主谓一致语法点.doc

1.More than one person here _ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected C. has been infecting D. have been infecting* 由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数又如：More than one man was injured in the accident. More than one house has been repaired.2. One or perhaps more pages _ missing. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been* 由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。又如：Are you or he to drive ? Was she or you there ?3.An expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in this work. A. was sent B. were sent C. is sending D. are sending* 由 with，together with，along with，rather than，no less than ，but， besides，except等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。又如：Nobody but John and Helen was absent. I, rather than you, am responsible for the accident.4.The police _ the black in winter. A. wears B. wear C. put on D. puts on* 英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。又如：Some people spend a lot of money on clothes. Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.5.The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team. A. are B. is C. were D. Be* the number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。a number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。又如：The number of cars is increasing in Beijing. A number of books have been published on this subject.6. To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health. A. is B. are C. was D. Were* 由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。又如：Whether to go on or return is not known. Time and tide waits for no man.7. More students than one _. A. were punished B. is punished C. was punished D. will punish* More 复数名词 than one 和 more than one 单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。又如：More students than one were punished.More than one student was punished.8. What they need _ more people. A. is B. are C. has D. Have* 名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数，但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what we need指复数内容。 又如：What we need is more time. What he needs are books. What he says and what he does do not agree. 第十七章 一致主语与谓语动词的一致单数名词与谓语动词的一致 单数集体名词被视为一个整体时,用单数形式的谓语动词;被视为若干个个体时,则用复数形式的谓语动词。 The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.这个班由25名男生和20名女生组成。The class are doing experiments.全班学生正在做实验。Our family has lived in this house for over 100 years.我们家族的人住在这屋子里已经超过100年了。His family are all well.他家的每个成员身体都很好。The brass is/are too loud.铜管乐器的声音太响了。The enemy is/are advancing towards the castle.敌军正向城堡进发。The schools teaching staff is/are excellent.该校的教师队伍是优秀的。 有些单数集体名词,即所谓的“群体名词”,如police,people,militia,cattle等,多用复数形式的谓语动词, The police are making enquiries about the murder.警方正在调查那起谋杀案。There were many people present at the meeting.许多人参加了这个会议。The militia are all out drilling for the National Day parade.民兵们都出来操练,准备参加国庆游行。Cattle were grazing on the village common.牛在村中公地上吃草。 “more than one+单数名词”结构上虽有复数意义,但习惯上多要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 More than one answer is to your question.你的问题答案不只是一个。More than one question was asked.提出的问题不只一个。More than one student has failed the exam.不只一个学生考试不及格。 “more+复数名词+than one”结构却多要求用复数形式的谓语动词。 More members than one have protested against the proposal.反对这项提议的会员不止一个。More persons than one were invited.被邀请的不止一个人。 “a(n)+单数名词+or two”结构要求用单数动词。 A day or two is enough.一两天就够了。A servant or two or three was to accompany them.将有一个或两个或三个仆人去陪他们。 “one or two+复数名词”结构则要求用复数形式的谓语动词。 One or two reasons were suggested.提出了一两条理由。One or two friends are coming this evening.今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。 “many a(n) +单数名词”结构要求用单数形式的谓语动词,这种结构多用于正式文体。 Many a fine man has died in that battle.许多优秀士兵死于那次战役。Many a page in this book is missing.这本书缺了许多页。Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs.很多著名的流行音乐歌星都因使用毒品而毁了自己。Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。Many a bright idea has been hit on by accident.许多好主意都是偶然想到的。 在“两个形容词+一个单数名词”结构中,单数名词如有复数意义,则应用复数形式的谓语动词。 English and French grammar are not very difficult to learn.英语语法和法语语法不很难学。The red and the white rose are both beautiful.红玫瑰和白玫瑰都很美。 第十七章 一致主语与谓语动词的一致复数名词与谓语动词的一致 含双数概念的复数名词要求用复数形式的谓语动词。 Are your kitchen scales accurate?你的家用天平准吗？His glasses are muddy.他的眼镜是模糊的。 含复数概念的复数名词要求用复数形式的谓语动词。 My funds are a bit low at present.我的资金现在不多。Here are some new pairs of shoes.这里有几双新鞋。 含单数概念的复数名词要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 His works is rather small.他的工厂非常小。No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。 表时间、距离和金额的复数名词要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 A hundred miles is a long distance.100英里是一段很长的距离。Twenty years is a long time in ones life.20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money.2万美元不是一笔小数目。 外来的复数名词常要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 The agenda for Mondays meeting has not yet reached me.我还没有收到星期一的会议议程。This data is very interesting.