2 关系代词_语法点详解.doc

3.11 关系代词1） 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）关系代词 - 分类关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表：限定性 指人非限定性 指物限定性指人或指物主 格whowhich that宾 格whomthatthat属 格whoseof which/whoseof which/whose This is the pencil whose point is broken。这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语) 关系代词 - 用法关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food.2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。e)先行词既有人，又有物时。不能用关系代词Which 的几种情况1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which. There are few books that you can read in this book store. 2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which. He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited. 3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that, 而不用which. Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited. 4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that, 不用which. The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him. 5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which. It is the only book that he bought himself. 6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which. There is no clothes that fit you here. 7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which. Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading? 8.在强调句型 It is . that . 中,只用that,不用which. It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago. 9.在 such (the same) . as . 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which. We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature. 10.表示 正如. 那样 , 正象. 之意时, 用as, 不用which. Mary was late again, as had been expected. 11.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面, 也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。 As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.关系代词 - 语法注意1. 常用that 不用which的情况: 1）先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。I will do all (that) I can to help you。 2）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时。He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year. 3）先行词既有人,又有物时They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school。 4）当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。Who is the boy that was here just now? 2. 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which。The pencil with which he was writing broke。 3. 当先行词为way时其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导,也可不用引导词。I dont like the way (in which/that) he talks to me1.This is the place_ John was born?A.which B.where C. when D.that2. He is the only person _ I want to talk to.A. that B. which C. who D. whose3.Is this problem _the teacher explained last week?A. the one B.that C.which D.one4.The high building _ stand four policemen is the police station.A.which B.that C.in front of it D. in front of which5.My mother will give Mary a model plane_ she will like to play.A.which B.that C.for which D.with which6.The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far away village.A.until B.that C when D.where7.There are times_ I wonder why I do this job.A.as B.while C.which D.when8.After living in London for thirty years，Mr Smith returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C that D.when9.They had a long talk about the persons and things_ they both knew.A.whom B.what C. that D.which10.That is the very book_ I am looking for.A.that B.which C.what D.as11.Who is the scientist_ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday?A.that B.who C. which D.whom12.I dont like the way_ you speak to your teacher.A./ B.in that C. which D.of which13.Could you tell me when to get the book_ I want to read?A.what B.who C./ D.it14.The days_ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.A. when B.which C.who D.on which15.A pen friend of mine_ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins.A.who B.whom C.to who D.from whom16. Dont forget the day_ you were admitted to Beijing University.A.when B.that C.at which D. where17.Perhaps this is the only shop_ you can get such cheap goods.A. that B.of which C.by which D.where18.I can still remember the place_ my brother and I used to sit in the evening.A.which B.what C .that D.where19._ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As20.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. what C. that D. which21.He was seriously ill when he was a child, _ made him lose his sight.A. as B. that C. which D. it22.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ he could turn for help.A. that B. to whom C. who D. from whom23.He told the same story _ I told.A. that B. which C. as D. it24.The best work is that _ Tom has done.A. it B. which C. when D. where25. The first thing _ we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room.A. which B. as C. what D. that26. Any girls _ knew him were teachers.A. where B. that C. they D. whom27. The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog _ were just passing by.A. which B. as C. that D. who28.That is the hotel _ we stayed last year.A. in that B. in which C. why D. at which29. This is the reason _ we made Mr Li headmaster of our school.A. where B. when C. before D. why30. The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor _ is very modest and studies hard.A. who B. that C. as D. which答案与简析：1.B. 先行词是地点，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。2. A. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词常用that。3.A. 缺少先行词，故选A, 作宾语的关系代词省略。4.D.介词+关系代词引导定语从句。5.D. play with 是一个固定结构，故选with which。6.C.先行词为时间名词hours，在定语从句中作状语。7.D.先行词为时间名词times，在定语从句中作状语。8.B.先行词为地点名词，在定语从句从中作状语。9.C.先行词包含人和物，关系代词只能用that。10.A. 先行词被the very修饰，关系代词只能用that。11.A. Who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句关系代词只能用that , 以免重复。12.A. way为先行词时，关系代词用that或in which或不填。13.C.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可以用that或which或不填。14.B.spent是及物动词，关系代词which作其宾语。15.D.receive a letter from sb.收到某人的来信，先行词为人，故选from whom。16.A.先行词为时间，在定语从句中作状语,表示何时进入北大。17.D.先行词为地点，在定语从