初中英语同义句转换类型归纳哈尔滨地区一线英语教师一定会浏览的PPT幻灯片课件

初中英语同义句转换类型归纳,苇河中学hljwhzxwxh,1,哈尔滨市七区十二县一线英语教师一定会浏览的课件,2,同义句转换题是哈尔滨市中考英语的一个常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有两处空格，要求填入适当的词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。,3,一、运用同义组进行转换用同义词组对原句中的词组进行替换.,4,1WeareproudofhimHeistheprideofusWetakeprideinhim2shoulddo/oughttodo/besupposedtodo/(2009年4月哈市调研题),5,3WeshouldtryourbesttoachieveourdreamsWeshouldtryourbesttomakeourdreams-.答案cometrue.,6,4.TheteacheralwaystakesgoodcareofthechildrenTheteacheralways_thechildrenwell.答案为looksafter。takegoodcareof与lookafterwell同义,7,中考试题回顾,Theyenjoyedthemselvesatthegardenparty（2002广州市）They_atthegardenpartyhadagoodtime,8,中考试题回顾回顾,TheSmithsteachthemselvesChineseafterwork（2002聊城市）TheSmiths_Chinese_themselvesafterwork答案，taught,by,9,补充同义短语,now/atthemomentprefer.to/wouldratherdoAthandoBlikeAbetterthanBlikedoingAbetterthandoingBpreferAtoB;preferdoingAtodoingBpreferdoingAinsteadofdoingBwouldratherdoAthandoBprefertodoAratherthandoB,10,补充同义短语,Ahassth/sthbelongstosbrightaway/rightnow/immediately/atoncetwodaysmore/another+数字,11,补充同义短语,nolonger/notanylonger（动作或状态不再延续因此必须与延续性动词连用）Nomore/notanymore（次数上不再重复，数量上不再增加，程度上不再提高。王老师强调）wanttoknow/wonderremembertodo/dontforgettodoborrowfrom/lendtobeathome/beinbefullof/befilledwith装满，盛满（哈尔滨市2003年中考已经考过。王老师强调）ononesown/byoneself,12,补充同义短语,can/beabletocross/goacrossfailtodo/notsucceedindoingfailinatest/notpassfrommorningtonight/throughoutthedayfinally/atlast,13,二运用反义组的否定式进行转换,即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思。,14,1.TheweatherinHarbinisdifferentfromthatihHainanTheweatherinHarbinisnotthe_thatinHainan答案为sameas。bedifferentfrom意为“与不同”；thesameas意为“与相同”，其否定式与bedifferentfrom同义。（哈尔滨市中考已经考过的类似的题，但那不是与benotthesameas的替换。王新华老师强调）,15,2.Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.I_thinkwealthis_importantthanhealth.分析：答案为dont，more。lessimportant的意思是“没有（不及）重要”；moreimportant的意思是“（比）更重要”，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比更重要”。,16,有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。Helentsomemoneytohisfriend.Hefriend_somemoney_him.分析：答案为borrowed，from。borrowfrom意为“向借”；lendto意为“把借给”。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句。,17,三、运用不同语态进行转换即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。1.Everyoneshouldgivebackhislibrarybooksontime.Librarybooksshould_ontime.分析：答案为begivenback。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。,18,四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。,19,1.Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeen_fiveminutes.分析：答案为onfor。hasbeen提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续（一段时间）”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。,20,2.Theheadmasterlefttwohoursago.Theheadmaster_fortwohours.分析：答案为hasbeenaway。leave为非延续性动词，不能与fortwohours这样的一段时间连用，而改成beaway这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。,21,3.Theoldmandiedfiveyearsago.Theoldmanhasbeen_fiveyears.分析：答案为deadfor。hasbeen提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续（一段时间）”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。,22,3.HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.He_theLeagueforthreeyears.答案：hasbeenin。短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入（组织，政党）”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成bein或beamemberin。