这项数据很有意思。 以-ics结尾表学科的复数名词一般要求用单数形式的谓语动词,但这类名词如果转义表示具体实践活动、性能和现象等则要求用复数形式的谓语动词。 Statistics is taught in many colleges.许多大学教统计学。Physics is his main subject.物理学是他的主科。Statistics prove nothing in this instance.统计数字在这一事例上不说明问题。His politics are very radical.他的政治观点很激进。 以-s结尾的某些表疾病的复数名词,一般要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 German measles is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.风疹对于孕妇是一种危险的疾病。 复数书名一般要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 Dickens American Notes was published in 1842.狄更斯著的美国日记出版于1842年。The Arabian Nights is well known to us.一千零一夜对我们来说是非常熟悉的。 有些复数名词既可用复数形式的谓语动词,亦可用单数形式的谓语动词。 Where are/is your manners?你怎么不讲礼貌？His whereabouts are/is unknown.没有人知道他在何处。 第十七章 一致主语与谓语动词的一致“名词/代词+with+名词/代词”结构与谓语动词的一致 “名词/代词+with+名词/代词”结构一般要求谓语动词应与第一个名词或代词一致。 A woman with two children has come.一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。The girl with dark hair and brown eyes is his sister.那个黑发棕眼的女孩是他的妹妹。 与with类似的词还有as,like,but,plus,besides,except,without,including等。 All students but Tom are taking examination.除了汤姆,所有的学生正在参加考试。All of us,including me,have been totally committed to the cause.我们大家,包括我在内,都在致力于该事业。 第十七章 一致主语与谓语动词的一致“名词/代词+as well as+名词/代词”结构与谓语动词的一致 “名词/代词+as well as+名词/代词”结构一般要求谓语动词与第一个名词或代词一致。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.学生和他们的老师出席了会议。Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.汤姆以及他的两个朋友被邀请参加了晚会。His parents as well as he treat me very well.他父母和他对我都很好。The teacher as well as the students is interested in the lecture.老师和同学对这个讲座很感兴趣。 类似的短语还有added to,along with,as much as,combined with,in addition to,in company with,more than,no less than,rather than,together with等。 The painting of M is constructed by leaning one half an M against a mirror.Reality added to its reflection makes the whole.给M画像的设计是让他的一半身体靠在镜子上。所以整个画像有一半是真实的,一半是镜子反射的。Mr Smith,together with his wife,is to arrive on the evening.史密斯先生和夫人将于晚间抵达。 第十七章 一致主语与谓语动词的一致名词化的形容词和过去分词作主语与谓语动词的一致 名词化的形容词和过去分词作主语如表单数意义,就要求用单数形式的谓语动词；如表复数意义,则要求用复数形式的谓语动词。 The true is to be distinguished from the false.真实应与虚假相区别。The dispossessed are demanding their rights.被剥夺者在要求归还他们的权利。 有些名词化的形容词和过去分词有复数形式,要求用复数形式的谓语动词。 The Christians are believers in Christ.基督教徒就是基督的信徒。The newlyweds are now spending their honeymoon abroad.新婚夫妇正在国外度蜜月。第十七章 一致主语与谓语动词的一致短语、从句、句子作主语与谓语动词的一致 短语用作主语时,一般要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 No news is good news.没有消息就是好的消息。In the evening is best for me.对我最适合的是晚上。 从句用作主语时,一般要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 What he has said leaves much for us to think about.他说的话发人深省。Because they are dead languages is no reason why they should be ignored in academic circles.不应因它们是死的语言而就在学术界忽视它们。 句子用作主语时,一般要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 “How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting.“你好。”不是一个问题,而是一个问候语。 第十七章 一致主语与谓语动词的一致倒装结构中主语与谓语动词的一致 在倒装结构中,主语即使是复数名词,或者有时在单数形式的谓语动词后有一连串并列的名词,往往也用单数形式的谓语动词,尤其在非正式英语中。 On the mothers side comes teachers also one actor.母系亲属中出了许多教师,也出了一位演员。Her face wore a puzzled,troubled,nervous look,in which was mingled fear,sorrow,depression,distrust,a trace of resentment and a trace of despair.她的神色显得不解、苦恼、不安,其中还交织着恐惧、忧伤、沮丧、不信任、一丝愤懑和一丝绝望。 在“there is/was”的结构中,也常可接复数名词,因为人们常常是先说出there is/was后才想及后面的名词的,但多用在口语中。 Theres hundreds of people on the waiting list.等候登记的有数百人。As for risks,theres risks in pretty near everything you do in this world.至于风险,在这个世界上,不论你做什么事,几乎都有风险。 第十七章 一致代词与谓语动词的一致 all用作主语时,可随其具体含义选用单数形式或复数形式的谓语动词。 All is wrong.都错了。All was silent.万籁俱寂。All were young.都很年轻。All were silent.大家都不吭声。All were present at the meeting.全都到会了。 some可随其具体含义选用单数形式或复数形式的谓语动词。 Some of this seems to be rather good.这个东西的某些部分似乎相当好。Some of the mountains in South America have not yet been mapped out.南美洲的一些山脉尚未在地图上标出来。Some of the older workers were retired early.有些老工人提前退休。 any用作主语时,随其具体含义选用单数形式或复数形式的谓语动词。 I dont think any is left.我想没有剩下的了。I dont think any of them have seen me.我想他们之中没有人看见我。 each of后接复数名词或代词时一般用单数形式的谓语动词,但有时也可用复数形式的谓语动词。 Each of us has a company car.我们每人都有一辆公司的车。Each of you have to work together with one heart.你们大家要齐心合力。Each of the jobs were planned by him. 每一项工作都是他安排的。 either用作主语时,一般应用单数形式的谓语动词,但在非正式英语中“either of+复数名词/代词”结构之后则可用复数形式的谓语动词。 Either is correct.这两者任何一个都对。I dont think either of them have arrived.我想他们两个都没到。 every和everyone一般用单数形式的谓语动词,但有时也可用复数形式的谓语动词。 Every possibility has been exploited to establish a number of schools.利用一切可能性建立了许多学校。Every 100 households have 90 television sets in this city.在这个城市里,每一百户就有90台电视机。Everyone knows it.大家都知道这件事。/Everyone is not present.并非每个人都来了。Everyone were questioned.大家都受审了。Everyone who had been in the neighborhood of the robbed orchard were questioned.被抢果园邻近居住的每一个人都被盘问了。Everyone in her family frowns on the marriage.她家里的每个人都对这桩婚事不满。Everyone in the house were in their beds.这一家人都在睡觉。 many之后一般须要求用复数形式的谓语动词,但在manys/was the time/thing,etc.(that).这一固定结构中则要求用单数形式的谓语动词。 Manys the time Ive thought of leaving.好多次我都想离去。Many