英语教学研究方法-实验法ppt课件

.,Doingexperiment,Content,2,3,4,5,Haveacontroledlookatexperiment,Haveacontroledlookatexperiment,Trytomanipulateelementsoftheenviroment,thatistocontrolsomevariablestoseeeffectoftheperformance,thatistoestablishorprovesomeconsequence,Emphasizetoresearchinasnaturalanenviromentaspossible,Experiment,ExperimentVSOthermethods,Othermethods,双击此处添加文字内容,实验研究是为验证某理论或假设所开展的有计划的实践实验时要确定实验组和对照组，设定自变量与因变量，排除干扰变量。研究者通过操纵自变量，观察实验组与对照组在因变量上的差异，最终确定两类变量之间的因果关系，从而得到一定的科学结论，实验研究一般回答类似”A是否对B产生影响”这一类问题,Whatisexperiment,Anexperimentisacontrolledlookatnatrue.Theexperimentersetupataskinwhichthestructureofthetaskisexplicit,thenatureoftheperformancebeingstudiedisexplicit,andthequestionthatisbeingaskedisprecise.,.,Experiment一般用于自然科学实验中，实验对象一般是自然物质或动植物。实验时需要对实验对象、实验环境实验步骤进行严格控制，排除一切干扰变量的影响所得结果才能揭示所要研究变量之间的真正关系。,Quasi-experimentSharemanysimilaritieswiththetraditionalexperimentaldesign,whilerelaxsomeexpectsofcontroltoestimatethecausalimpactofaninterventiononitstarget.,Causes:inpracticeitisrareforteacherstohavethepowertomanipulatethecontextsandthetaskstotheextentthattrueexperimentationdemands,andusuallytoomanyvariablesforthemalltobeeffectivelycontrolled.,.,Whyexperiment?,.,Ancontrolledlookatexperiment,.,Requirementoffalsifiabilityassociatedwithmuchpositivisticresearch,thehypothesisismorelikelytobephrasedinnullform,whichtheexperimenttriestoreject,Therewillbenodifferenceininteractionlevelsfollowingwhole-classquestionsandquestionsaddressedtogroups.,Iftheexperimentfoundtherewasadifference,thishypothesiswouldberejected.Thedirectionofthedifferencewouldthenbeevaluatedfavouringoneorotherofthetreatment,whole-classroomquestionswillstimulatemoreinteractionthanquestionaddressedtosubgroups,Theprecisequestion,whole-classroomquestionswillstimulatelessinterationthanquestionaddressedtosubgroupswithstudentsofxproficiencydoingytypeoflanguagelearningtaskinmonolingualclassrooms,.,Thecrucialvariablesbeingmanipulatedwhichthehopothesisconcerns.argumentaboutexperimentaltechniquesoftenconcernsthevalidityoftherelationshipbetweentheIVandthehypothesis.,Usuallyadiferencebetweentheparticipantswhichmaysystematima-ticallyorunsystematicallyaffecttheresults.Inaquestionairestudy,interstmightfocusonthewaytwodifferentkindsofpupil,e.g.girlsandboys,answeredthequestions.Heresexwouldbeamoderatorvariable.,Us,Oftenitisdifficulttoseperateoutvariablesfromoneanothersatis-factorilyinthepresentcase,theresearcherwouldhaveadifficulttimesortingoutthedifferencebetweenagroupworktaskandagroupworkseatingposition.Thesetwovariables,whichmightbeimportant,aresofarconfouded.Confoundingvariablesareundesirablefeaturesofexperiments.,ThesearethemeasuresoftheeffectofthemanipulationoftheIV.Inourexample,theinteractionlevel-presumablysomemeasureofamountoftalknumberofstudent,turnsofspeach,andsoon.,.,Anexplicittaskwhichcanbemeasured,.,Sufficientparticpant,Representative-nessofsomesomelargergrouping,Inthecase,therewouldhavetobesufficientparticipantstoensureameaningfuldifferentcebetweenthewholeclassandthesubgroups,ThesamestudentsatdifferenttimesRequirefewerpeopleandbemoresensitive,subjecttoproblemsoforder,twodifferentgroupsRequiremorepeople,belesssensitive,notsubjecttoordereffects.,.,Controlsandcounterbalance,Howtocontrolforsystematicbiasesamongthepeopleparticipatingtoassignthemtothetreatmentgroupsatrandom.matchthestudentsascloselyaspossiblebyhavingthemdotestsofproficiciencylevel,attitude,personalitytype,aptitudeandsofortheffectsoforderofpresentationoftheexperimentaltreatmentswouldhavetobecounterbalanced,.,Consequences:,toreducepossiblerivalinterpretationsbycontrollingtheireffectstoincreasetheartificialityofthesituationatleastascomparedtothenormalcontextofthelearnersandteachererseverydayexperience.thegreatertheinfluenceofsuchdesignmeasures,thenearertheresearchistoatrueexperiment.,.,result,result,measurementsproducedbythedata-collectioninstruments,confoundingvariables,originalhypothesis,hypothesis,Are