that D which 15 I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday A which B who C what D as 16 He isn t such a man he used to be A who B whom C that D as 17 He is good at English we all know 第 9 页 共 32 页 A that B as C whom D what 18 Li Ming to the concert enjoyed it very much A I went with B with whom I went C with who I went D I went with him 19 I don t like as you read A the novels B the such novels C such novels D same novels 20 He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school A which B that C whom D what 21 The letter is from my sister is working in Beijing A which B that C whom D who 22 In our factory there are 2 000 workers two thirds of are women A them B which C whom D who 23 You re the only person I ve ever met could do it A who B whom C whom D who 24 I lost a book I can t remember now A whose title B its title C the title of it D the title of that 25 Last summer we visited the West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world A for which B for that C in which D what 26 I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV A that B which C as D it 27 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together A when which B which when C what that D on which when 28 The way he looks at problems is wrong 第 10 页 共 32 页 A which B whose C what D 29 This is the reason he didn t come to the meeting A in which B with which C that D for which 30 This machine for many years is still working perfectly A after which I have looked B which I have looked after C that I have looked after D I have looked after 31 The reason he didn t come was he was ill A why that B that why C for that that D for which what 32 He is working hard will make him pass the final exam A that B which C for which D who 33 That is not the way I do it A B which C for which D with which 34 I have two grammars are of great use A all of which B either of which C both of that D both of which 35 I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago A as was B which was C as were D which 36 My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble was very kind of them A who B which C that D it 37 This is the magazine I copied the paragraph A that B which C from that D from which 38 He is not such a man would leave his work half done A that B which C who D as 第 11 页 共 32 页 39 You can depend on whatever promise he makes A B why C when D whose 40 Smoking is a bad habit is however popular A that B which C it D though 41 Did you ask the guard happened Yes he told me all he knew A what that B what what C which which D that that 42 I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers has a great effect on my life A when who B that which C which that D when which 43 The number of the people who cars increasing A owns are B owns is C own is D own are 44 During the days he worked as a servant at the Browns A followed B following C to follow D that followed 45 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D it 46 The clever boy made a hole in the wall he could see was going on inside house A which what B through which what C through that what D what that 47 Is some German friends visited last week A this school B this the school C this school one D this school where 48 John got beaten in the game had been expected A as B that C what D who 49 I have bought two ballpens writes well 第 12 页 共 32 页 A none of them B neither of them C neither of which D none of which 50 All that can be eaten eaten up A are being B has been C had been D have been 参考答案 一 单项选择 定语从句1 5 A C A B A 6 10 B C C A D 11 15 C B D D A 16 20 D C A B B 21 26 B B B A D D 参考答案及解析 1 A which用作关系代词 在定语从句中作主语 2 C 和谁讲话 要说speak to sb 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to whom是关系代词 作介词to的宾语 可以省略 3 D where是关系副词 表示地点 在定语从句中作地点状语 4 C when是关系副词 表示时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 5 A which是关系代词 在从句中作forget的宾语 其他几个答案都不能作宾语 6 C 解析同第5题 7 A 解析见第3题 8 A 本句话的先行词应该是films 因此 关系代词that是负数概念 其谓语动 词应用复述的被动语态have been shown 如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the 则the one应该视为先行词 9 A 谈到某事物 应说talk about sth about是介词 其后要用which作 宾语 不能用that 10 A with which是 介词 关系代词 结构 常用来引导定语从句 with有 用 的 意思 介词之后只能用which 不 能用that with which在定语从句中作状语 即he is writing with a pen 11 C in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse In front of which在从句中作状语 12 D with whom引导定语从句 with whom放在从句中即为 my father works with the engineer 第 13 页 共 32 页 13 D whose引导定语从句 在从句中作主语family的定语 14 A that引导定语从句 因为先行词是all 所以只能选用that引导 15 D the same as是固定用法 as引导定语从句时 可以作主语 宾语或表 语 在本句话中 as作从句的主语 16 D such as是固定用法 as引导定语从句时 可以作主语 宾语或表语 在本题中 as作表语 17 B as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句 这时as所指代的不是 主句中某个名词 而往往 指代整个主句的含义 as在从句中可以作主语 宾语 从句可放在主句后 也可置 于主句前 在本句中 as 作宾语 18 B Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句 with whom I went to the concert是定语从句 with whom放在从句中 为 I went to the concert with Li Ming 19 C as引导定语从句时通常构成such as或the same as固定搭配 其中suc h和same修饰其后的名词 as为关系代词 指代其前的名词引导定语从句 as在从句中可以作主语 表语或 宾语 Such修饰单数名词 时 要用such a 本题中such books such直接修饰复数名词 20 B things和persons是先行词 当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人 又表 示物的名词时 其关系代词要用 that 21 D who引导非限制性定语从句 who作从句的主语 22 C two thirds of whom 即 two thirds of the 2 000 workers 23 D 先行词person后有两个定语从句 第一个从句省略了关系代词whom 因为 whom作从句中met的宾语 可以省略 第二个从句who could do it who在从句中作主语 不可省略 24 A whose title引导非限制性定语从句 whose title也可以说成the title of which 25 A for which 引导定语从句 使用介词for 是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以 而闻名 26 C 当先行词被such修饰时 引导定语从句 的关系代词要用as As在本从句中作主语 27 A 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词 但第一个空白处要填的关系词在 从句中作状语 因此要用关 第 14 页 共 32 页 系副词when 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语 因此要用关 系代词which或that来 引导定语从句 28 D 在way distance direction等词后的定语从句中 常用that来代替 i n 或其他介词 which when 或where 而that常可省略 29 D for which在定语从句中作原因状语 可用why 来替代 30 B which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句 31 A The reason why was that 已成为一种固定句型 这一句中的why和 that不能随意换位 也不能将 that改成because 尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 因为 的含义 32 B 非限制性定语从句常用which引导 which表示前句话的整个含义 33 A 解释见28题 34 D 主句中的two表明不能选A 从句中的are表明不能选B both of which用 来引导非限制性定语从句 35 C as引导定语从句时通常构成such a