,23,补充非延续性动词与延续性动词,get/receivealetterfrom/hearfromHavealetterfromGettoknowKnowFinishBeover,24,补充非延续性动词与延续性动词,beginstartbeon；comebehere；leavebeaway（from）；buyhave；borrowkeep；diebedead；returnbeback；marrybemarried；fallasleepgotosleepbeasleep；,25,补充非延续性动词与延续性动词,openbeopen（adj）；closebeclosed（adj）；catchacoldhaveacold；fallillbeill；jointheLeaguePartybeintheLeagueParty（beaLeaguePartymember；,26,补充非延续性动词与延续性动词,jointhearmybeinthearmybeasoldier；arriveinatbeinat；getupbeup,27,中考试题回顾回顾,Thefilmbegan20minutesago（2002盐城市）Thefilmhasbeen_20minutesSamsgrandfatherdied10yearsago（2002上海市）Samsgrandfatherhasbeen_10years,28,中考试题回顾回顾,MygrandpajoinedthePartythirtyyearsago（2002福州市）Mygrandpa_thePartyforthirtyyearsIgotuphalfanhourago（2002哈尔滨市）I_upforhalfanhour,29,五、运用不同引语进行转换即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。一找连词，二排语序，三看时态，四变人称，五查状语。,30,1.“Ivefoundmywallet,”hesaidtome.He_methathe_hiswallet.分析：答案为told，hadfound。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。,31,2.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He_Ihadseenhertheweek_.分析：答案为askedif/whether,before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。,32,六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：,33,要点分析,此类复合句主要是宾语从句和结果状语从句，宾语从句改为不定式的句式有：1）hopewish，besure，tell等后跟that引导的从句，可转换为不定式；2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，也可转换为“特殊疑问词+todo”结构，构成不定式短语。sothat引导的结果状语从句有两种情况：,34,要点分析,1）表示肯定的结果，可与“enoughto”结构互换；2）表示否定的结果，它既可以与“tooto”结构互换，也可以改为“not+adjadv+enoughto”。（注：此时的形容词或副词应为上句的反义词。）注意：“sothat”结构前后主语不一致时，应在enough或too+adj后面加forsb。,35,教你两招,从句变成介词短语。从句变成含非谓语等结构。如，复合宾语.,36,1.WedidntplaybasketballagainstClassOnebecauseitwasraining.WedidntplaybasketballagainstClassOne_therain.分析：答案为becauseof。将原因状语从句becauseitwasraining改为表示原因的介词短语becauseoftherain。,37,2.Heissoshortthathecantreachtheapplesonthetree.Heis_toreachtheapplesonthetree.分析：答案为nottallenough。将sothat换成tooto结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。,38,3.Pleaseshowmehowtoplayit.Pleaseshowmeyou_playit.分析：答案为howyoucan。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。,39,4.Youshouldputthembackafteryouusethem.Youshouldputthemback_them.分析：答案为afterusing。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。,40,典型例题,IhappenedtomeethimonthewayhomeI_him_onthewayhome答案，met,bychance/byaccident.类似的结构taketheplaceof/doinsteadof等。,41,中考试题回顾回顾,Theycanhardlydecidewhattheywilldonext（2000济南市）_forthemtodecidewhat_nextShewassoweakthatshecouldnttakecareofherbaby（2002辽宁省）Shewas_weak_takecareofherbaby,42,中考试题回顾回顾,16TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearnChineseKongfuwell（2002济南市）Theforeignerswanttoknow_learnChineseKongfuwell17Heistooyoungtogotoschool（2002上海徐汇区）Heisnt_togotoschool,43,七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：1.Hurryup,orwellmissthefirstbus._we_hurryup,wellmissthefirstbus.分析：答案为If，dont。if引导条件状语从句。,44,2.Themangaveusatalklastweek.Hewillcometoourschool.Theman_gaveusatalklastweek_toourschool.答案为who/that，willcome。,45,八运用关联连词连接或合并句子,即运用关联连词bothand，neithernor，eitheror，notonlybutalso等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，bothand连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neithernor，eitheror，notonlybutalso连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：,46,1.TomcantspeakJapanesewellandJimcant,either._Tom_JimcanspeakJapanesewell.分析：答案填Neither，nor。neithernor表示“和（两者）都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。